scholarly journals Molecular Identification of Hg-Resistant Bacteria and Their Potential in Reducing Mercury Contamination

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
SORAYA FITRIA NASIR ◽  
ANI M. HASAN ◽  
ARYATI ABDUL ◽  
YULIANA RETNOWATI
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Identification ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Gold Processing ◽  
Mercury Analysis ◽  
Center Research

The aim of this research was to obtain and determine the identity of Hg-resistant bacteria in soil contaminatedwith gold processing waste and test its ability to reduce mercury contamination. Soil samples as a source of Hgresistant bacterial isolates were obtained from the gold processing location in Ilangata Village, Anggrek District,North Gorontalo Regency. The research was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. Mercury analysis was carried out at the Laboratory of FisheriesProduct Quality Development and Testing (LPPMHP), Gorontalo Province, and bacterial identification wascarried out at the Hasanuddin University Medical Research Center Research Unit. The parameters observed werethe types of Hg resistant bacteria and the ability of the bacteria to reduce mercury contamination. The resultsshowed that there were four bacterial isolates on the soil contaminated with 4.5 ppm mercury, which were namedILb01, ILB02, ILb03, and ILb04. Molecular identification showed that ILb01 was closely related toStenotrophomonas sp. SB67 and ILb02 close to Enterobacter cloacae strain CM 1, these strains were not resistantto mercury contamination; while ILb03 which is similar to strain BS0591 and ILb04 which is similar to BacteriumBacillus albus strain SQ30 16S could be resistant and was able to reduce mercury contamination by 99% at 10ppm levels. Key words: heavy metals, Hg-resistant bacteria, molecular identification, mercury

scholarly journals Isolasi Bakteri Resisten Arsen pada Sedimen Tanah di Muara Sungai Buyat

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana C. Nainggolan ◽  
. Fatimawali ◽  
Widdhi Bodhi
Keyword(s):  
River Sediment ◽  
Mining Waste ◽  
The Body ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Identification ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Arsenic Stress ◽  
Arsenic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Abstract: Arsenic, a toxic element to the body, is commonly found in mining waste. Buyat is known as a mining location (especially gold mine) which dumps mining waste in the form of tailings into the sea through the Buyat River. A mine should process the degradation of waste from a very toxic form into a less toxic form before disposing the waste into the sea. However, this process is often overlooked by artisanal miner because it consumes considerable production cost. Waste containing toxic arsenic gradually accumulates into sediments in the ocean, so bacteria in the environment begin to develop a mechanism of resistance to arsenic. This study was aimed to determine the types of arsenic-resistant bacteria isolated from sediment at Buyat estuary using conventional bacterial identification methods, including morpho-logical, physiological, and biochemical tests. Nine bacterial isolates were treated with arsenic stress at 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 40 ppm, 80 ppm, 100 ppm, 300 ppm, 500 ppm, and 1000 ppm. The results showed several bacteria that could grow even in conditions containing as much as 1000 ppm of arsenic, namely Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Aeromonas, Clostridium, Bacillus, Hafnia, and Escherichia. Conclusion: In the sediment of Buyat estuary we found seven genera of bacteria, as follows: Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Aeromonas, Clostridium, Bacillus, Hafnia and Escherichia.Keywords: Arsenic-resistant bacteria, Buyat River, sediment, As2O3Abstrak: Arsen ialah salah satu jenis unsur yang bersifat toksik bagi tubuh dan merupakan salah satu hasil limbah pertambangan. Buyat merupakan salah satu lokasi pertambangan (terutama tambang emas) yang membuang limbah pertambangannya berupa tailings ke laut. Limbah tersebut dialirkan melalui Sungai Buyat. Pertambangan yang resmi harus melakukan proses degradasi arsen dari yang sangat toksik menjadi kurang toksik terlebih dahulu sebelum membuang limbah ke laut, namun proses ini sering diabaikan oleh pertambangan rakyat karena memakan biaya produksi yang cukup besar. Limbah yang mengandung arsen toksik lama-kelamaan terakumulasi menjadi sedimen di laut, sehingga bakteri di lingkungan tersebut mulai mengembangkan mekanisme resistensi terhadap arsen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis bakteri resisten arsen yang diisolasi dari sedimen di muara Sungai Buyat menggunakan metode identifikasi bakteri konvensional. Terdapat 9 isolat bakteri yang diberi perlakuan stres arsen pada 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 40 ppm, 80 ppm, 100 ppm, 300 ppm, 500 ppm, dan 1000 ppm. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan beberapa jenis bakteri yang dapat bertumbuh bahkan pada kondisi mengandung arsen sebanyak 1000 ppm, yaitu genus Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Aeromonas, Clostridium, Bacillus, Hafnia, dan Escherichia. Simpulan: Pada sedimen tanah di muara Sungai Buyat diidentifikasi tujuh genus bakteri, yaitu Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Aeromonas, Clostridium, Bacillus, Hafnia, dan Escherichia.Kata kunci: bakteri resisten arsen, Sungai Buyat, sedimen, As2O3

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mastitis and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Isolates from CMT Positive Milk Samples Obtained from Dairy Cows, Camels, and Goats in Two Pastoral Districts in Southern Ethiopia

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1530
Author(s):  
Amanuel Balemi ◽  
Balako Gumi ◽  
Kebede Amenu ◽  
Sisay Girma ◽  
Muuz Gebru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples

A study was carried out from August 2017 to February 2018 on lactating dairy cows, one-humped dromedary camels, and goats to determine mastitis in the Bule Hora and Dugda Dawa districts of in Southern Ethiopia. Milk samples from 564 udder quarters and udder halves from 171 animals consisting of 60 dairy cows, 51 camels, and 60 goats were tested for mastitis. Sixty-four positive udder milk samples were cultured, and bacterial mastitis pathogens were isolated and identified. The antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates from milk with mastitis was tested against nine antimicrobials commonly used in the study area. Cow- and quarter-level prevalence of mastitis in dairy cows, camels, and goats was 33.3%, 26.3%, and 25% and 17.6%, 14.5%, and 20%, respectively. In cattle, the prevalence was significantly higher in Dugda Dawa than in Bule Hora. Major bacterial isolates were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (39.1%), S. aureus (17.2%), S. hyicus (14.1%), and S. intermedius and Escherichia coli (9.4% each). In camels, udder abnormality and mastitis were significantly higher in late lactation than in early lactation. Mastitis tends to increase with parity in camels. E. coli isolates were highly resistant to spectinomycin, vancomycin, and doxycycline, whereas most S. aureus isolates were multidrug-resistant. Most of the rural and periurban communities in this area consume raw milk, which indicates a high risk of infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria. We recommend a community-focused training program to improve community awareness of the need to boil milk and the risk of raw milk consumption.

scholarly journals Emerging Microtechnologies and Automated Systems for Rapid Bacterial Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyan Li ◽  
Xing Yang ◽  
Weian Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Representative Point ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Bacterial Identification ◽  
Automated Systems

Rapid bacterial identification (ID) and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) are in great demand due to the rise of drug-resistant bacteria. Conventional culture-based AST methods suffer from a long turnaround time. By necessity, physicians often have to treat patients empirically with antibiotics, which has led to an inappropriate use of antibiotics, an elevated mortality rate and healthcare costs, and antibiotic resistance. Recent advances in miniaturization and automation provide promising solutions for rapid bacterial ID/AST profiling, which will potentially make a significant impact in the clinical management of infectious diseases and antibiotic stewardship in the coming years. In this review, we summarize and analyze representative emerging micro- and nanotechnologies, as well as automated systems for bacterial ID/AST, including both phenotypic (e.g., microfluidic-based bacterial culture, and digital imaging of single cells) and molecular (e.g., multiplex PCR, hybridization probes, nanoparticles, synthetic biology tools, mass spectrometry, and sequencing technologies) methods. We also discuss representative point-of-care (POC) systems that integrate sample processing, fluid handling, and detection for rapid bacterial ID/AST. Finally, we highlight major remaining challenges and discuss potential future endeavors toward improving clinical outcomes with rapid bacterial ID/AST technologies.

A Microbiologic Approach to the Investigation of Bacterial Nosocomial Infection Outbreaks

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (06) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Goldmann ◽  
Ann B. Macone
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Infection Control Team ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Plasmid Analysis ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria ◽  
Bacteriocin Typing

This article details the appropriate microbiologic support that is critical to the successful investigation of nosocomial infection problems. The infection control team must have ready access to microbiologic data, and the laboratory should retain epidemiologically relevant bacterial isolates. Investigation of epidemics is facilitated by precise identification of bacteria and careful antibiotic susceptibility testing. In some situations, biotyping, serotyping, phage typing, bacteriocin typing, and other specialized techniques may be required. Plasmid analysis may be useful in the investigation of nosocomial infection problems caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Bakteri Endofit Tanaman Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) Penghasil Asam Indol Asetat (AIA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-191
Author(s):  
Oktira Roka Aji ◽  
Iva Dita Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Bacterial Identification ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia

AbstrakBakteri endofit hidup dalam suatu tanaman tanpa menyebabkan gangguan bagi tanaman yang berperan penting dalam menstimulasi pertumbuhan tanaman, yaitu dengan memproduksi fitohormon seperti asam absisat, asam indol asetat, dan sitokinin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi, menyeleksi, dan mengidentifikasi bakteri endofit yang terdapat pada daun, batang, dan akar tanaman jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia). Isolat bakteri endofit diseleksi berdasarkan kemampuannya dalam menghasilkan asam indol asetat (AIA). Isolat bakteri endofit ditumbuhkan pada media nutrient broth (NB) yang ditambah dengan L-triptofan. Konsentrasi AIA dihitung dengan penambahan reagen salkowski dan diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 530 nm. Identifikasi bakteri endofit dilakukan dengan analisis uji biokimia. Isolat bakteri endofit yang berhasil diisolasi sebanyak 12 isolat, yaitu 4 isolat dari daun, 4 isolat dari batang, dan 4 isolat dari akar. Hasil pengamatan pada uji AIA menunjukkan bahwa semua isolat bakteri endofit dapat menghasilkan hormon AIA. Isolat yang menghasilkan konsentrasi hormon AIA tertinggi adalah isolat B2 (6,51 ppm). Isolat bakteri yang berhasil diidentifikasi berasal dari genus Enterobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, dan Staphylococcus. Bakteri endofit yang dapat menghasilkan AIA berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai biofertilizer untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman. Abstract Endophytic bacteria live inside plants without causing disruption to plants and play an important role in stimulating plant growth. This study aims to isolate endophytic bacteria from lime plant (Citrus aurantifolia) and characterize its ability to produce indole acetic acid (IAA). Bacterial isolates were grown on media supplemented with L-tryptophan as IAA precursor. The bacterial supernatant was mixed with salkowski reagents and then measured using a spectrophotometer at 530 nm. Bacterial identification was carried out using biochemical characteristic analysis. A total of 12 endophytic bacterial isolates were successfully isolated from leaves, stem and roots of plants. Quantitative test results showed that all isolates can produce IAA. The highest concentration of IAA was produced by B2 (6.51 ppm). Biochemical analysis indicated that the isolates were from the genus Enterobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus. Endhophytic bacteria that can produce IAA have the potential to be developed as biofertilizers to increase crop productivity.

scholarly journals Detection of pathogenic bacteria associated with earphones used by students of Stamford University Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Omor Ahmed Chowdhury ◽  
Md Raihan Ahmed ◽  
Md Raihan Dipu ◽  
Md Aftab Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

The use of earphones has increased in recent times throughout the world especially among the different level of students such as school, college or university who have a higher tendency of sharing these among them. Unlike airline headsets, headphones and stethoscope ear-pieces, ear phones are often shared by multiple users and can be a potential medium for transmission of pathogens, which can give rise to various ear related infections. The objective of this study was to detect the pathogenic bacteria from the ear-phones used by the students of Stamford University Bangladesh. A total of 16 ear-phone swabs were collected by sterile cotton swabs. The swabs were inoculated onto blood agar and incubated aerobically overnight at 37oC. Microscopic observation and standard biochemical tests were performed to confirm the identification of all the bacterial isolates. Six presumptively identified Staphylococcus spp. (38%) were tested against six different types of antibiotics following Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Isolates were found to be 84% resistant against Cotrimoxazole and demonstrated 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin and Ciprorofloxacin. The findings of this study suggest the users to disinfect their respective ear phones and not to exchange them as they may act as a potential source to transfer pathogenic and antibiotic resistant bacteria among the ear phone users. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 1-4

scholarly journals Identification and Probiotic Potency Screening of Cellulolytic Bacilli Isolated from Fecal Pellets and Gastrointestinal Tract of Nypha Worm (Namalycastis rhodochorde), West Kalimantan, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
TR Setyawati ◽  
AH Yanti ◽  
R. Kurniatuhadi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bacterial Identification ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Fecal Pellets ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
E Coli

The bacterial isolates NrLtF1, NrLtF4, NrLtF5, and NrLtG2 isolated from fecal pellets and gastrointestinal tract of nypha worms (Namalycastis rhodochorde) have cellulolytic, proteolytic activity and produce organic acids. The four isolates have the potency to be developed as probiotics in nypha worm cultivation feed. This study aims to determine the probiotics potency and identify the species of NrLtF1, NrLtF4, NrLtF5, and NrLtG2 isolate based on 16srDNA sequence. The probiotic potency was carried out by the acid tolerance assays on distilled water and 0.3% acid bile media, and the antimicrobial testing against Escherichia coli (MF exp21.12). Bacterial identification was carried out by sequencing of 16sDNA sequence based on GeneBank data. The results showed that the bacterial isolates of NrLtF1, NrLtF4, NrLtF5, and NrLtG2 were able to grow on 0.3% distilled water and acid bile media. However, only the NrLtF4 and NrLtF5 inhibited E. coli (MF exp21.12) with halo zones 30 mm and 18 mm, respectively. Blasting results of the 16srDNA sequences showed that the NrLtF1, NrLtF4, NrLtF5, and NrLtG2 were closely related to Bacillus wiedmannii, Brevibacterium sediminis, Bacillus proteolyticus, and Bacillus paramycoides. The nypha worm bacterial isolates have the potency to be developed as probiotics in nypha worm culture.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Pb Resistant Bacteria from Cilalay Lake, Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kesi Kurnia ◽  
Nina Hermayani Sadi ◽  
Syafitri Jumianto
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Standard Disk

<span>Pollution of water environment with heavy metals is becoming one of the most severe environmental and human health hazards. Lead (Pb) is a major pollutant and highly toxic to human, animals, plants, and microbes. </span><span lang="IN">Toxic metals are difficult to remove from the environment, since they cannot be chemically or biologically degraded and are ultimately indestructible. Biological approaches based on metal-resistant microorganisms have received a great deal of attention as alternative remediation processes. </span><span>This study aim to isolat</span><span lang="IN">e</span><span> and characterize Pb resistant of heterotrophic bacteria in Cilalay Lake, </span><span lang="IN">West Java, </span><span>Indonesia. The water samples were collected </span><span lang="IN">along</span><span> three points around Cilalay Lake. </span><span lang="IN">Water physical and chemical </span><span>determination was performed using the Water Quality Checker</span><span lang="IN">. </span><span>The bacterial isolates were screened on T</span><span lang="IN">r</span><span>ipton</span><span lang="IN">e</span><span> Glucose Yeast (TGY) agar plates. </span><span lang="IN">Afterwards s</span><span>elected isolates were grown on Nutrient Agar media 50% </span><span lang="IN">with </span><span>supplemented Pb 100 ppm by the standard disk. Population of resistant bacteria was counted. The result from metal resistant bacteria indicated that all isolates w</span><span lang="IN">ere</span><span> resistant. The most abundant type of resistant </span><span lang="IN">bacteria </span><span>to lead was Gram negative more than Gram positive. Identified have metal resistant bacteria could be useful for the bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated sewage and waste water</span>

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Resistant Bacteria from Petroleum Producing Vicinity by Gene Amplification and Sequencing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
O. Aleruchi ◽  
O. Obire
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms

This investigation focuses on molecular identification of antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from petroleum producing vicinity using 16S rRNA sequencing based technique. The bacterial 16s rRNA gene sequences were amplified using polymerase chain reaction, sequenced,  characterized and compared by using primers which has been compared to national center for biotechnology information (NCBI) sequence database. The presence of the plasmid mediated antibiotic resistance determinants CTX-M and QNRB genes in the bacterial isolates were analyzed. A total of four bacterial isolates that were resistant to all the antibiotic agents used were identified molecularly. The BLAST results showed 100 % similarity and phylogenetic study indicated that the genes were evolutionarily related to Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas xiamenensis, Chryseobacterium cucumeris and Staphylococcus sp., respectively. The genes obtained were submitted to the NCBI gene bank and were assigned accession number; MN094330, MN094331, MN094332 and MN094333, respectively. CTX-M and QNRB genes were however absent in the bacterial isolates. The result identified some peculiar abilities of the bacterial isolates to be resistant to antibiotics and suggests a correlation with resistance and hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria. The level of resistance could be as a result of the disinfection process during wastewater treatment procedure or the same adaptive mechanisms possessed by the isolates to control the hydrocarbon concentration in their cell. The study also clearly indicates that these wastewaters, when discharged into the environment directly may pose a risk for the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

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