scholarly journals Impact of Migrant Populations on National Wellbeing: A Mixed Methods Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ahmed Zouhair ◽  
Ryan Lunsford
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
National Income ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Human Happiness ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Development Levels

The topic of human happiness is important to economic policy because life satisfaction (wellbeing) should be one of the main goals of national and international policymakers (Becchetti, Trovato, and Londono Bedoya (2011). The Human Development Index (HDI) is a tool the United Nations (UN) uses to measure and rank the social and economic development levels of countries (United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 2016). It targets four main areas: average number of years of education, expected years of education, life expectancy at birth, and gross national income per capita. However, it does not provide statistics related to migrant and refugee levels of wellbeing. Furthermore, there is limited scholarly research on current refugee and migrant populations in relation to measures of socioeconomic progress. The aim of this research is to determine the effect, if any, these populations have on the HDI of countries around the world. This study is based on a mixed-methods sequential exploratory design, first using quantitative research to analyze already published HDI results and then utilizing qualitative research methods, interviews, and surveys to explain the results in more detail (Creswell, 2014). The findings of this research will address a gap in the literature that relates to an important topic, how refugee and migrant populations affect the human development and level of wellbeing of the world’s countries.

scholarly journals HUMAN RESOURCES AS A FACTOR OF PROVIDING UKRAINE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM IN MODERN CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
N. I. Stavnycha
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Development ◽  
National Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth

The purpose of the article is to research and analyze indicators that directly effect on the level of country’s human resources development, and assessment of Ukraine’s rating place among other countries. The following methods of scientific research, such as generalization, comparison and analysis were used to achieve the goal. The attention is focused on the fact that in conditions of post-industrial economy, the role of human and its knowledge increase, resulting in implementing the human development concept. This concept is aimed at forming measures to prevent the population impoverishment, unemployment, loss of health by stimulating human development, increasing its role in society, and, at the same time, increasing responsibility to society. The main task of the concept is to ensure the welfare of the person. The article shows the comparative assessment of Ukraine’s ranking among other countries  according to the human development index and its components. The following indicators such as gross national income per capita, average and expected duration of training, average life expectancy at birth were analyzed. It was agreed that economic ability to create and use human resources to a greater extent determines human well-being and is the main criteria for assessing the social security level. Since the background for well-being is income, education, and human health, social security becomes an integrating link between the modern concept of human development and the state social policy. In this manner, everything that reduces welfare, harms a particular person and society as a whole are factors that threaten social security. In this context human resources emerged as a key resource to the state development.

scholarly journals The Role of Government and Governance in Human Development: A Study of very High Development Economies

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Gaur ◽  
Ravi Kant
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Very High

The study of human development has witnessed spectacular attention across the globe. The components of the Human Development Index (HDI) such as life expectancy at birth, literacy rate, and GNP per-capita income are the outcome of achieving appropriate economic growth of the nation provided that there are effective government expenditures in the economy. In the era of fiscal consolidation and neo-liberalism, it becomes seemingly essential to revisit the governance role in building human capital, especially in nations with very high human development. The study employed the data of nineteen very high human development countries as per the United Nations Human Development Report, across 2000 to 2016. The data has been collected from the World Bank and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) database. The study incorporates the role of government expenditure on various socio-economic aspects like education, health, and the military in the development of human capital, along with the role of Governance. The study deduced the facilitating role of Governance in the developmental process, even in countries with very high human development.

scholarly journals Variations in the Incidence and Mortality of Ovarian Cancer and Their Relationship with the Human Development Index in European Countries in 2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (08) ◽  
pp. 1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Mohammadian ◽  
Mahin Ghafari ◽  
Bahman Khosravi ◽  
Hamid Salehiniya ◽  
Mohammad Aryaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
National Income ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) has high incidence and mortality rates among the reproductive system cancers. This study investigated the relationship between the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of OC and Human Development Index (HDI) in European countries in 2012. Methods: This ecological study assessed the correlation between the ASIR and ASMR of OC and HDI and its components including life expectancy at birth, average years of schooling, and gross national income (GNI) per capita. Bivariate correlation analysis was used for assessing the correlation between the ASIR and ASMR of OC and HDI and its components. All reported P values were two-sided. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (Version 15.0, SPSS Inc.). Results: The maximum ASIR of OC was observed in Latvia, Bulgaria, and Poland. The highest ASMR of OC was observed in Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. The incidence and mortality rates of OC are expected to increase between 2012 and 2035. This increase will be more pronounced in women ≥ 65 years. HDI had a weak negative correlation with the ASIR of OC (r=- 0.213; P=0.186) and a weak positive correlation with the ASMR of OC (r=0.072; P=0.659). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, health policy makers must make appropriate decisions to deal with the increasing morbidity and mortality of OC, especially in women over 65 years of age, in regions with lower access to prevention and treatment services.

scholarly journals Assessment of Relative Efficiency of Countries in Attaining Human Development Sub Indexes

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mehrara ◽  
Majid Vaziri Duzin ◽  
Abolfazl Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
National Income ◽  
Dea Model ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Intrinsic Scale

Competitiveness and human development are two major aspects of nations’ performance. However, the main objective of competitiveness should be to improve human development. In the current study, we aimed to examine the relative efficiency of countries in achieving the aforementioned target. In other words, the question is whether competitiveness has led to human development. To this end, we selected 31 countries with the same category in human development (high human development) and also with available data on competitiveness and its components. Due to the nature of the study, we used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The model used in this study employed three subindexes of global competitiveness including basic requirements, efficiency enhancers, and innovation and sophistication factors as input variables and three subindexes of human development including life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, and per capita national income as output variables. Since, as noted, the goal of countries (DMUs) is to improve human development; this study employed an output-oriented DEA model. Though, a DEA model with either constant or variable return to scale could be used, this paper employs DEA with constant return to scale because variable case has extended to accommodate scale effects while in our case (where countries in the role of units under assessment are large enough) intrinsic scale effects do not exist and also CRS models have higher separable power for differentiating efficient and inefficient units. And finally after running the model we found that 9 out of 31 assessed countries are technically efficient which implies that these 9 countries have used competitiveness subindexes to attain expected values of human development sub-indexes. In 2012 Iran is an inefficient unit, having a technical efficiency rank of 19th among the assessed countries. As in this paper there are two kinds of variables, i.e. input and output variables, the most effective subindex which have lowered Iran’s rank are life expectancy at birth for input variables and efficiency enhancers for output variables. Moreover, Albania and Venezuela have been introduced as reference set for Iran in this year.

scholarly journals HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX OF UKRAINE: INDICATORS AND RATINGS

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Victor Teleshman
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
National Income ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World

The main purpose of the proposed paper is analysis of the current status and general trends of human development of Ukraine and selected indicators characterizing it. The methodology of the research draws upon the system-structural analysis and the methods of comparison, analysis, generalization and synthesis. The descriptive method and the method of scientific systematization were also used. Results. The four main components of the human development paradigm according to the 1995 Human Development Report are described, namely: productivity, equity, sustainability and empowerment. The essence of key indicators included in the system of measuring and monitoring human development is generalized, namely: average life expectancy at birth; the level of knowledge, measured by the average number of years spent on adult education and the expected years of study for first-graders; gross national income per capita in US dollars. The current state of human development in the world is analyzed, a rating of countries with the highest and lowest human development index during 1990-2018 is developed and the main causes of disparities in the level of human development between countries are identified. The countries with the largest increase and decrease in the human development index during the studied years are selected. The place of Ukraine in regional and global rankings is described. The dynamics of the human development index of Ukraine and neighboring countries during 1990-2018 is analyzed. The key issues that led to the economic, financial and political crisis and, consequently, the decline of the human development index in Ukraine since independence, including the global financial crisis of 2008 and the annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the occupation of the territory of the eastern regions of the state (Donetsk and Luhansk regions) are highlighted. The scientific novelty consists in the revelation of the actual features of human potential development and its individual indicators in Ukraine and in the world. The dynamics and the current state of development of the components of the human development index of Ukraine are determined. A comparative assessment of the dynamics of human development of Ukraine and neighboring countries is given. The practical significance lies in the fact that the main provisions and conclusions of the paper can be used in further in-depth studies of the problems and prospects of human development in Ukraine.

scholarly journals How Taxes Relate to Potential Welfare Gain and Appreciable Economic Growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorana Vatavu ◽  
Oana-Ramona Lobont ◽  
Petru Stefea ◽  
Daniel Brindescu-Olariu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
National Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Social And Economic Development

This paper investigates new insights into the effect taxation has on the welfare state, using Granger causality analysis, and focusing on both economic growth and human development as welfare components. Moreover, Granger causality allows us to determine whether or not there is a bidirectional causal relationship between taxes, growth, and human development. The analysis is based on a comparative study between part of the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries and the richest European Countries, over the period 1995–2015. Taxes are illustrated by different types of tax revenues to GDP ratio, economic growth is defined by gross domestic product and gross national income, while the human development index (HDI) included in the analysis is a composite measure used to rank countries based on their social and economic development level. Results confirm the fact that taxes support economic growth, but their impact on human development is rather limited. However, in countries with higher HDI, an increase in tax revenues is expected, but over long-term. This study confirms that taxes are an important instrument for governments, and should be used in economic growth. In addition, taxes are closely related to well-being, as citizens from countries with large HDI values are more likely to pay higher taxes over time. Therefore, practical tax reforms should imply an equilibrium between equity and a decent standard of living that supports life expectancy, increased tax revenues, and efficiency.

The Nexus between Financial Development and Human Development: The Case of Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Bilgehan Tekin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study to examine the relationship between financial development and human development in the health and welfare dimensions of developing countries. This study aims to determine whether the financial developments of the countries have an effect on the basic human development of the individuals and whether human development indicators have an impact on financial development. In this study, the relationship between financial development and human development has been tried to be revealed by using data obtained from developing countries. Financial development levels of the countries were measured with the developed financial development index. The index is calculated by using M3 / GDP, private sector loans / GDP and loans to banks from private sector / GDP ratios. The human development index is calculated by considering various health indicators and GNP per capita. The data includes annual data for the period 1970-2016. Pedroni and Kao cointegration analysis and Dumitrescu & Hurlin panel causality analysis were performed in the study. According to the results of the study, the cointegration relationship was determined between the two variables. There is also a two-way causality between the variables.

Human potential in the system of social and economic development: problems and prospects of Vinnytsia region

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Olesya Tomchuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Social And Economic Development

The article highlights the problems and prospects of human development, which is the basis for the long-term strategies of social and economic growth of different countries and regions at the present stage. Submitting strategies of this type provides an opportunity to focus on individual empowerment and to build a favorable environment for effective management decisions in the field of forming, maintaining, and restoring human potential. The analysis of the Vinnytsia region human potential dynamics in the regional system of social and economic development factors was carried out. Application of generalized assessment of the regional human development index components allowed the identification of the main trends that characterize the formation of human potential of the territory, including the reproduction of the population, social environment, comfort and quality of life, well-being, decent work, and education. The article emphasizes that despite some positive changes in the social and economic situation of the region and in assessing the parameters of its human development level relative to other regions of Ukraine, Vinnytsia region is now losing its human potential due to negative demographic situation and migration to other regions and countries. The main reason for such dynamics is proven to be related to the outdated structure of the region's economy, the predominance of the agricultural sector, the lack of progressive transformations in the development of high-tech fields of the economy. An important factor is the low level of urbanization of the region, which leads to the spread of less attractive working conditions and less comfortable living conditions. The key factors that cause the growth of urbanization in the region have been identified, including the significant positive impact of the transport and social infrastructure expansion, the lack of which in rural areas leads to a decrease in the level and comfort of life. Without progressive structural changes in the economy and the resettlement system, the loss of human potential will continue.

Revisiting Poverty, Human Development and Inequality in Democratic South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 097370302110329
Author(s):  
Vusi Gumede
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Development ◽  
South African ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
National Income ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Poverty Dynamics ◽  
The South ◽  
South African Society ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index

There are many questions related to poverty in South Africa that remain unsatisfactorily answered. Given the poor performance of the South African economy, including declining per capita incomes and increasing unemployment, since 2010 or so, it is important to examine poverty dynamics in the recent years. Many recent studies in this regard have relied on 2015 data, and do not examine all the three interrelated aspects of wellbeing viz. poverty, human development and inequality. In this context, this paper uses all the five waves of the National Income Dynamics Study and employs different poverty and inequality measurement techniques to investigate poverty dynamics, human development and inequality during the post-apartheid period in South Africa. The estimates suggest that although poverty was declining prior to the coronavirus pandemic, the African/Black population group is the most affected by poverty. The phenomenon of feminisation of poverty is also verified based on the evidence of increasingly more women in poverty than men. The proportion of population experiencing multiple deprivations, measured by the Multidimensional Poverty Index, have not changed in the post-apartheid period. Similarly, human development has not improved during this period. South African society continues to be one of the most unequal societies in the world. The paper argues that the inability to sufficiently reduce poverty, unemployment and inequality results from the weak performance of the South African economy. In the same vein, it is the structure of the South African economy that has kept the levels of human development low and income inequality high.

Joint displays for qualitative-quantitative synthesis in mixed methods reviews

2021 ◽  
pp. 263208432098437
Author(s):  
Ahtisham Younas ◽  
Shahzad Inayat ◽  
Amara Sundus
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Excellent Method ◽  
Levels Of Integration

Mixed methods reviews offer an excellent approach to synthesizing qualitative and quantitative evidence to generate more robust implications for practice, research, and policymaking. There are limited guidance and practical examples concerning the methods for adequately synthesizing qualitative and quantitative research findings in mixed reviews. This paper aims to illustrate the application and use of joint displays for qualitative and quantitative synthesis in mixed methods reviews. We used joint displays to synthesize and integrate qualitative and quantitative research findings in a segregated mixed methods review about male nursing students' challenges and experiences. In total, 36 qualitative, six quantitative, and one mixed-methods study was appraised and synthesized in the review. First, the qualitative and quantitative findings were analyzed and synthesized separately. The synthesized findings were integrated through tabular and visual joint displays at two levels of integration. At the first level, a statistics theme display was developed to compare the synthesized qualitative and quantitative findings and the number of studies from which the findings were generated. At the second level, the synthesized qualitative and quantitative findings supported by each other were integrated to identify confirmed, discordant, and expanded inferences using generalizing theme display. The use of two displays allowed in a robust and comprehensive synthesis of studies. Joint displays could serve as an excellent method for rigorous and transparent synthesis of qualitative and quantitative findings and the generation of adequate and relevant inferences in mixed methods reviews.

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