Recent Infection With Black Fungus Associated With COVID-19: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1771-1773
Author(s):  
Ashwak Jasim Kzar ◽  
Tunjai Namiq Faiq ◽  
Ozdan Akram Ghareeb
Keyword(s):  
Health Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Fungus Infection ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

Recently, an emergency health problem erupted that worried the world, which is the black fungus infection associated with Covid-19, especially in India and some regions of the Middle East. The members of genus Rhizopus or Mucor resulted the common mucormycosis. Humans become infected by inhaling and depositing the spores of fungi in the tissues of the body. Rhinocerebral is the site most susceptible to infection . Several factors may have contributed to an increase in the incidence of mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19, including hypoxia, steroid-induced elevated blood glucose levels, and diminished phagocytic action of leukocytes due to immunosuppression, and non-sterile medical supplies. In addition, there is an unsanitary phenomenon resorting to some people in India, it is smearing the body with cow dung and urine, which may have a role in the spread of the black fungus infection. Proper use of both the dose and duration of steroids is essential to avoid an increase in cases of mucormycosis, especially when caring for critically ill COVID-19 patients. Keywords : Black fungus, infection, health problem.

scholarly journals Human as a phenomenon of unity of corporeal and spiritual in various-system languages (based on the material of euphemisms in the English and Buryat languages)

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Oyuna Tsydendambaeva ◽  
Olga Dorzheeva
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
The Body ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common

This article is dedicated to the examination of euphemisms in the various-system languages – English and Buryat that contain view of the world by a human, and the ways of their conceptualization. Euphemisms remain insufficiently studied. Whereupon, examination of linguistic expression of the key concepts of culture is among the paramount programs of modern linguistics, need for the linguoculturological approach towards analysis of euphemisms in the languages, viewing it in light of the current sociocultural transformations, which are refer to euphemisms and values reflected by them. The subject of this research is the euphemisms in the English and Buryat languages, representing the semiosphere “corporeal and spiritual”. The scientific novelty consists in introduction of the previously unexamined euphemism in Buryat language that comprise semiosphere “corporeal and spiritual” into the scientific discourse. The analysis of language material testifies to the fact that in various cultures the topic of intimacy and sex is euphemized differently. The lexis indicating the intimate parts of the body is vividly presented in the West, while in Buryat language – rather reserved. The author also determines the common, universal, and nationally marked components elucidating the linguistic worldview of different ethnoses and cultures.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Determination of Blood Glucose Levels by Optical Waveguide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Askarbioki ◽  
Mojtaba Mortazavi ◽  
Abdolhamid Amooee ◽  
Saeid Kargar ◽  
Mohammad Afkhami-Ardekani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Optical Waveguide ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Evanescent Waves ◽  
The Body ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Objective: Today, there are various non-invasive techniques available for the determination of blood glucose levels. In this study, the level of blood glucose was determined by developing a new device using near-infrared (NIR) wavelength, glass optical waveguide, and the phenomenon of evanescent waves. Materials and Methods: The body's interstitial fluid has made possible the development of new technology to measure the blood glucose. As a result of contacting the fingertip with the body of the borehole rod, where electromagnetic waves are reflected inside, evanescent waves penetrate from the borehole into the skin and are absorbed by the interstitial fluid. The electromagnetic wave rate absorption at the end of the borehole rod is investigated using a detection photodetector, and its relationship to the people's actual blood glucose level. Following precise optimization and design of the glucose monitoring device, a statistical population of 100 participants with a maximum blood glucose concentration of 200 mg/dL was chosen. Before measurements, participants put their index finger for 30 seconds on the device. Results: According to this experimental study, the values measured by the innovative device with Clark grid analysis were clinically acceptable in scales A and B. The Adjusted Coefficient of Determination of the data was estimated to be 0.9064. Conclusion: For future investigations, researchers are recommended to work with a larger statistical population and use error reduction trends to improve the accuracy and expand the range of measurements.

scholarly journals Dynamic Rule-Based Algorithm to Tune Insulin-on-Board Constraints for a Hybrid Artificial Pancreas System

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Bertachi ◽  
Lyvia Biagi ◽  
Aleix Beneyto ◽  
Josep Vehí
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Artificial Pancreas ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Control Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

The artificial pancreas (AP) is a system intended to control blood glucose levels through automated insulin infusion, reducing the burden of subjects with type 1 diabetes to manage their condition. To increase patients’ safety, some systems limit the allowed amount of insulin active in the body, known as insulin-on-board (IOB). The safety auxiliary feedback element (SAFE) layer has been designed previously to avoid overreaction of the controller and thus avoiding hypoglycemia. In this work, a new method, so-called “dynamic rule-based algorithm,” is presented in order to adjust the limits of IOB in real time. The algorithm is an extension of a previously designed method which aimed to adjust the limits of IOB for a meal with 60 grams of carbohydrates (CHO). The proposed method is intended to be applied on hybrid AP systems during 24 h operation. It has been designed by combining two different strategies to set IOB limits for different situations: (1) fasting periods and (2) postprandial periods, regardless of the size of the meal. The UVa/Padova simulator is considered to assess the performance of the method, considering challenging scenarios. In silico results showed that the method is able to reduce the time spent in hypoglycemic range, improving patients’ safety, which reveals the feasibility of the approach to be included in different control algorithms.

scholarly journals Assessment of Blood Glucose and Electrolytes during Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients of Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Abdul Haseeb ◽  
Mohammad Hassaan Khan ◽  
Akash Khetpal ◽  
Muhammad Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Blood Electrolytes ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION: </strong>Perioperative hyperglycemia has been shown to be related to higher levels of morbidity and mortality in patients on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), both diabetic and non-diabetic. Blood electrolytes, like sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride play a very important role in the normal functioning of the body and can lead to a variety of clinical disorders if they become deficient. A minimal number of studies have been conducted on the simultaneous perioperative changes in both blood glucose and electrolyte levels during CPB in Pakistan. Therefore, our aim is to record and compare the changes in blood glucose and electrolyte levels during CPB in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.</p><p><strong>MATERIALS &amp; METHODS: </strong>This was a prospective, observational study conducted on 200 patients who underwent CABG with CPB, from October 2014 to March 2015. The patients were recruited from the Cardiac Surgery Ward, Civil Hospital Karachi after they complied with the inclusion criteria. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the trend of the changes perioperatively for the two groups.</p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>There was no significant difference in changes in blood glucose between the two groups (<em>P</em> = 0.62). The only significant difference detected between the two groups was for PaCO<sub>2</sub> (<em>P</em> = 0.001). Besides, further analysis revealed insignificant group differences for the trend changes in other blood electrolytes (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05).</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>Our findings highlighted that there is no significant difference in blood electrolytes changes and the increase in blood glucose levels between diabetic and non-diabetic patients.</p>

Biofilm formation capacity of S. aureus under diabetic environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Fernández Grajera ◽  
María Coronada Fernández Calderón ◽  
Miguel A. Pacha Olivenza ◽  
Ciro Pérez Giraldo ◽  
Amparo M. Gallardo Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Clustering Behavior

&lt;p&gt;Diabetes increases the blood glucose levels above those of healthy individuals and poorly controlled diabetes is associated to ketoacidosis. Different authors have shown evidences that diabetes is linked to a higher risk of developing infections in different parts of the body. Although the reasons why diabetes enhances infection episodes are not entirely clear, different undesired physiological responses under diabetic environments are pointed out as the main causes, for example, inflammatory reactions, poor vascularization, neutrophilic chemotaxis or phagocytosis. However, it has so far not been quantified how high concentrations of glucose and ketone bodies can affect the beginning of the infectious process, i.e. the formation of biofilms.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;In this sense, this research will address how the presence of glucose and ketone bodies can alter the biofilm formation capacity of Staphylococcus aureus. The research will be carried out with six different diabetic conditions, including the individual action of both components (glucose and ketone bodies) and the combined action.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The main conclusion of this work is that any studied diabetic condition is able to increase the slime index of S. aureus with respect to control (bacteria grown without diabetic supplements), so the biofilm formation capacity of this bacterium would rise in diabetic people. In addition to the change that can be as high as 400% in glucose concentrations of 1.9 mg/ml, the clustering behavior among the bacteria is also modified at all condition differently.&lt;/p&gt;

Fetal Liver-Derived Stem Cells Ameliorate Immune Functions in Leptin Receptor-Deficient Mice

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 5417-5417
Author(s):  
Ming Li ◽  
Yasushi Adachi ◽  
Susumu Ikehara
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Abstract Fetal liver (FL) contains hepatic stem cells, hematopietic stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells, as well as pluripotent stem cells and very small embryonic-like stem cells. FL has thus been available as a source of stem cells for regenerative medicine. Our previous report suggested that combining FL cell transplantation with the transplantation of fetal thymus prevented tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, in animal models, intra bone marrow-bone marrow transplantation (IBM-BMT) has proven to be the best approach for allogenic BMT. We here propose that transplanting FL cells by IBM-BMT can improve immune functions in leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice. FL cells were collected from FLs of C57BL/6 mice at 16 days post coitum, and then transplanted by IBM-BMT to leptin receptor deficent mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes with obesity. Our results showed that the body weight was significantly lowered in the treated db/db mice than in the sham-treated db/db mice. The plasma IL-6 level significantly decreased and adiponectin level significantly increased after the transplantation of FL cells. Blood glucose levels also significantly decreased although not to within the normal range. This is the first report that the transplantation of FL cells may improve immune function, resulting in increased adiponectin levels, and decreased body weight in db/db mice. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Adrenal Insufficiency in the Term and Preterm Neonate

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Witt
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Preterm Neonate ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

The adrenal gland is part of the endocrine system and produces hormones that are essential for survival. The adrenal cortex, the largest part of the adrenal gland, produces three major hormones. Glucocorticoids regulate metabolism of glucose, protein, and fat and allow the body to respond to stress by increasing blood glucose levels and cardiac output. Mineralocorticoids regulate fluid and electrolyte balance and help maintain blood pressure. Androgens are responsible for sexual differentiation in the fetus.Insufficient production of these hormones can occur for many reasons and can have a profound effect on the newborn. It is important for neonatal nurses to be familiar with signs and symptoms and appropriate treatment of adrenal insufficiency. This article explores causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment of adrenal insufficiency in the newborn.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antidiabetes Ekstrak Air-Etanol, n-Heksan, dan Etil Asetat Uwi Banggai (Dioscorea alata L.) Dengan Metode Induksi Aloksan Pada Mencit Jantan (Mus musculus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khildah Khaerati ◽  
Delina Amini ◽  
Ihwan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Test Preparation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Dioscorea Alata ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Hyperglycemia is a condition of increased blood glucose levels caused by insufficient insulin enzymes produced to control blood sugar levels in the body. This study aimed to determine the activity of ethanol-water, nhexane, and ethyl acetate extracts of Dioscorea alata L. in reducing blood  glucose levels in hyperglycemia modeled mice that were given intraperitoneal alloxan induction. 25 white rats were divided into 5 groups of test animals. Each group consists of 5 mice. The first group was given 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution as a placebo, the second group was given 0.65 mg/kg BW glibenclamide as a positive comparison group, the third group was given the suspension of ethanol-water extract, the fourth group was given n-hexane extract, and the fifth group was given ethyl acetate extract at a dose of 140 mg/kg BW. The test preparation was orally given within 14 days of testing. The test was measured as the initial blood glucose levels of mice after alloxan induction and after giving the test preparation suspension. The results of the qualitative analysis illustrate that the water-ethanol extract can reduce blood glucose levels by 31.39%, n-hexane extract by 51.11%, and ethyl acetate extract by 50.77%. The results of quantitative analysis using One Way ANOVA method showed that the water-ethanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate extracts significantly decreased the blood glucose levels of mice. The best antidiabetic activity was ethyl acetate extract with a decrease in rat blood glucose levels by 169 mg/kg BW.

scholarly journals GIVING RED RICE (ORIZA NIVARA) TO CHANGE GLUCOSE LEVELS IN DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN KENDARI CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
La Ode Ardiansyah ◽  
Nawawi Nawawi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Background:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a phenomenon which the body  cannot  produce insulin supply which is indicated by increasing blood glucose levels. Red Rice (Oriza nivara) contains flavonoid compounds which have antidiabetic abilities. It can  reduce blood glucose by increasing insulin secretion and preventing insulin resistance. This study aims to determine the effect of giving brown rice (Oriza nivara) to change   blood glucose levels in people with diabetes mellitus in Kendari City. Methods: This research method was carried out with a quasi-experimental design with pre-post test design for 1 week with primary and secondary data collection techniques. The respondents  were  determined by proportional random sampling. Respondents in this study were 33 people with DM. Result:The results of the study on checking blood glucose levels before and after giving brown rice (oriza nivara) within 1 week obtained P value = 0.000 <  alpha 0.05. Conclusion: there is a  significant  effect of giving brown rice (oriza nivara) on changes in blood glucose level in diabetes mellitus people  in Kendari City.

scholarly journals Blood glucose regulating hormones and their physiological and biochemical roles

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Maqsuduulah Mujtahid
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Regulation and coordination of different body organs is important in multicellular organisms. Hormones and the nervous system participate in this synchronization. Hormones are the compounds and chemical messengers produced by cells, glands, or special tissues called the endocrine system and released into the bloodstream. In addition to the hormones, blood is consist of proteins, sugars, lipids, vitamins, etc. Blood sugar is glucose which produces energy in the body. Regular blood glucose levels vary at different ages and exceed 120-170 mg / dl. It is harmful and even fatal to increase or decrease it from the normal level, so the concentration of glucose dissolved in plasma was subject to tight regulation and various regulatory mechanisms were developed thereon. Hormones cortisol, glucagon, adrenaline, and glucocorticoids are the major regulators. These substances are tracked regularly to prevent blood glucose from rising and dropping. Insulin consists of hyperglycemia, as well as other hormones. The mechanism by which it affects the metabolism of the food (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins) prevents hypoglycemia in several respects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document