Challenges and Issues of Female Primary Education: A Case Study of Rajanpur, Pakistan

The study attempted to examine the socio-cultural factors which create problems in female primary education; to determine the role of families/parents in female primary education and to examine the lack of school facilities that creates hindrance in the school enrolment of the children. The study population of the study was all parents whose children were primary school age by using the interview schedule. The researcher used the stratified simple random sampling and selected the 300 respondents for the study. The researcher used the SPSS software and did the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The findings of the study show that majority 155 (51.7) percent of the respondents were uneducated; majority 85(23.3) percent of the respondents whose monthly income was <6000; majority 95 (31.7) percent of the respondents were laborers; culture is significantly and positively correlated with parental and school facilities with p-values .011 and .000 respectively; furthermore, the parental attitude was significantly and positively correlated with school facilities with p-value .000. The results of ANOVA showed that the levels of cultural, parental, and school facilities among different academic qualifications of the household. The findings show that there is a significant difference in the levels of cultural, parental, and school facilities among different academic qualifications of the household with p-values .000, .000, and .000 respectively. The findings showed that there was a significant difference in the levels of cultural, parental, and school facilities among different monthly income levels of the household with p-values .000; .000, and .000 respectively. The study recommended that government may have to pay attention in the studied area; construct new schools, give scholarships to needy students and start awareness seminars at the local level.

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PERBANDINGAN KECEMASAN SISWA YANG MELAKUKAN PERILAKU KENAKALAN REMAJA DI SMA SWADHARMA MOPUGAD DAN SMA SWADHARMA WERDHI AGUNG KECAMATAN DUMOGA KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.3.3.2015.10152 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

I Gusti Bagus Magitojaya ◽

Jehosua S. V. Sinolungan ◽

Lydia David

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Juvenile Delinquency ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Senior High School ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Independent Test ◽

Anxiety Levels

Abstract: Nowadays, phenomeneon of juvenile delinquency has been spreading widely. Particularly to students, they usually perform juvenile delinquency that would harm themselves and finally trouble their minds due to consquences they are going to face. This study aimed to investigate the comparison of anxiety levels among students who performed juvenile delinquency. This was an analytical observational study with a cross sectional design. Subjects were 86 students of Swadharma Mopugad High School and Swadharma Werdhi Agung Senior High School obtained by using simple random sampling. Data were analyzed by using T independent test with α=0.005. The T independent test showed a t value of 0.457 and a p value of 0.649 (> 0.005) which indicated that there was no significant difference of anxiety levels among students who performed juvenile delinquency in both high schools. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between anxiety levels of students who performed juvenile delinquency in Swadharma Mopugad Senior High School and Swadharma Werdhi Agung Senior High School.Keywords: juvenile delinquency, anxietyAbstrak: Fenomena kenakalan remaja makin meluas dewasa ini. Hal ini tentunya dapat menimbulkan kecemasan pada siswa yang melakukannya mengingat sanksi yang bisa diperoleh akibat perbuatannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kecemasan siswa yang melakukan perilaku kenakalan remaja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu simple random sampling. Subyek penelitian ialah siswa kelas XI SMA Swadharma Mopugad dan siswa kelas XI SMA Swadharma Werdhi Agung dengan jumlah total 86 siswa. Data dianalisis dengan uji T Independent (α = 0,005). Hasil uji T Independent mendapatkan nilai t sebesar 0,457, p = 0,649, yang menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan tingkat kecemasan pada siswa yang melakukan kenakalan remaja di SMA Swadharma Mopugad dan SMA Swadharma Werdhi Agung. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan tingkat kecemasan yang bermakna pada siswa yang melakukan kenakalan remaja di SMA Swadharma Mopugad dan SMA Swadharma Werdhi Agung.Kata kunci: kenakalan remaja, kecemasan

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EFFECT OF AUDIO THERAPY USING AL-QUR'AN MURROTAL ON BEHAVIOR DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM

Belitung Nursing Journal ◽

10.33546/bnj.189 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 470-477

Author(s):

Anjar Astuti ◽

Suryono Suryono ◽

Melyana Nurul Widyawati ◽

Ari Suwondo ◽

Mardiyono Mardiyono

Keyword(s):

Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽

Alternative Therapy ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Behavioral Development ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

Background: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Audio therapy is considered as one of the complementary therapies to improve the behavior of children with autism.Objective: This study was to analysis the effectiveness of the Al-Qur'an murrotal audio therapy on behavioral development in children with autism.Methods: This study was a true-experimental research using pretest and posttest approach with control group. This research was conducted on November 2016 in the Autism Foundation of Semarang City. There were 30 samples were selected using simple random sampling, with 15 samples assigned in the experiment and control group. Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were used for data analysis in this study.Results: Results showed that there was a significant difference in the mean of behavioral development after given intervention between the experiment group and control group with p-value 0.034 (<0.05). The mean of behavioral development in the experiment group (4.53) was higher than the mean in the control group (3.47).Conclusion: The Al-Qur'an murrotal audio therapy is effective to develop behavior of children with autism. Therefore, it is expected that this audio therapy can be applied an alternative therapy for children with autism.

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Abstract 3916: Rapidly Improving Stroke Symptoms: Relation to Stroke Volumes and Discharge Disposition

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.43.suppl_1.a3916 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Clotilde Balucani ◽

Steven Levine ◽

Jane Khoury Khoury ◽

Pooja Khatri ◽

Jeffrey L Saver ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nursing Home ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

P Value ◽

Lesion Volume ◽

P Values ◽

Discharge Disposition ◽

Stroke Study ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Discharge Status ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Modeling

Background: Rapidly improving stroke symptoms (RISS) is a frequently cited reason for not giving IV rt-PA. However, prior studies have suggested that outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients presenting with RISS is not invariably benign. This raises the possibility that stroke-related disability may be relatively common after RISS. Objective: To explore both discharge disposition and 3-month CT lesion volume in patients with and without RISS based on various pre-specified definitions in The NINDS rt-PA Stroke Study cohort. Methods: The NINDS rt-PA Stroke Study dataset was used to compare baseline to 2-hour NIH Stroke Scale scores (NIHSSS). We calculated baseline NIHSSS - 2hr NIHSSS (positive = improvement [IMP], negative = worsening). Definitions of RISS were raw change in NIHSSS (≥ 4 point IMP) and percent change in NIHSSS (≥ 25% IMP and ≥ 50% IMP). Chi-square and multiple logistic regression modeling were used to assess the association of RISS with outcomes measures. Discharge disposition included: home; relative/friend; rehabilitation; nursing home; death; other. CT lesion volume was based on the 3-month CT scan as previously calculated as a pre-specified secondary outcome of the 2 trials. Results: In the 624 subjects, RISS frequency depended on definition used. Frequencies (all %s) of RISS compared to no-RISS who were discharged Home were 55 vs. 30 for ≥ 4 point IMP, 64 vs. 23 for ≥ 25% IMP, and 78 vs. 30 for ≥ 50% IMP. Frequencies for Discharge to Rehabilitation (RISS vs. no-RISS) were: 1 vs. 36, 14 vs. 41, and 10 vs. 36. Nursing Home discharge frequencies were: 5 vs. 11, 4 vs. 12, and 1 vs. 11. Across all definitions of RISS there was a significant difference in discharge status favoring RISS (all p values < 0.001). Three-month CT lesion volumes (cm3): for RISS ≥ 4 point IMP were: 7.51 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.52, 12.34] vs. no-RISS 19.95 (CI: 2.71, 26.42); for RISS ≥ 25%: 4.64 (CI: 1.07, 7.41) vs. no-RISS 25.96 (CI: 2.99, 33.96); for RISS ≥ 50% IMP: 3.14 (CI: 0.44, 6.36) vs. no-RISS 19.75 (CI: 2.73, 25.50). All p values <0.001.There were no statistically significant rt-PA treatment interactions for CT volume (lowest p-value 0.28) and for discharge status (lowest p-value 0.13). Conclusions: Post hoc exploratory analyses suggest that based on all definitions of RISS used, those patients with RISS were consistently and significantly discharged to a more favorable location than those without RISS. These findings were also consonant with CT lesion volumes at 3 months being significantly smaller for each definition of RISS vs. no RISS. However, while patients with RISS do better in these exploratory outcomes, they still commonly have evidence of cerebral infarction and approximately 2 of 3 with ≥ 4 point IMP and 1 in 5 with at least 50% IMP are not discharged home.

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An interventional study on sleep hygiene among medical students

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20170254 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 352 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cynthia Subhaprada S. ◽

Vijayakumari S. ◽

Rajasekhar T. ◽

Venkateswarlu U.

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Daytime Sleepiness ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Sleep Hygiene ◽

P Value ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test

Background: Sleep deprivation, a common problem among undergraduate students, leads to daytime sleepiness and poor academic performance. The purpose of this study is to describe sleep hygiene among medical students and to measure effect of sleep hygiene educational intervention.Methods: An interventional cross-sectional study was carried out from September to October, 2015 among II MBBS students, Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India. Excessive daytime sleepiness was assessed by the Epworth sleepiness scale. Predesigned questionnaire was administered as pretest followed by health educational intervention session to 100 subjects selected by simple random sampling, and a post test two weeks later. Data entered in MS Excel 2007, was analyzed using IBM SPSS 20. Difference in means tested by paired t test and Chisquare test was used to test association between variables, with p value <0.05 considered significant.Results: 100 study subjects, 48 of 7 semester and 52 of 5 semester, had a mean (+SD) age in years, 20.2±0.58 and19.71±0.61 respectively. 57% were females. A statistically significant association between daytime sleepiness prevalence by semester was found. (Pretest X2 = 7.83, post test X2 = 7.19, p value <0.01). Weekend sleep schedules showed 2 hours increase than weekdays, in 40% (5 semester) and 30% (7 semester). 20% of study subjects had Epworth score 10-24, so expert medical advice is needed. A statistically significant difference was observed in sleep hygiene post intervention (t=2.010, p= 0.05).Conclusions: Daytime sleepiness was the most common problem encountered in this study. Sleep hygiene education promotes healthy sleeping habits.

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ANALISIS KOMPARATIF PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KENTANG VARIETAS SUPERJOHN DAN VARIETAS GRANOLA L DI DESA PINASUNGKULAN UTARA KECAMATAN MODOINDING

AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI ◽

10.35791/agrsosek.14.1.2018.19187 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 125

Author(s):

Neni ., Nuraeni ◽

Rine ., Kaunang ◽

Lorraine W. Th. Sondak

Keyword(s):

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Potato Production ◽

T Test ◽

Farm Income ◽

P Value ◽

Test Results ◽

Average Income ◽

Two Samples ◽

Significant Difference

The objective of this research is to know the comparison of Superjohn varieties and varieties of Granola L in Pinasungkulan Utara Village, Modoinding District. The location of the study was determined purposively (purposive sampling), the determination of the number of samples taken by census (Saturated Sampling) for farmers varieties Granola L as much as 20 farmers and 20 farmers Superjohn varieties taken simple random (Simple Random Sampling). The method of analysis used in this research is the analysis of farm income and komaparatif analysis by using t-test two samples Independent Sample T-test. The results showed that the average income of farmers Superjohn varieties is Rp.70.062.947,00 lower than the average income obtained by farmers varieties Granola L Rp.87.029.058,00. It can be seen that the average income difference between the two varieties is Rp.16.960.111,00. Based on statistical test results with MINITAB Program, the calculation of income per hectare obtained significant value of P-Value of 0.01 at α 5% that is 0,01 < 0,05. This means that H0 is rejected and H1 is tested for the fact that there is a significant difference between Superjohn varieties potato production income and Granola L varieties.

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Predictors of Death in Severe COVID-19 Patients at Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study

10.1101/2020.10.07.20205575 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Endalkachew H. Maru ◽

Tigist W. Leulseged ◽

Ishmael S. Hassen ◽

Wuletaw C. Zewde ◽

Nigat W. Chamesew ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Care Center ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Case Control ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

P Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Control Study

ABSTRACTBackgroundAs the number of new cases and death due to COVID-19 is increasing, understanding the characteristics of severe COVID-19 patients and identifying characteristics that lead to death is a key to make an informed decision. In Ethiopia, as of September 27, 2020, a total of 72,700 cases and 1165 deaths were reported.ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the determinants of death in Severe COVID-19 patients admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia.MethodsA case-control study of 147 Severe COVID-19 patients (49 deaths and 98 discharged alive cases) was conducted from August to September 2020. A comparison of underlying characteristics between cases (death) and controls (alive) was assessed using a chi-square test and an independent t-test with a p-value of <0.05 considered as having a statistically significant difference. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to assess a statistically significant association between the predictor variables and outcome of Severe COVID-19 (Alive Vs Death) where Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR), 95% CIs for AOR, and P-values were used for testing significance and interpretation of results.ResultsHaving diabetes mellitus (AOR= 3.257, 95% CI= 1.348, 7.867, p-value=0.00), fever (AOR=0.328, 95% CI: 0.123, 0.878, p-value= 0.027) and Shortness of breath (AOR= 4.034, 95% CI= 1.481, 10.988, p-value=0.006) were found to be significant predictors of death in Severe COVID-19 patients.ConclusionsThe outcome of death in Severe COVID-19 patients is found to be associated with exposures to being diabetic and having SOB at admission. On the other hand, having a fever at admission was associated with a favorable outcome of being discharged alive.

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Comparison of Three Topical Fluorides Using Computer Imaging

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.30.2.04746702m229p556 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 139-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Muhammad Faisal Khattak ◽

John Patrick Conry ◽

Ching-Chang Ko

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Study ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Fluoride Varnish ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

P Value ◽

P Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Topical Fluorides

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the short and long-term effectiveness of fluoride varnish and compare it with the two most commonly used topical fluorides, i.e., fluoride gel and foam.A second purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of these preparations on primary and permanent teeth. Enamel slabs with a thickness of 500 microns were obtained from caries free primary molars and premolars. They were divided into four groups: control, foam (F), gel (G) and varnish (V). Fluorides were applied to the enamel slabs according to the manufacturer's instructions and were placed in a 5.1 pH acidic gel for one week. The amount of demineralization from the enamel was measured by calculating the amount of light reflected from these surfaces. This was done by using a Charged Couple Device attached to a high resolution microscope with image processing software, Optima 5.22. The enamel slabs were placed in a freshly prepared acidic gel for a second week without application of fluorides. This was done to mimic a situation where fluoride is eventually brushed away from teeth. Reflective images were recorded under the previously described conditions. A two-way analysis of covariance was used to compare the treatments. The results showed no statistically significant difference (with Bonferroni correction) in the effectiveness of different fluoride preparations over the short-term (Week I comparison; p-values: F vs. G 0.079, F vs.V 0.030, G vs.V 0.44). However, the long-term protection provided by fluoride varnish was far more than fluoride gel and foam (Week II comparison; p-values: F vs. G 9X10-5 , F vs.V 7X10-8, G vs.V 1X10-4). Fluorides were equally effective for both primary and permanent enamels (p-value 0.24). The results of this study suggest that fluoride varnish is beneficial for use with white spot lesions, newly erupted permanent teeth and early decalcification in primary dentition.

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Problem Solving Skills of Students at the Faculty of Sports Sciences

International Education Studies ◽

10.5539/ies.v13n6p180 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 180

Author(s):

Taner Yilmaz ◽

Şihmehmet Yiğit

Keyword(s):

Problem Solving ◽

Personal Information ◽

Income Level ◽

P Value ◽

Monthly Income ◽

Problem Solving Skills ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Personal Variables ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sports Sciences

The aim of this study is to determine the problem-solving skills of students studying at the Faculty of Sports Sciences of Uşak University and to examine individuals in terms of their personal variables. 290 students, 85 female and 205 male, participated in the study voluntarily at Uşak University Faculty of Sport Sciences. As a data collection tool in the research; “Personal Information Form” and “Problem Solving Inventory (PSI)” developed by Heppner and Peterson were used to determine problem solving skills.According to the normality test results performed to determine the appropriate analysis method for the data, the p-value for the problem solving scale was greater than 0.05. The total scores of the problem-solving scale match the normal distribution. For this reason, while investigating the significant differences, the parametric tests; t-test and ANOVA were used.No significant difference was found between the gender, age variable, monthly income level, monthly income level of families, education level of the parents, the region where the students live, the high school variable that the students graduated from, and the total scores of these students’ problem solving skills (p>0.05). As a result, according to the findings; it has been determined that sports have positive effects on the problem solving skills of the students at the Sport Sciences Faculty.

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PERBEDAAN TINGKAT KEMANDIRIAN PADA ANAK PRASEKOLAH (3-5 TAHUN) YANG MENGIKUTI PAUD dan TIDAK MENGIKUTI PAUD KOTA PEKALONGAN

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kesehatan ◽

10.33666/jitk.v9i1.61 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ni’matul Ulya ◽

Pedvin Ratna Meikawati ◽

Putri Andanawarih

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Early Childhood Education ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Childhood Education ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Quota Sampling

Salah satu prinsip dasar PAUD memberikan rangsangan pendidikan mencakup semua aspek perkembangan anak termasuk perkembangan kemandirian anak.Salah satu hal penting dalam perkembangan anak umur 3-5 tahun adalah perkembangan sikap sosialnya.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat sosialisasi anak prasekolah (3-5 tahun) yang mengikuti PAUD dan tidak mengikuti PAUD.Penelitian menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif komparatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasinya adalah 164 anak usia prasekolah (3-5 tahun) di Kelurahan Medono Kota Pekalongan. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan simple random sampling untuk 40 anak prasekolah yang mengikuti PAUD dan quota sampling untuk 40 anak prasekolah yang tidak mengikuti PAUD. Analisis univariat menggunakan tabel distribusi frekuensi dari setiap variabel, sedangkan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji statistik kruskal wallis untuk menguji hipotesis komparatif dua sampel independen.Hasil penelitian tingkat kemandirian anak yang mengikuti PAUD sebagian besar dalam kategori sedang (62,5 %) dan tidak mengikuti PAUD sebagian besar dalam kategori sedang (82,5 %) dan kurang (10 %). Melalui uji independent kruskal wallis didapatkan p value = 0,000 < α (0,05), sehingga disimpulkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan tingkat sosialisasi anak prasekolah yang mengikuti PAUD dan tidak mengikuti PAUD.Kata Kunci : Kemandirian, Anak Prasekolah, PAUDOne of the basic principles of early childhood education provides educational stimulation covering all aspects of child development including the development of child self-reliance. One important thing in the development of children aged 3-5 years is the development of social attitudes. The purpose of this study to determine the difference in the level of socialization of preschoolers (3-5 years ) who follow PAUD and do not follow PAUD.The research used descriptive comparative research design with cross sectional approach. The population is 164 preschoolers (3-5 years old) in Medono Urban Pekalongan City. Sampling technique with simple random sampling for 40 preschool children who follow PAUD and quota sampling for 40 preschool children who do not follow PAUD. The univariate analysis used the frequency distribution table of each variable, while the bivariate analysis used a crucial wallist statistic test to test the comparative hypothesis of two independent samples.The results of the research on the independence level of children following the early childhood education were mostly in the medium category (62.5%) and did not follow the PAUD mostly in the medium category (82.5%) and less (10%). Through independent test kruskal wallis obtained p value = 0,000 <α (0,05), so it is concluded there is significant difference of level of socialization of preschool children who follow early childhood and not follow PAUD.Keywords: Independence, preschool children, PAUD

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Permanence of professionals who work in the Tuberculosis Control Program

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0403 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (5) ◽

pp. 1258-1264

Author(s):

Danielle Galdino de Paula ◽

Alexandre Sousa da Silva ◽

Tereza Cristina Scatena Villa ◽

Maria Catarina Salvador da Motta

Keyword(s):

Length Of Stay ◽

Local Level ◽

Family Health ◽

Control Program ◽

P Value ◽

Tuberculosis Control ◽

Basic Health ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tuberculosis Control Program ◽

Basic Health Units

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the length of stay of the professionals who work in the Tuberculosis Control Program in Basic Health Units of the city of Rio de Janeiro/RJ. Method: Sectional study, developed in eight Health Units of the Maré Complex/RJ. Physicians, nurses, nursing technicians and Community Health Agents of the Family Health Teams were interviewed. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to verify the existence of groups with the same distribution, and Dunn’s multiple comparison test with Bonferroni correction, to identify which group presented a difference. Results: Among Health Units, a significant difference was observed in the length of work (p-value = 0.0005909) and in the dwell time (p-value = 0.0003598). Conclusion: It was observed low length of stay of the professionals that work in the Basic Health Units. This result points to challenges inherent in the control of tuberculosis at the local level.

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