scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND INTRODUCTION OF NEW HIGH-POTENCY GROWTH REGULATOR FOR RESTORING SOIL FERTILITY IN ARID AREAS OF KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (36) ◽  
pp. 315-333
Author(s):  
Kazhimukhan T ARYNOV ◽  
Zhailaubay ZHUBATOV ◽  
Abdirazah P AUESHOV ◽  
Gulnur M SARUAROVA ◽  
Nazgul M NURTAZA
Keyword(s):  
Brown Coal ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Republic

The object of the study is organic mineral fertilizers obtained from brown coal and vermicompost to increase the yield of grain and vegetable crops, as well as various tree varieties. The purpose of the study is the development and implementation of a new organomineral fertilizer to restore the fertility of soil and forests, reduce desertification, and increase the yield of agricultural crops. In the process, studies were carried out to select the optimal conditions for obtaining organomineral fertilizer s, determine their composition and structure, and establish the optimal concentration of the compound. As a result of the work carried out, several organomineral fertilizer with the effect of growth stimulation have been synthesized from a complex feedstock: brown coal and vermicompost, containing enzymes, amino acids, vitamins, organic acids, phytohormones, as well as a complex of minerals and trace elements. Laboratory and field experiments on the effect of the new organomineral fertilizer on vegetables, grain crops, and some trees were carried out. It has been discovered that the use of the new fertilizer increases the yield of grain crops by 4.2-4.7 dt/ha and vegetable crops by 2.4-3.2 t/ha. The use of this compound in the agrotechnical cultivation of coniferous trees increases 4.0-4.7 cm compared to the basic version of fertilizer. At the forest nursery of MPI “Bakanasskoe Forestry”, experiments on the effect of organic fertilization on the seeds of black saxaul are carried out on the territory of 1.0 hectares. Degree of implementation - applications for patents of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Eurasian Patent Office have been submitted. Based on the research results, it is planned to develop and introduce 1 compound into the practice of plant growth. The research results can find application in the following areas: agriculture and forestry, soil ecology and agrochemistry, biotechnology. Efficiency – the simplicity of production technology, multicomponent, good solubility in water, a low dose of application – 0.01% of the active ingredient (0.1 g per 100 l of water) or long shelf life, safety, a wide range of crops covered.

AGROTECNICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE SOWING METHOD AND WORKING BODIES OF THE GRAIN STUBBLE SEEDER

1970 ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
D. N. Radnaev ◽  
S. V. Petunov ◽  
D-Ts. B. Badmatsyrenov
Keyword(s):  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Continuous Rolling ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Feeding Area ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Arid Regions ◽  
Working Bodies

The paper presents the results of studies of grain crops row sowing method agrotechnical indicators after the modernization of the working bodies of the SZS-2.1 seeder-cultivator. The SZS-2,1 stubble cultivator seeder has found wide application in the arid regions of the Republic of Buryatia, whose soils are prone to wind erosion. This seeder provides a combination of pre-sowing cultivation, sowing grain crops, applying mineral fertilizers to the sown rows and rolling them on stubble backgrounds, that is, in fields that have been processed since autumn with flat-cutting tools or have not been cultivated at all. Sowing with these seeders with 23 cm row spacing in a row method is the main method of sowing spring wheat in the soil conservation agriculture system. Routine sowing on soils of light texture, subject to wind erosion, causes thickening of plants in a row, which leads to irrational use of the feeding area by plants, increased weediness of crops between rows and, ultimately, to a decrease in yield. A distributor for the coulter has been developed, where the seeds are fed to the distributor. Then, reflecting from the distributor, the seeds are evenly dispersed in the opener under the plow space. Also, instead of serial wedge-shaped packer rollers, ring-spur rollers of the 3KSH-6 type are installed on the seeder. In addition, continuous rolling provides the necessary contact of seeds with the soil, preserves soil moisture and helps to attract it from the lower layers. Thus, the modernization of the SZS-2.1 seeder made it possible to substantiate subsurface-spread strip sowing with continuous rolling, which ultimately led to an increase in grain yield by 10-15%.

scholarly journals Vegetable growing of the Republic of Kazakhstan in terms of pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Y. E. Gridneva ◽  
◽  
G. Sh. Kaliakparova ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Republic

With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in most countries, after the adoption of emergency measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection, various economic measures have been implemented to support the population and stabilize the economy. Global changes are taking place in the world, which is associated with issues of cooperation, management activities using a wide range of methods, transformations in agro-industrial complex. To ensure food security of the country, the role of agricultural sector of the republic is increasing. The authors explored main directions of the effective development of vegetable growing in the southern region of the country. The issues of vegetable-growing subcomplex of agri-industrial complex have been identified. Based on the analysis, their assessment, as well as the potential of the industry's innovative activity are presented. There are great prospects for vegetable market, as the consumption of these products, which are rich in vitamins, minerals necessary for the organism, as well as a balanced diet, is increasing. The solution to the problems is in the transition to industrial technologies, the widespread dissemination of business ideas. The measures necessary to expand the scope of introduction of high-performance technologies in the vegetable sector are considered. The importance of public support for the growth of vegetable production is shown. The destabilizing factors of competitiveness of vegetable growing in Kazakhstan have been identified, proposals on improvement of the efficiency of this industry have been developed which are based on innovation. The authors state the need for innovative restructuring in breeding and seed production of vegetable crops, public variety testing, and control over the use of pesticides. The level of provision of the population with vegetable products, and processing industry with raw materials are determined by the development and location of vegetable growing in the republic, as well as labor provision and transport accessibility of sales markets.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION IN GROUPS OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS DEPENDING ON THE LEVEL OF WATER REGIME IN THE ROSTOV REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. N. Ilinskaya ◽  
◽  
V. A. Kulygin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Regime ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Rostov Region

Purpose: to determine the efficiency of mineral fertilizers and the agricultural crops response degree for the main groups (cereals, fodder, legumes and industrial crops, potatoes and vegetables) during irrigation in the aspect of resource saving. Materials and methods: the research was carried out in the Central irrigated zone of Rostov region (FSUE “Semikarakorskoe”). The object of research is different groups of agricultural crops, their reaction to the nutrient status at different levels of moisture supply. The soils of the experimental site are represented by ordinary chernozems. Field observations, research and data processing were carried out according to generally accepted methods: B. A. Dospekhov, A. N. Kostyakov, M. M. Goryanskiy. Results: as a result of the research, it was revealed that regardless the fertilizer status, the calculated water regime contributes to the agricultural crops yield increase by an average of 1.6–3.2 times in comparison with dry conditions. The calculated soil water regime contributed to a significant increase in the efficiency of fertilizers relative to rainfed growing conditions. Under different mineral fertilizers backgrounds, the maximum effect from their use increased: in the group of grain crops (spring barley) by 3.09 times, fodder (alfalfa of previous years) by 2.93 times, legumes (peas) by 2.86 times and potatoes by 4.25 times. Conclusions: the greatest effect from the fertilizers application under irrigation conditions was shown by potatoes, vegetables and grain crops. The highest return on fertilizers by an increase in yield was noted in the cultivation of alfalfa (12.67–13.83 kg) and Sudanese grass (22.00–23.44 kg), as well as potatoes (26.37–24.22 kg) and vegetable crops (22.6–33.4 kg). A severe water regime with a slight decrease in the yield of agricultural crops contributes to the irrigation water saving up to 1050–1580 m3/ha, which is very urgent under conditions of water scarcity.

scholarly journals Of mixtures in the system of fodder production of the Republic of Tatarstan

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Рустем Мухамадиев ◽  
Rustem Mukhamadiev ◽  
Рустам Низамов ◽  
Rustam Nizamov ◽  
Марсель Маликов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Livestock Feeds ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
The Republic

Mixed crops of annual fodder crops are one of the main levers for balancing livestock feeds, at the same time increasing their productivity and quality remains an urgent task. In connection with these, from 2011 to 2013 years, we conducted field experiments with these crops. Thus, for the first time in the soil-climatic conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan, the following were studied at the research site: the effectiveness of applying calculated doses of mineral fertilizers to the planned yield of poly-species forage crops; quality and nutritional value of feed; dynamics of nutrition elements on strip crops of sunflower and annual grasses, depending on the nutrition background. According to the results of the research, it was found that the largest harvest of fodder units is achieved with the sowing scheme 180 + 180 cm (N85P35K35), the highest increment of dry matter is in the scheme 180 + 180 and 360 + 360 cm (N130P60K60), the maximum harvesting of crude protein for sunflower seeding and annual grasses with a width of strips of 180 cm (N130P60K60).

PRODUCTION OF FEED ADDITIVES FOR ANIMAL HUSBANDRY FROM BROWN COALS ON A MODULAR PRODUCTION LINE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF LLC “BOGRADSKIY GOK”)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (41) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
ELENA BEZRUK ◽  
◽  
ANDREY SHCHAPOV ◽  
IGOR RUCH’EV ◽  
KONSTANTIN SOROKIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Coal ◽  
Production Line ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modular Production ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Meat Productivity

The article presents the composition of known feed additives. The combination of components used in the feed additive can solve the problem of vitamin and energy deficiency, normalize metabolism, remove toxic products accumulated in the gastrointestinal tract, increase the resistance of young animals and adult animals, and avoid losses of dairy and meat productivity. Common disadvantages of feed additives are their multicomponent composition, high labor intensity and duration of production. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing the technologies for the production of feed additives with a wide range of biological activity based on the processing of oxidized brown coal on a modular production line. (Materials and methods) The article presents the study of the efficiency of a modular processing line to provide flexibility in the technology of processing brown coal to obtain feed additives. The article presents the practical results of checking the quality of the obtained feed additive on the parameters and operating modes of individual units and aggregates. (Results and discussion) Authors developed a technology for the production of feed additives for cattle. The proposed feed additive was tested in Andreevskoe LLC of the Republic of Khakassia on a dairy herd of cattle, where two groups of animals of 20 heads each were formed: a control group and an experimental group. Authors tested the addition at the end of the winter stall period. (Conclusions) The article presents the influence of the “Humates of Khakassia” feed additive on the dairy and meat productivity of cattle on the example of LLC «Andreevskoe». Authors optimized the feeding standards and the composition of feed additives for dairy cattle in the Republic of Khakassia. The article presents developed recommendations for the use of feed additives in the stable period.

THE INTENSITY OF CARBON UPTAKE BY FIELD CROPS, DEPENDING ON THE CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Marat Amirov
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
The Republic

Carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants during photosynthesis and the intensity of this process depends on the solar radiation coming to this territory, the temperature regime, the availability of moisture and batteries. The amount of CO2 absorbed by plants is determined by the accumulated dry biomass or yield. The potential yield of field crops in production conditions is not always achieved. The paper presents the results of studies on the effect of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers on various types of soils with different moisture indicators on the formation of dry biomass by spring durum wheat. Field experiments were carried out on gray forest soils in 2005-2008, which occupy 43.7% of agricultural land in the Republic of Tatarstan and chernozems in 2001-2003, occupying 39.9%. The assimilation of mineral nutrition elements from soil and fertilizers by plants is influenced not only by the type of soil, but also by the availability of productive moisture. In the studies of 1984-1987, the effect of fertilizers and irrigation on the intensity of accumulation of dry biomass by spring durum wheat was studied. The use of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers on leached chernozems on average for 1984-1987 increased the accumulation of dry biomass of spring durum wheat by 45.6%, and in combination with irrigation by another 57.4%. In the experiments of 2001-2003, calculated doses of mineral fertilizers increased the accumulation of dry biomass by 20.7% on the chernozems of the Transcamian region of the Republic of Tatarstan, and by 13.6% on the gray forest soils of the Pre-Kama region in 2005-2008

THE EFFECT OF HERBICIDES AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN IN THE STEPPE ZONE OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH OSSETIA – ALANIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-752
Author(s):  
A.A. Tedeeva ◽  
◽  
D.M. Mamiev ◽  
V.V. Tedeeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Ossetia

In winter wheat crops, the fight against weeds, together with the use of mineral fertilizers, which increase the yield and quality of the crop by reducing the removal of nutrients from the soil, is an urgent production task. The purpose of the research is to develop methods for increasing the yield of winter wheat with the combined use of herbicides and mineral fertilizers. Field experiments were carried out in the steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania in 2017–2019. The soil of the plot is chestnut calcareous. Weather conditions during the years of the research were favorable. The object of research is the high-yielding winter wheat variety Utrish. Mineral fertilizers stimulate the vital activity of soil microorganisms and enhance the cycle of biological transformation of plant nutrients, and herbicides have an inhibitory effect on cellulose-decomposing microorganisms, which ultimately reduces the rate of cellulose decomposition. Cellulose decomposed most intensively on backgrounds where mineral fertilizers were used. In control variant 3, the determination period, cellulose decomposed by 29.8%, against an average background (N60P60K60) by 40.2%, and against an increased background (N90P90K90) – 43.6%. Herbicide Grench at a dose of 10 g/ha on backgrounds without fertilizers and with fertilizers in different doses ensured the death of weeds during the growing season by 76.6 ... 89.2%. The herbicide Luvaram (1.6 l/ha) also provided high weed death – 56.4–62.6%. The application of a tank mixture (Grench 5 g/ha + Luvaram 0.8 l/ha) reduced weed infestation of winter wheat crops by 85.3–89.2% on different backgrounds of fertilization. The highest yield and profitability in the experiment were noted in the variant of the combined use of mineral fertilizers and herbicides. The level of profitability against the background of medium doses of mineral fertilizers (N60P60K60) was 130–150%, and against an increased background (N90P90K90) – 149–169%.

Specific composition and structure of population phytopathogens of vegetable crops

2019 ◽  
Vol 326 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-78
Author(s):  
V.L. Nalobova ◽  
◽  
N.S. Opimah ◽  
M.V. Nalobova ◽  
I.V. Haponenka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Specific Composition ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Structure Of Population

Establishment theoretical of recommendation fertilization guide of vegetable crops in Algeria: concept and validation

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 606-620
Author(s):  
Mahtali Sbih ◽  
Zoubeir BENSID ◽  
Zohra BOUNOUARA ◽  
Fouad DJAIZ ◽  
Youcef FERRAG
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendation ◽  
Continuous Models ◽  
Poor Soil

The goal of fertilization is to meet the nutritional needs of plants by completing the supply of soil nutrients in an economically profitable and environmentally friendly. Achieving on-farm optimum economic crop yields of marketable quality with minimum adverse environmental impact requires close attention to fertilization guide. The recommendations seek to do this by ensuring that the available supply of plant nutrients in soil is judiciously supplemented by additions of nutrients in fertilizers. The objective is that crops must have an adequate supply of nutrients, and many crops show large and very profitable increases in yield from the correct use of fertilizers to supply nutrients. The main objective of this work is to establishing a reference guide of fertilization of vegetable crops and cereal in Algeria. To meet this objective, we have processes in two steps: 1) Establishment of theoretical fertilizer recommendation from international guide of crop fertilization; 2) Validation of these developed theoretical fertilizer recommendation by trials in the fields. Sixteen fertilization guides of vegetable crops from the Canadian provinces (5 guides), USA (10 guides) and countries of northern Europe England (1 guide). Generally, the rating of these recommendation is ranging from poor soil to soil exceedingly rich; however, the numbers of fertility classes are very different. Indeed, Quebec Ontario, Minnesota, Wisconsin New England, Maryland and Kentucky and Florida guides are subdivided into 5 fertility classes, ranging from poor soil to soil exceedingly rich. The recommendation of New Brunswick and Manitoba contain six classes. The recommendation of Michigan, Nova Scotia and England contain 10 and 7 fertility classes respectively. The recommendation fertilizer of New York and New Jersey have 3classes. Unlike the systems of fertilization recommendation mentioned above, the recommendation fertilizer of Pennsylvania is based on continuous models of P, K and contains 34 classes for P and 22 classes K. Then we standardized the P soil analysis with conversion equations (Olsen method) and units of measurement (kg/ha, mg/kg…).Following this procedure we transformed discontinued systems of fertility classes in to continuous models to facilitate comparison between the different fertilization recommendation models in one hand, in other hand to obtain critical value (CV).Finally, we used statistics of the conditional expectation in order to generate the theoretical recommendation fertilization guide of fertilization with 7 fertility classes (VL, L, M, MH, OP, H and VH). The next step was calibrating soil tests against yield responses to applied nutrient in field experiments. A database (not published data) from agriculture and agri-food Canada, were used. Production of pumpkin responded positively and significantly to P or K soil fertility levels, increases being observed with P more often than with K. According to the Cate-Nelson methods, the critical value of Olsen-P in the top 20 cm of soil was about 25 mg/kg: at values of greater than or equal to 25 mg/kg, crops achieved about 80% of their maximal yield in the absence of fertilizer application. The CV of K in soil for this crop was about 140 mg/kg. The CV found was very close to this generated by the theoretical method for recommendation of fertilization guide. Finally, we used the procedure of Cope and Rouse in both sides of the CV in order to make subdivisions of different groups of soil fertility. One calibrates the soil-test value against yield response to tile nutrient to predict fertilizer requirement.

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