scholarly journals Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profiles and virulence genes of Vibrio spp. isolated from shrimp retails in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam)

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Trinh N. T. Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Vibrio Species ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Food Quality And Safety ◽  
Vibrio Spp

This study was conducted to determine the diversity of pathogenic Vibrio species, the antimicrobial resistance profile and the presence of virulence genes linked to food-borne pathogens of Vibrio spp. isolated from shrimp samples in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. A total of 40 raw shrimp batches were collected from retails markets (supermarket and street). All 133 test strains were isolated from 40 shrimp samples. V. parahaemolyticus was the most common species (87.5%), followed by V. navarrensis (60%), V. alginolyticus (52.5%), V. cholerae non-O1 (37.5%), V. vulnificus (22.5%), and V. fluvialis (10%). Vibrio spp. isolates were susceptible to 12 antimicrobial agents. The prevalence of ampicillin resistance was highest (82.7%), followed by cotrimoxazole (18.8%) and 3rd generation cephalosporins (16.5% cefotaxime and 8.3% ceftazidime). Extended spectrum β lactamase (ESBL) activity was detected in 28.1% V. parahaemolyticus isolates. None of tdh or trh virulence genes were detected. The results of this study indicated the presentation of Vibrio species in shrimp samples purchased in Ho Chi Minh City. Therefore, our results could be of great potential for the identification of Vibrio infection in shrimp samples taken from different regions to improve food quality and safety.

Inhibition of Bacterial Biofilm Formation by Phytotherapeutics with Focus on Overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 2807-2816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Su Jang ◽  
Tímea Mosolygó
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Scientific Attention

: Bacteria within biofilms are more resistant to antibiotics and chemical agents than planktonic bacteria in suspension. Treatment of biofilm-associated infections inevitably involves high dosages and prolonged courses of antimicrobial agents; therefore, there is a potential risk of the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Due to the high prevalence of AMR and its association with biofilm formation, investigation of more effective anti-biofilm agents is required. : From ancient times, herbs and spices have been used to preserve foods, and their antimicrobial, anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing properties are well known. Moreover, phytochemicals exert their anti-biofilm properties at sub-inhibitory concentrations without providing the opportunity for the emergence of resistant bacteria or harming the host microbiota. : With increasing scientific attention to natural phytotherapeutic agents, numerous experimental investigations have been conducted in recent years. The present paper aims to review the articles published in the last decade in order to summarize a) our current understanding of AMR in correlation with biofilm formation and b) the evidence of phytotherapeutic agents against bacterial biofilms and their mechanisms of action. The main focus has been put on herbal anti-biofilm compounds tested to date in association with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and food-borne pathogens (Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli).

scholarly journals Molecular characterisation of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrhoeic and healthy rabbits in Tunisia

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Raouia Ben Rhouma ◽  
Ahlem Jouini ◽  
Amira Klibi ◽  
Safa Hamrouni ◽  
Aziza Boubaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1

The purpose of this study was to identify <em>Escherichia coli</em> isolates in diarrhoeic and healthy rabbits in Tunisia and characterise their virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. In the 2014-2015 period, 60 faecal samples from diarrhoeic and healthy rabbits were collected from different breeding farms in Tunisia. Susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents was tested by disc diffusion method and the mechanisms of gene resistance were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing methods. Forty <em>E. coli</em> isolates were recovered in selective media. High frequency of resistance to tetracycline (95%) was detected, followed by different levels of resistance to sulphonamide (72.5%), streptomycin (62.5%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (60%), nalidixic acid (32.5%), ampicillin (37.5%) and ticarcillin (35%). <em>E. coli</em> strains were susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftazidime and imipenem. Different variants of bla<sub>TEM</sub>, <em>tet</em>, <em>sul</em> genes were detected in most of the strains resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and sulphonamide, respectively. The presence of class 1 integron was studied in 29 sulphonamide-resistant <em>E. coli</em> strains from which 15 harboured class 1 integron with four different arrangements of gene cassettes, <em>dfrA17</em>+<em>aadA5</em> (n=9), <em>dfrA1</em> + <em>aadA1</em> (n=4), <em>dfrA12</em> + <em>addA2</em> (n=1), <em>dfrA12</em>+<em>orf</em>+<em>addA2</em> (n=1). The <em>qnrB</em> gene was detected in six strains out of 13 quinolone-resistant <em>E. coli</em> strains. Seventeen <em>E. coli</em> isolates from diarrhoeic rabbits harboured the enteropathogenic eae genes associated with different virulence genes tested (<em>fimA</em>, <em>cnf1</em>, <em>aer</em>), and affiliated to B2 (n=8) and D (n=9) phylogroups. Isolated <em>E. coli</em> strains from healthy rabbit were harbouring <em>fim A</em> and/or <em>cnf1</em> genes and affiliated to A and B1 phylogroups. This study showed that <em>E. coli</em> strains from the intestinal tract of rabbits are resistant to the widely prescribed antibiotics in medicine. Therefore, they constitute a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant genes, which may play a significant role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance. In addition, the eae virulence gene seemed to be implicated in diarrhoea in breeder rabbits in Tunisia.

scholarly journals Prevalence, virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio species isolated from diseased marine fish in South China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqin Deng ◽  
Liwen Xu ◽  
Haoxiang Chen ◽  
Songlin Liu ◽  
Zhixun Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
South China ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Vibrio Species

scholarly journals The Impact of Water Intrusion on Pathogenic Vibrio Species to Inland Brackish Waters of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6781
Author(s):  
Qingyao Wang ◽  
Songzhe Fu ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
Jingwei Hao ◽  
Can Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Vibrio Species ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Inland River ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vibrio Spp

The estuary is the ecological niche of pathogenic Vibrio spp. as it provides abundant organic and inorganic nutrients from seawater and rivers. However, little is known about the ecology of these Vibrio species in the inland brackish water area. In this study, their co-occurrence and relationships to key environmental constraints (salinity and temperature) in the Hun-Tai River of China were examined using the most probable number polymerase chain reaction (MPN-PCR) approach. We hereby report 2-year continuous surveillance based on six water indices of the Hun-Tai River. The results showed that seawater intrusion maximally reached inland as far as 26.5 km for the Hun-Tai River. Pathogenic Vibrio spp. were detected in 21.9% of the water samples. In particular, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus were isolated in 10 (10.4%), 20 (20.8.5%), and 2 (2.08%) samples, respectively. All V. parahaemolyticus strains were tdh gene negative, 10% were positive for the trh gene. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) divided V. parahaemolyticus strains into 12 sequence types (STs) for the Hun-Tai River. Five STs were respectively present in various locations along the Hun-Tai River. The PCR assay for detecting six virulence genes and Vibrio seventh pandemic island I and II revealed three genotypes in 12 V. cholerae isolates. The results of our study showed that seawater intrusion and salinity have profound effects on the distribution of pathogenic Vibrio spp. in the inland river, suggesting a potential health risk associated with the waters of the Hun-Tai River used for irrigation and drinking.

Molecular detection of biofilm, virulence and antimicrobial resistance associated genes of Salmonella serovars isolated from pig and chicken of Mizoram, India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chakraborty ◽  
P. Roychoudhury ◽  
I. Samanta ◽  
P. K. Subudhi ◽  
Lalhruaipuii Lalhruaipuii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Salmonella Infections

Salmonella has emerged as one of the most important food-borne pathogens for humans as well as animals and the ability of biofilm formation by these bacteria has further aided their survival in unfavorable environment. Characterization of these biofilm producing bacteria isolated from pigs and chicken may lead to formulation of strategies for prevention and control of Salmonella infections. Therefore, the present study was conducted to isolate Salmonella from pigs and poultry of Mizoram, determine their biofilm producing ability by phenotypic and genotypic methods along with their virulence and antimicrobial resistance properties. A total of 15 Salmonella spp. (pig=9, poultry=6) was isolated from 100 faecal samples from pigs and 50 cloacal swabs from poultry and biofilm producing ability of the isolates was determined by microtiter plate assay. A total of 10 (66.67%) isolates were found to be biofilm producer. All the biofilm producing bacterial isolates were investigated for antimicrobial sensitivity and distribution of selected biofilm associated genes (csgA, csgD and adrA), virulence genes (invA, stn and sefA) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes (blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M). The most prevalent resistance was found against ceftazidime (80%), ceftriaxone (80%), cefixime (70%), cefotaxime (70%), gentamicin (70%), cotrimoxazole (60%) and ampicillin (60%). A total of 7 (70%) isolates were resistant to at least three different classes of antimicrobial agents and considered as multidrug resistant. All the isolates were positive for adrA (100%) but negative for csgA and csgD genes. The most frequent virulence gene was invA (100%) and stn (100%). Among the AMR genes, blaTEM (60%) was found to be the major AMR determinants. Moreover, a total of 7 Salmonella isolates were positive for at least one of t biofilm associated genes, virulence genes and AMR genes.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. harveyi Against Chloroxylenol (4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol , C8H9ClO) Antiseptic and Pine Oil Disinfectant

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-387
Author(s):  
Subagiyo Subagiyo ◽  
Ervia Yudiati ◽  
Nuril Azhar ◽  
Rabia Alghazeer
Keyword(s):  
Active Compound ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Vibrio Species ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Shrimp Pond ◽  
Pine Oil ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Vibrio spp. genus is known as a marine indigeneous bacteria. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and  V. harveyi are pathogenic Vibrio. This study aims to assess the sensitivity of three Vibrio species (V parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. harveyi) isolated from shrimp pond against two type of disinfectant with different active compound namely Chloroxylenol (4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, C8H9ClO) and pine oil. The assessment was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion methods in Zobell agar media with two different concentration (10 and 100 ppm) and replicated in three times. Sensitivity of Vibrio spp. was analized based on the inhibition zone activity produced by disinfectant. Results showed that sensitivity of Vibrio spp. against disinfectant Chloroxylenol 4.8% at 100 ppm were higher than 10 ppm. The increment of V parahaemolyticus was 182 %, V. vulnificus was 47 % and V. harveyi was 43 %, respectively.  Susceptibility of antiseptic with Chloroxylenol 4.8% at 100 ppm was arised to 152 % (V. parahaemolyticus), 43 % (V. vulnificus) and 31 % (V. harveyi) when compared to 2.5% pine oil disinfectant. It can be concluded that Chloroxylenol  4,8 % active compound and pine oil were able to inhibit the Vibrio spp. growth. 

scholarly journals Comparative Genomics of Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Vibrio spp. of Colombia: Implications of Traits Associated with Virulence and Resistance

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1605
Author(s):  
Alejandra Pérez-Duque ◽  
Andrea Gonzalez-Muñoz ◽  
Jorge Arboleda-Valencia ◽  
Lizbeth Janet Vivas-Aguas ◽  
Tania Córdoba-Meza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Vibrio Species ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
Vibrio Spp

There is widespread concern about the increase in cases of human and animal infections caused by pathogenic Vibrio species due to the emergence of epidemic lineages. In Colombia, active surveillance by the National Institute of Health (INS) has confirmed the presence of Vibrio; however, in routine surveillance, these isolates are not genomically characterized. This study focused on the pangenome analysis of six Vibrio species: V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. alginolyticus, V. fluvialis, V. diabolicus and V. furnissii to determine the genetic architectures of potentially virulent and antimicrobial resistance traits. Isolates from environmental and clinical samples were genome sequenced, assembled and annotated. The most important species in public health were further characterized by multilocus sequence typing and phylogenomics. For V. parahaemolyticus, we found the virulent ST3 and ST120 genotypes. For V. vulnificus, we identified isolates belonging to lineages 1 and 2. Virulence gene homologues between species were found even in non-pathogenic species such as V. diabolicus. Annotations related to the mobilome, integrative mobile and conjugative elements and resistance genes were obtained from environmental and clinical isolates. This study contributes genomic information to the intensified surveillance program implemented by the INS to establish potential sources of vibriosis in Colombia.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Vibrio spp. in Retail and Farm Shrimps in Ecuador

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 2089-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. SPERLING ◽  
T. ALTER ◽  
S. HUEHN
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Retail Markets ◽  
Early Mortality Syndrome ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease ◽  
Shrimp Farms ◽  
Vibrio Spp

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Vibrio spp. in shrimp at retail and in shrimp farms in Ecuador and to determine the antimicrobial agent resistance patterns of farm isolates. The presence of genes linked to early mortality syndrome (EMS) or acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) also was evaluated. Vibrio spp. were isolated from retail shrimps in Cuenca, Ecuador, and farm shrimps originating from provinces El Oro and Guayas, Ecuador. A total of 229 shrimp samples were collected, of which 71 originated from retail markets in Cuenca and 158 came from shrimp farms. Overall, 219 (95.6%) samples tested positive for Vibrio spp. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (80.8%) was the most common species detected, followed by Vibrio alginolyticus (50.2%), Vibrio cholerae (11.3%), and Vibrio vulnificus (3.5%). None of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates carried the virulence-associated tdh and trh genes. In V. parahaemolyticus shrimp farm isolates, high resistance was found to ampicillin (92.2%), and intermediate resistance was found to tetracycline (51.3%) and amikacin (22.1%). Of the V. parahaemolyticus strains, 68 were resistant to at least three antimicrobial agents, and 2 were resistant to seven antimicrobial agents simultaneously. Up to 18 resistant isolates were found for V. alginolyticus, whereas V. vulnificus and V. cholerae isolates were more susceptible. None of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates carried the EMS-AHPND plasmid. The results of this study revealed the ubiquitous occurrence of Vibrio spp. in shrimps at retail and on shrimp farms in Ecuador.

scholarly journals Determination of the frequency, species distribution and antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci isolated from dogs and their owners in Trinidad

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254048
Author(s):  
Sharianne Suepaul ◽  
Karla Georges ◽  
Chandrashekhar Unakal ◽  
Filip Boyen ◽  
Jamie Sookhoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

The close contact between humans and their dogs can lead to the commingling of staphylococci and the exchange of mobile genetic elements encoding antimicrobial resistance. The objectives of this study were to determine the species distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of staphylococci colonizing canine pets and their owners in Trinidad. Staphylococci were isolated from canine pets and their owners and identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against seven classes of antimicrobial agents. A total of 440 staphylococci were isolated from 112 canine pets and their owners, 53.4% were from canine pets and 46.6% were from owners. Twenty-four species were detected, of which, most isolates (32.5%) belonged to the Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG). S. sciuri was the most common species of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) comprising 22.3% of all isolates. Antimicrobial resistance was highest against commonly used antimicrobials, such as penicillin (51.4%), tetracycline (26.1%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (18.6%). These antimicrobials also comprised the most common multidrug resistance (MDR) combination. Overall, 19.1% of isolates displayed multidrug resistance. No methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates were detected. However, methicillin resistance was detected in 13.3% and 15.1% of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) and the CoNS+CoVS (combined CoNS and coagulase-variable staphylococci) group respectively. The presence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci is worrisome because there is the potential for the transfer of these strains between dogs and humans. These strains may act as a reservoir of resistance genes.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes Distribution in Trueperella pyogenes Isolated from Dairy Cows with Clinical Mastitis in Liaoning of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (03) ◽  
pp. 329-334
Author(s):  
Yuru Guo
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Trueperella Pyogenes ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Trueperella pyogenes is considered as a causative agent of many infections, such as mastitis, endometritis, pneumonia, liver abscessation. T. pyogenes can express several virulence genes such as plo, fimA, cbpA, nanH and nanP contributing to its pathogenicity. The aim of this study was to provide an investigation about antimicrobial resistance, as well as virulence genes distribution and gene cassettes among T. pyogenes isolates from dairy cows with clinical mastitis. The susceptibility to different antimicrobial agents was determined by the Broth Microdilution Method, and virulence genes and gene cassette was detected by polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). There are 10.49% (17/162) of milk samples from dairy cows with mastitis were positive for T. pyogenes. High levels of resistance were found to clindamycin (23.53%), oxytetracycline (23.53%), ciprofloxacin (47.06%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (100%). Moreover, all isolates carried class I integrons, and gene cassette arrays were aadA9 (2/17) or aadA5-dfrA17 (3/17). Finally, all isolates harbored plo nanH and fimA genes, but other genes encoding virulence genes including fimC, fimE, nanP and cbpA are ranged from 47.06% to 88.23%. Our study showed T. pyogenes isolates from dairy cows with clinical mastitis were susceptible to β-lactams. In addition, all seven virulence genes occurred in isolates, and plo, nanH, and fimA gene showed a significantly higher frequency in T. pyogenes of the Liaoning Province, China.

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