Executable books make campaign data tangible

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Mieslinger ◽  
Jule Radtke ◽  
Tobias Kölling
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Explanatory Text ◽  
Process Studies ◽  
Field Campaigns ◽  
Online Book ◽  
Large Groups

<p>Large field campaigns dedicated to study the earth system are run by large groups of people from many research institutions that are scattered around the globe. That way, it is possible to create a great wealth of original datasets, thoroughly quantifying the state of a specific region in space and time on our planet. All collected data is potentially very useful for model validation, process studies, teaching and more. But while researchers way beyond those participating at the field campaign might be interested in the data, even those participating are often faced by difficulties to discover, access and use the data.</p> <p>To tackle these challenges in the context of the EUREC4A field campaign, we started the „How to EUREC4A“ executable book project. It is an openly accessible online book, written collaboratively by participants from the field campaign and the broader community around. The book contains explanations about the available instruments, data and typical usage patterns. The book is also an executable book, which means that each of the chapters contain explanatory text, code and figures that can be modified by readers, either on their own computer or without any prior setup using an online service called „binder“. Thus, the book also forms a collection of data quicklooks and is an interactive plotting software at the same time.</p> <p>On first sight, the book might seem to be just yet another shiny user interface, similar to other data catalogs. But due to the way it is made, it really becomes the hub of a larger ecosystem. In order to make the book executable by everyone, data must be openly accessible and understandable to everyone, thus the book fosters the creation and maintenance of a comprehensive data catalog and the publication of datasets in an analysis friendly way. Every time the book is executed, we can test if the data is still accessible and still compatible. Furthermore, making beautiful and understandable usage examples for your dataset makes your data visible to a broader community, feels rewarding and motivates others to do the same. As the book lives due to motivated contributors, this creates a positive feedback loop to enlarge the collection of accessible and understandable data.</p>

scholarly journals A potential feedback loop underlying glacial-interglacial cycles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Els Weinans ◽  
Anne Willem Omta ◽  
George A. K. van Voorn ◽  
Egbert H. van Nes
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Ocean Ventilation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Convergent Cross Mapping

AbstractThe sawtooth-patterned glacial-interglacial cycles in the Earth’s atmospheric temperature are a well-known, though poorly understood phenomenon. Pinpointing the relevant mechanisms behind these cycles will not only provide insights into past climate dynamics, but also help predict possible future responses of the Earth system to changing CO$$_2$$ 2 levels. Previous work on this phenomenon suggests that the most important underlying mechanisms are interactions between marine biological production, ocean circulation, temperature and dust. So far, interaction directions (i.e., what causes what) have remained elusive. In this paper, we apply Convergent Cross-Mapping (CCM) to analyze paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic records to elucidate which mechanisms proposed in the literature play an important role in glacial-interglacial cycles, and to test the directionality of interactions. We find causal links between ocean ventilation, biological productivity, benthic $$\delta ^{18}$$ δ 18 O and dust, consistent with some but not all of the mechanisms proposed in the literature. Most importantly, we find evidence for a potential feedback loop from ocean ventilation to biological productivity to climate back to ocean ventilation. Here, we propose the hypothesis that this feedback loop of connected mechanisms could be the main driver for the glacial-interglacial cycles.

scholarly journals Climate-mediated cooperation promotes niche expansion in burying beetles

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syuan-Jyun Sun ◽  
Dustin R Rubenstein ◽  
Bo-Fei Chen ◽  
Shih-Fan Chan ◽  
Jian-Nan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Social Insects ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Cooperative Groups ◽  
Burying Beetles ◽  
Ecological Consequences ◽  
Social Species ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Large Groups

The ability to form cooperative societies may explain why humans and social insects have come to dominate the earth. Here we examine the ecological consequences of cooperation by quantifying the fitness of cooperative (large groups) and non-cooperative (small groups) phenotypes in burying beetles (Nicrophorus nepalensis) along an elevational and temperature gradient. We experimentally created large and small groups along the gradient and manipulated interspecific competition with flies by heating carcasses. We show that cooperative groups performed as thermal generalists with similarly high breeding success at all temperatures and elevations, whereas non-cooperative groups performed as thermal specialists with higher breeding success only at intermediate temperatures and elevations. Studying the ecological consequences of cooperation may not only help us to understand why so many species of social insects have conquered the earth, but also to determine how climate change will affect the success of these and other social species, including our own.

scholarly journals Measurements of OH and HO<sub>2</sub> concentrations during the MCMA-2006 field campaign – Part 2: Model comparison and radical budget

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 6655-6675 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dusanter ◽  
D. Vimal ◽  
P. S. Stevens ◽  
R. Volkamer ◽  
L. T. Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Comparison ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Propagation Rate ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Atmospheric Models ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Field Campaigns ◽  
Test Current

Abstract. Measurements of hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxy (HO2) radicals were made during the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) field campaign as part of the MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations) project during March 2006. These measurements provide a unique opportunity to test current models of atmospheric ROx (OH + HO2 + RO2) photochemistry under polluted conditions. A zero-dimensional box model based on the Regional Atmospheric Chemical Mechanism (RACM) was constrained by 10-min averages of 24 J-values and the concentrations of 97 chemical species. Several issues related to the ROx chemistry under polluted conditions are highlighted in this study: (i) Measured concentrations of both OH and HO2 were underpredicted during morning hours on a median campaign basis, suggesting a significant source of radicals is missing from current atmospheric models under polluted conditions, consistent with previous urban field campaigns. (ii) The model-predicted HO2/OH ratios underestimate the measurements for NO mixing ratios higher than 5 ppb, also consistent with previous urban field campaigns. This suggests that under high NOx conditions, the HO2 to OH propagation rate may be overestimated by the model or a process converting OH into HO2 may be missing from the chemical mechanism. On a daily basis (08:40 a.m.–06:40 p.m.), an analysis of the radical budget indicates that HONO photolysis, HCHO photolysis, O3-alkene reactions and dicarbonyls photolysis are the main radical sources. O3 photolysis contributes to less than 6% of the total radical production.

scholarly journals Science with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Johnston ◽  
M. Bailes ◽  
N. Bartel ◽  
C. Baugh ◽  
M. Bietenholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Of View ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Radio Observatory ◽  
Square Kilometre Array ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Parabolic Reflectors ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Technology Demonstrator

AbstractThe future of centimetre and metre-wave astronomy lies with the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), a telescope under development by a consortium of 17 countries that will be 50 times more sensitive than any existing radio facility. Most of the key science for the SKA will be addressed through large-area imaging of the Universe at frequencies from a few hundred MHz to a few GHz. The Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) is a technology demonstrator aimed in the mid-frequency range, and achieves instantaneous wide-area imaging through the development and deployment of phased-array feed systems on parabolic reflectors. The large field-of-view makes ASKAP an unprecedented synoptic telescope that will make substantial advances in SKA key science. ASKAP will be located at the Murchison Radio Observatory in inland Western Australia, one of the most radio-quiet locations on the Earth and one of two sites selected by the international community as a potential location for the SKA. In this paper, we outline an ambitious science program for ASKAP, examining key science such as understanding the evolution, formation and population of galaxies including our own, understanding the magnetic Universe, revealing the transient radio sky and searching for gravitational waves.

scholarly journals Towards Federated Satellite Systems and Internet of Satellites: The Federation Deployment Control Protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan A. Ruiz-de-Azua ◽  
Nicola Garzaniti ◽  
Alessandro Golkar ◽  
Anna Calveras ◽  
Adriano Camps
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Control Protocol ◽  
Ground Station ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Definition Of

Presently, the Earth Observation community is demanding applications that provide low latency and high downlink capabilities. An increase in downlink contacts becomes essential to meet these new requirements. The Federated Satellite Systems concept addresses this demand by promoting satellite collaborations to share unused downlink opportunities. These collaborations are established opportunistically and temporarily, posing multiple technology challenges to be implemented in-orbit. This work contributes to the definition of the Federation Deployment Control Protocol which formalizes a mechanism to fairly establish and manage these collaborations by employing a negotiation process between the satellites. Moreover, this manuscript presents the results of a validation campaign of this protocol with three stratospheric balloons. In summary, more than 27 federations with 63.0% of throughput were established during the field campaign. Some of these federations were used to download data to the ground, and others were established to balance data storage between balloons. These federations allowed also the extension of the coverage of a ground station with a federation that relayed data through a balloon, and the achievement of a hybrid scenario with one balloon forwarding data from a ground device. The results demonstrate that the proposed protocol is functional and ready to be embedded in a CubeSat mission.

scholarly journals Leveraging Field-Campaign Networks to Identify Sexual Harassment in Atmospheric Science and Pilot Promising Interventions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Emily V. Fischer ◽  
Brittany Bloodhart ◽  
Kristen Rasmussen ◽  
Ilana B. Pollack ◽  
Meredith G. Hastings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Atmospheric Science ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Field Campaigns ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Hostile Work Environment ◽  
Additional Safety

AbstractSexual harassment in field settings brings unique challenges for prevention and response, as field research occurs outside “typical” workplaces, often in remote locations that create additional safety concerns and new team dynamics. We report on a project that has 1) trained field project participants to recognize, report, and confront sexual harassment, and 2) investigated the perceptions, attitudes, and experiences of field researchers regarding sexual harassment. Pre-campaign surveys from four major, multi-institutional, domestic and international field projects indicate that the majority of sexual harassment reported prior to the field campaigns was hostile work environment harassment, and women were more likely to be the recipients, on average reporting 2-3 incidents each. The majority of those disclosing harassment indicated that they coped with past experiences by avoiding their harasser or downplaying incidents. Of the incidences reported (47) in post-campaign surveys of the four field teams, all fell under the category of hostile work environment and included incidents of verbal, visual, and physical harassment. Women’s harassment experiences were perpetrated by men 100% of the time, and the majority of the perpetrators were in more senior positions than the victims. Men’s harassment experiences were perpetrated by a mix of women and men, and the majority came from those at the same position of seniority. Post-project surveys indicate that the training programs (taking place before the field projects) helped participants come away with more positive than negative emotions and perceptions of the training, the leadership, and their overall experiences on the field campaign.

scholarly journals Astrobiology field research in Moon/Mars analogue environments

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. Foing ◽  
C. Stoker ◽  
P. Ehrenfreund
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Rio Tinto ◽  
Field Campaigns ◽  
Río Tinto ◽  
Desert Research

AbstractExtreme environments on Earth often provide similar terrain conditions to landing/operation sites on Moon and Mars. Several field campaigns (EuroGeoMars2009 and DOMMEX/ILEWG EuroMoonMars from November 2009 to March 2010) were conducted at the Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) in Utah. Some of the key astrobiology results are presented in this special issue on ‘Astrobiology field research in Moon/Mars analogue environments’ relevant to investigate the link between geology, minerals, organics and biota. Preliminary results from a multidisciplinary field campaign at Rio Tinto in Spain are presented.

scholarly journals DOAS measurements of NO<sub>2</sub> from an ultralight aircraft during the Earth Challenge expedition

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 2057-2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Merlaud ◽  
M. Van Roozendael ◽  
J. van Gent ◽  
C. Fayt ◽  
J. Maes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Po Valley ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Ozone Monitoring ◽  
Set Up

Abstract. We report on airborne Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) measurements of NO2 tropospheric columns above South Asia, the Arabic peninsula, North Africa, and Italy in November and December 2009. The DOAS instrument was installed on an ultralight aircraft involved in the Earth Challenge project, an expedition of seven pilots flying on four ultralight aircraft between Australia and Belgium. The instrument recorded spectra in limb geometry with a large field of view, a set-up which provides a high sensitivity to the boundary layer NO2 while minimizing the uncertainties related to the attitude variations. We compare our measurements with OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) and GOME-2 (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2) tropospheric NO2 products when the latter are available. Above Rajasthan and the Po Valley, two areas where the NO2 field is homogeneous, data sets agree very well. Our measurements in these areas are 0.1 ± 0.1 to 3 ± 1 × 1015 molec cm−2 and 2.6 ± 0.8 × 1016 molec cm−2, respectively. Flying downwind of Riyadh, our NO2 measurements show the structure of the megacity's exhaust plume with a higher spatial resolution than OMI. Moreover, our measurements are larger (up to 40%) than those seen by satellites. We also derived tropospheric columns when no satellite data were available if it was possible to get information on the visibility from satellite measurements of aerosol optical thickness. This experiment also provides a confirmation for the recent finding of a soil signature above desert.

scholarly journals On Hegel’s Ground

Stasis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-74
Author(s):  
Jeff Diamanti
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Basins Of Attraction ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Ablation Zone ◽  
Science Of Logic ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Rising Sea Levels

Climate change is not just about rising sea levels and greenhouse gases. It is also an intensive process of real-time terraforming without any obvious subject verbing the process. This is most visibly underway at the ablation zone of the Earth’s cryosphere. Is it reasonable to situate our understanding of ecological crisis at this new ground? What would it mean to take anthropogenic climate change as the ground for reason amid the ecological crises careening toward the present? This essay returns to the second half of part one of Hegel’s The Science of Logic —the culmination of the Objective Spirit — where something appears from nothing, and it does so in and as “Ground.” I argue that recent conceptual basins of attraction in climate and earth sciences —namely, the feedback loop and the tipping point —intimate a return to elemental philosophy, and that the dialectic of nonidentity that marks Hegel’s philosophy of nature interfaces with the form-matter-content triad thrumming at the culmination of the Objective Spirit. The nonidentity of the earth has been unearthed.

scholarly journals A meteorological overview of the MILAGRO field campaigns

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 2233-2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Fast ◽  
B. de Foy ◽  
F. Acevedo Rosas ◽  
E. Caetano ◽  
G. Carmichael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Cold Surge ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
The Third ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
Field Campaigns

Abstract. We describe the large-scale meteorological conditions that affected atmospheric chemistry over Mexico during March 2006 when several field campaigns were conducted in the region. In-situ and remote-sensing instrumentation was deployed to obtain measurements of wind, temperature, and humidity profiles in the boundary layer and free atmosphere at four primary sampling sites in central Mexico. Several models were run operationally during the field campaign to provide forecasts of the local, regional, and synoptic meteorology as well as the predicted location of the Mexico City pollutant plume for aircraft flight planning purposes. Field campaign measurements and large-scale analyses are used to define three regimes that characterize the overall meteorological conditions: the first regime prior to 14 March, the second regime between 14 and 23 March, and the third regime after 23 March. Mostly sunny and dry conditions with periods of cirrus and marine stratus along the coast occurred during the first regime. The beginning of the second regime was characterized by a sharp increase in humidity over the central plateau and the development of late afternoon convection associated with the passage of a weak cold surge on 14 March. Over the next several days, the atmosphere over the central plateau became drier so that deep convection gradually diminished. The third regime began with the passage of a strong cold surge that lead to humidity, afternoon convection, and precipitation over the central plateau that was higher than during the second regime. The frequency and intensity of fires, as determined by satellite measurements, also diminished significantly after the third cold surge. The synoptic-scale flow patterns that govern the transport of pollutants in the region are described and compared to previous March periods to put the transport into a climatological context. The complex terrain surrounding Mexico City produces local and regional circulations that govern short-range transport; however, the mean synoptic conditions modulate the thermally-driven circulations and on several days the near-surface flow is coupled to the ambient winds aloft.

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