scholarly journals Intensifiers, Reflexive and Reciprocal Pronouns in Argobba Language, Ethio-Semitic

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Ousman Shafi Awol
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Linguistic Data ◽  
Reflexive Pronouns ◽  
Semitic Language ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
The Town ◽  
Statistical Agency ◽  
Administrative Center

Argobba is a South Ethio-Semitic language which is predominantly used in day-to-day communication by a population of about 140, 134 people in the Argobba Zone (Central Statistical Agency (2008:59), Ethiopia, whose linguistic features were not well described. The Argobba lives in the escarpment slopes of northeastern Shewa and southeastern Wollo, a minority of them are live in the adjoining settlements of the town of Harar in eastern Ethiopia.The Argobba make their living by cultivating plants, by breeding animals, weaving and by trade (Hussein, 2006:416). Most of the Argobba people are followers of Islam. As a result, the Islamic religion greatly influences the culture as well as the living style of the society. The central aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive description and features of Intensifiers, reflexive and reciprocal pronouns of the Argobba language. The paper is descriptive in natureonly in Argobba language not comparing with other languages, since the study is mainly concerned with describing what is actually being in, and mainly relies on primary linguistic data. The linguistic data, i.e. the elicited grammatical data concerning Intensifiers, reflexive and reciprocal pronouns, was collected from native speakers of the language during 6 months of fieldwork conducted between 2015 and 2016 in five Kebeles and the administrative center of the Argobba. Intensifiers in Argobbaare derived from the noun ‘self’, which has the meaning ‘self’ as intensifier, or its reduplicated form ‘self with self’. Reflexive pronouns are formed by combining ‘self’ with the possessive suffixes while reciprocal pronouns can be formed through a construction consisting of the comitative morpheme, which intersects between the reduplicated noun ‘self’, and the plural possessive suffixes.

The Role of Emergent Bilingualism in the Development of Morphological Awareness in Arabic and Hebrew

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mila Schwartz ◽  
Haitham Taha ◽  
Hanan Assad ◽  
Ferdos Khamaisi ◽  
Zohar Eviatar
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Awareness ◽  
Home Language ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Word Structure ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Semitic Language ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
Linguistic Transfer

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of dual language development and cross-linguistic influence on morphological awareness in young bilinguals' first language (L1) and second language (L2). We examined whether (a) the bilingual children (L1/L2 Arabic and L1/L2 Hebrew) precede their monolingual Hebrew- or Arabic-speaking peers in L1 and L2 morphological awareness, and (b) 1 Semitic language (Arabic) has cross-linguistic influence on another Semitic language (Hebrew) in morphological awareness. Method The study sample comprised 93 six-year-old children. The bilinguals had attended bilingual Hebrew−Arabic kindergartens for 1 academic year and were divided into 2 groups: home language Hebrew (L1) and home language Arabic (L1). These groups were compared to age-matched monolingual Hebrew speakers and monolingual Arabic speakers. We used nonwords similar in structure to familiar words in both target languages, representing 6 inflectional morphological categories. Results L1 Arabic and L1 Hebrew bilinguals performed significantly better than Arabic- and Hebrew-speaking monolinguals in the respective languages. Differences were not found between the bilingual groups. We found evidence of cross-linguistic transfer of morphological awareness from Arabic to Hebrew in 2 categories−bound possessives and dual number−probably because these categories are more salient in Palestinian Spoken Arabic than in Hebrew. Conclusions We conclude that children with even an initial exposure to L2 reveal acceleration of sensitivity to word structure in both of their languages. We suggest that this is due to the fact that two Semitic languages, Arabic and Hebrew, share a common core of linguistic features, together with favorable contextual factors and instructional factors.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF THE ECONOMIC LOSSES POTENTIAL DUE TO UNDERWEIGHT TODDLERS IN INDONESIA IN 2013

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Brigitte Sarah Renyoet
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
The Government ◽  
Statistical Agency

Millions of children and adolescents in Indonesia today still show a high number of premature death in children who are moderately malnourished and severely malnourished. The research objective was to calculate the estimated economic losses potential due to underweight among toddlers in Indonesia. This was a descriptive research by analyzing secondary data of nutritional status and socio-economic indicators in 2013 from the Indonesian Ministry of Health and Central Statistical Agency. The formula to calculate potential economic loss is based on Konig’s formula (1995) and the correction factor from research by Horton (1999). The results showed that the average economic loss in 32 provinces in Indonesia is approximately IDR 93 billion – IDR 417 billion, which seen from the GRDP percentage, the economic loss due to a decrease in productivity amounted to 2% and 9% or about 0.1–0.7% of the average GRDP of the provinces in Indonesia. Nationally, economic losses due to low productivity in underweight toddlers reach IDR 3,054 billion – IDR 13,746 billion (0.04–0.2%) of Indonesia’s total GDP. The results of this study are expected to show that the importance of this issue was handled and can assist the government in planning for health and nutrition programs targeted to human resources in Indonesia qualifi ed and productive.

Daymamics of Multidimensional Food Security Measurement in Rural Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Adem
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Rural Ethiopia ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Food Insecure Households ◽  
Statistical Agency

Abstract Most studies measuring food security have used one or two of the dimensions of food security, with snapshot data at a particular point in time. Policies derived from such measurement might be misleading because of the dynamic nature of food security or insecurity in vulnerable populations. This paper presents a composite food security measure that captures the four dimensions of food security i.e., availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability over time. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the four dimensions into a single index. Data from three rounds of household-level panel data, collected by the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) of Ethiopia in collaboration with the World Bank are used to demonstrate this measurement. The aggregate food security indices result revealed that 44, 57, and 45 percent of households were food secured in 2011, 2013, and 2015 respectively. On the other hand, only 20 percent of households were food secured all the time while 67 percent of households termed as transitory food insecure since they remained food insecure at least in one of the survey periods. The rest 13 percent of households were also termed chronically food insecure since they fall short of food all the time of the study. The finding confirmed a high prevalence of multidimensionally food-insecure households in rural Ethiopia. Therefore, various food security intervention programs that enhance the four dimensions should be introduced.

scholarly journals Linguistic Markers and Stylistic Attributes of Hedging in English Academic Papers Written by Native and Non-Native Speakers of English

MANUSYA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Amara Prasithrathsint
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
English Academic Writing ◽  
The Impact

Hedging means mitigating words so as to lessen the impact of an utterance. It may cause uncertainty in language but is regarded as an important feature in English academic writing. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the style of academic writing in English with particular reference to the significant role of hedging and the linguistic features that mark it. The data was taken from academic articles in the humanities written by native speakers of English, Filipino speakers of English, and Thai speakers of English. It is hypothesized that speakers of English as a foreign language use fewer and different hedging devices than native speakers of English. The result of the analysis shows that the prominent linguistic markers of hedging are the auxiliaries may, might, could, the verbs suggest, appear, seem, and the adverbs perhaps and often. They are divided into three groups according to their stylistic attributes of hedging; namely, probability, indetermination, and approximation. The use of hedging found in the data confirms what Hyman (1994) says; i.e., that hedging allows writers to express their uncertainty about the truth of their statements. It is also found that English native speakers use hedges most frequently. The Filipino speakers of English are the second, and the Thai speakers of English use hedges the least frequency. This implies that hedging is likely to be related to the level of competence in English including knowledge of stylistic variation, and that it needs to be formally taught to those who speak English as a second or foreign language.

Grammatical features of a moribund coalminers’ language in a Belgian cité

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (258) ◽  
pp. 71-98
Author(s):  
Nantke Pecht
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Stable System ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Dialect Contact ◽  
Direct Information ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Audio Data ◽  
The Town

Abstract This article investigates grammatical features of Cité Duits, a moribund in-group coalminers’ language spoken in the town of Eisden in Belgian Limburg. Based on audio data from eight multilingual speakers collected through a method of sociolinguistic interviews in 2015, I show that certain features are a fusion of Belgian Dutch, German and the Maaslands dialect spoken in this area, in addition to ‘well-known’ and ‘new’ features. Since grammatical properties of this contact variety have hardly been researched yet, this contribution aims at filling this gap by providing a first analysis of selected morphosyntactic features including negation, bare NPs, non-inverted V3s and participle formation. Building on Aboh’s hybridity approach to the emergence of grammar (2017), I suggest that Cité Duits displays a recombination of linguistic features that have become part of a stable system over the decades. The basic idea is that speakers are capable of weaving together abstract properties of different varieties present in the input. Research on this mining language is therefore an extraordinary opportunity to investigate language and dialect contact, largely because of its recent emergence and direct information about the first generation of speakers and their social ties.

scholarly journals Processing reflexives in a second language: The timing of structural and discourse-level constraints

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA FELSER ◽  
IAN CUNNINGS
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
First Language ◽  
Nonnative Speakers ◽  
Binding Condition ◽  
Reflexive Pronouns ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Nonnative Speakers Of English ◽  
Language Influence

ABSTRACTWe report the results from two eye-movement monitoring experiments examining the processing of reflexive pronouns by proficient German-speaking learners of second language (L2) English. Our results show that the nonnative speakers initially tried to link English argument reflexives to a discourse-prominent but structurally inaccessible antecedent, thereby violating binding condition A. Our native speaker controls, in contrast, showed evidence of applying condition A immediately during processing. Together, our findings show that L2 learners’ initial focusing on a structurally inaccessible antecedent cannot be due to first language influence and is also independent of whether the inaccessible antecedent c-commands the reflexive. This suggests that unlike native speakers, nonnative speakers of English initially attempt to interpret reflexives through discourse-based coreference assignment rather than syntactic binding.

Regiolect vs dialect: new searches of ethnolinguists (reflections on the book: Donetsk Regiolect: monograph / edited by V.I. Terkulov. – Donetsk: Folio, 2018. – 265 p.)

Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 836-845
Author(s):  
Vasilii I. Suprun
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
The Relationship

We consider the relationship between the terms regiolect and dialect, and note that the regiolect has the following features: 1) geographically limited, found only on the territory of the subethnos’ residence; 2) socially limited, is the speech of people who consider themselves as a subethnos; 3) has homogeneous linguistic features; 4) may have prestige associated with positive ideas of native speakers about their subethnos; 5) has its own onomastic space consisting of special models of onym formation and onyms characteristic only for this subethnos; 6) includes dialects with some specific linguistic features, but do not destroy the homogeneous unity of folk speech; 7) presented in folklore, artistic and publicistic texts. In the book review of Donetsk linguists “Donetsk Regiolect” we note that the authors convincingly prove the existence of analyzed idiom., which: 1) is limited to the territory of Donbass; 2) is based on the professionally colored speech of miners; 3) is quite homogeneous, distributed throughout the region; 4) is positively evaluated by native speakers who are careful about the words and phrases of their Donetsk speech; 5) has a rich onymic space; 6) has a consistently used katoikonym донбассовцы (and донбассцы), which reveals ethnonymic features; 7) operates outside of Russia; 8) includes some phenomena of the neighboring Ukrainian language; 9) is convincingly presented in folklore, artistic and publicistic texts.

The Ethiopian Manufacturing Sector Productivity, Export, and Competitiveness

2019 ◽  
pp. 650-668
Author(s):  
Admasu Shiferaw ◽  
Måns Söderbom
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Resource Reallocation ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Statistical Agency

Over the last two decades the Ethiopian manufacturing sector has experienced rapid expansion in terms of the number of firms, sales, and employment. This chapter examines the performance of the manufacturing sector using aggregate data and firm-level panel data compiled by the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) of Ethiopia. The focus is on three dimensions of performance: productivity growth, the extent of export orientation, and the competitiveness of domestic firms in the global context. Manufacturing remains a relatively small sector in terms of contribution to GDP and employment, and it has yet to become export oriented even by African standards. In examining productivity growth, the analysis addresses within-firm productivity growth and its heterogeneity across firms, as well as the role of resource reallocation from less efficient firms to more efficient ones.

Computerizing the Bay Area German Project

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-198
Author(s):  
Irmengard Rauch ◽  
Byron Schiffman ◽  
Gregory Trauth
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Hard Disk ◽  
Linguistic Data ◽  
Bay Area

ABSTRACTWith an IBM-AT with 30 megabyte hard disk and eight-color plotter, significant configurations were uncovered among an ensemble of linguistic and sociolinguistic factors immediately accountable for the variable weak/strong inflection in a given set of contemporary German verbs. A spreadsheet produced matrices which show, in nine figures, the intersection of linguistic data with demographic data such as length of Bay Area residency, occupation, education, sex, geographic origin, as well as differential results based on two distinct methods of fieldwork data elicitation. Twenty-six native speakers of German residing in the San Francisco Bay Area served as informants.

The SLA of Variable Structures

2007 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 25-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly L. Geeslin ◽  
Pedro Guijarro Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Previous Analysis ◽  
First Language ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
L1 Transfer ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
L2 Spanish ◽  
Ser And Estar

AbstractThis study examines the acquisition of copula choice, more particularly the contrast between ser and estar ('to be') in Spanish by native speakers of Portuguese. Our research differs from previous work because the first language of the participants included also contains a copula contrast. Our previous analysis of data collected in adult L1 Spanish and Portuguese L2 Spanish, and data collected in Portuguese from adult L1 Portuguese, demonstrated important differences between these groups (Geeslin & Guijarro-Fuentes, 2006). The frequency of copula selection can be seen to be a result of L1 transfer, but the predictors of copula choice do not transfer directly from L1 to the L2. We argue that one of the key focuses of investigation should be the distinction between obligatory and variable contexts (Geeslin & Guijarro-Fuentes, 2004). Moreover, one must examine the linguistic features associated with variation between these three groups. In response, the current study analyzes those contexts where copula selection is unanimous for some or all of the participants in contrast with those where all speakers exhibit variation. We aim to determine whether or not those contexts that allow variation are the source of differences between the natives and the non-natives. This study is of general interest not only to those working on L2 Spanish, but also to the growing body of research on the acquisition of variable structures in SLA.

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