Specification and Main Paper Quality Parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denitsa Ivanova-Alexandrova ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Main Paper ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Promotional Materials ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Percentage Ratio

The paper pulp and the product created by it are characterized by specific parameters, categorizing the type and the different purpose of the paper and the cardboard. The composition of used ingredients, which, depending on the species and percentage ratio of the individual components, creates high-quality papers, more specialized for printing traditional and digital graphics or lower quality papers intended for domestic, mass use (books, newspapers, magazines, promotional materials, etc.). Basically, the raw materials used for paper production and at the same time responsible for the individual characteristics of the product can be divided into four groups: fibrous material, binders, fillers and colorants. Thanks to their qualitative and quantitative composition, specific physical characteristics are distinguished, determining the surface of the paper (appearance), its opacity or transparency, strength, weight and thickness, grain, aging. The report concerns precisely the specification and quality parameters that give an individual look to the different types of paper and cardboard.

Development of the New Generation Materials for the Soft Pipe Lining Rehabilitation

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin Her Yu ◽  
Min-Hsun Cheng ◽  
Rong-Yuan Jou ◽  
Kuang-Chyi Lee ◽  
Chien-Chang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Power Cables ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Optimum Sample

With increasing global urbanization and industrialization, many more pipelines for gas, potable water, sewer, oil, and power cables have been installed underground, underwater, in buildings and in factories. Maintenance of such pipelines is crucial. However, it is often difficult and has become a growing problem these days. The PALTEM-HL (Trade mark and stands for Pipeline Automatic Lining SysTEM, Hose Lining Method), a pipeline relining system, was developed as an effective and inexpensive solution for this problem. In this project, we try to develop a new resins and the adhesives system to replace the raw materials used in the PALTEM-HL system. Anionic harder combined two different types of epoxy resins were investigated in this study. After curing, the mechanical properties and glass transition temperature of the mixture were examined and the optimum sample preparation prescription was also found. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) were employed to monitor the curing process of the mixtures. The mechanical properties of the mixture were also measured by Instron and micro Vickers.

Numerical Modeling and Experimental Research of the Perforation Phenomenon of Certain Materials Used for Individual Protection by Bullets

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
Florin Ilie ◽  
Nicolae Moro
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Ballistic Protection ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Individual Protection ◽  
Range Testing ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper captures two aspects related to the phenomenon of impact between bullets and different types of materials used for the individual protection of the militaries, for the same type of ammunition and for the same configuration of the ballistic protection system, both in the case of the activity of experimental shooting range testing, as well as in the case of the modeling and simulation of the impact between the bullet and the protection materials.

The Use of Fermentation Sludge as a Fertilizer in Agriculture

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Larsen ◽  
F. H. Funch ◽  
H. A. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Cycling Of Nutrients ◽  
Made In

Novo Nordisk is one of the world's largest producers of enzymes, insulin and biopharmaceuticals. This production is based mainly on biotechnology and fermentation processes. The waste from the fermentation process is non-toxic, but due to the high content of nitrogen and phosphorus the waste can cause eutrophication if it is discharged in the marine environment. Novo Nordisk has developed a process in which the fermentation sludge, which constitutes a large part of the waste, is used as an organic fertilizer - NOVOsludge - in agriculture. The total amount of sludge is 500,000 m3/year, corresponding to 800,000 kg of nitrogen and 300,000 kg of phosphorus. Around 10,000 hectares of farmland benefit from this. Since a great proportion of the raw materials used in fermentation are based on agricultural products, this use is an example of re-cycling of nutrients. Investigations of the uptake of the nutrients in different types of crops are made in order to develop still more efficient uses. The system which has been developed has also contributed to new rules for the utilization of organic waste material.

scholarly journals Using of type-ii fuzzy sets and Z-numbers for expert group information formalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
O.M. Poleshchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Input Information ◽  
Expert Information ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Group Information ◽  
Semantic Spaces ◽  
The Individual

Two models of formalizing group expert information based on fuzzy sets of the second type and Z-numbers have been developed. The construction of fuzzy sets of the second type and components of Z-numbers is carried out using full orthogonal semantic spaces. The construction of semantic spaces is carried out using statistical information or information obtained as a result of a direct survey of experts. The input information for the model based on fuzzy sets of the second type are linguistic estimates of objects. The input information for the model based on Z-numbers are linguistic estimates of objects and the reliability of these estimates. The developed models expand the possibilities of processing expert information, allow preserving the individual characteristics of expert criteria embedded in the data, and at the same time correctly process different types of uncertainty inherent in this data.

scholarly journals Studi Beban Pendinginan Ikan Menggunakan Brine Dengan Jenis Garam Berbeda

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Rahmat Effendi Lubis ◽  
Ni Luh Yulianti ◽  
I Wayan Widia
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Salt Brine ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Cooling Media ◽  
Cold Point ◽  
Two Stages

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using brine with different types of salt on cooling fish and its effect on cooling load, so that a combination of treatments that produced the lowest cold point and maximum ability were obtained to eliminate the total heat energy in fish. The raw materials used in this study are salts of NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and tuna. The cooling process in this study uses ice and salt (brine) solutions with concentrations of each type of salt, namely 2%, 7%, and 12% of the weight of the cooling media. In this research, the first two stages were carried out, namely with air load, then continued with the hot load of fish for each cooling medium on different styrofoam boxes. From the results of this experiment, a decrease in the maximum cooling point of brine temperature of -2,46 °C was found in the treatment of NaCl salt concentration of 12% (a1b3), then brine solution which was able to keep the fish temperature at the lowest is -1.4 ° C from treatment a1b3 (NaCl salt) concentration of 12%.

SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIK PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI LIMBAH PLASTIK JENIS HDPE (High Density Polyetylene) DAN RANTING/CABANG KARET (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg)

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Sari Mirad Noor
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
High Density ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

The need of log increace rapidly, mean while forest product decrease, so efficiency on wood process should be done wisely, in the other hand plastic waste is uncompossed material, become an environmental problems. This research aims to determine the impact of particles of type HDPE plastic wastes and twigs/branches of rubber on some physical and mechanical properties of wood. Physical properties have been tested for water content, density, thickness, and water absorption. Although mechanical properties tests were tough Broken/Module of Rufture (MOR) and the preservation of architecture/modulus of elasticity (MOE).     The raw materials used are polyethylene of high density of waste plastic and rubber adhesive urea formaldehyde branch branch. Experimental design used the randomized Completely Design (RCD) 5 x 4, in which each treatment became much like 5 times replicated).The treatment used is the diversity of the composition of the waste of plastic of different types of polyethylene of high density provides a significant effect on the content of water, water absorption, the density and the development of thickness. With regard to the persistence and the fracture of the arch determination not to give a significant effect.Keywords: physical and mechanical properties, particle board, HDPE plastic waste, branch/twig of  rubber.

scholarly journals Growth and production performance of carps in shaded pond in Barisal, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
RJ Rumpa ◽  
MM Haque ◽  
MM Alam ◽  
SM Rahamatullah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Catla Catla ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Supplementary Feed

The shaded nature of ponds in Barisal region constrained the pond polyculture. The present study was conducted with such shaded ponds to evaluate the growth and production performance of different carp species including rohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla), mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in polyculture system. In this experiment, polyculture of carps at similar densities were conducted in two different types of shaded ponds selecting nine ponds at Dinar village in Charkawa Union of Barisal Sadar sub-district. Out of 9 ponds, 5 were heavily shaded ponds (HSP) and 4 were moderately shaded ponds (MSP) considered as T1 and T2, respectively. The average area of HSP and MSP was 0.03±0.01 and 0.07±0.03 ha, respectively which were experimented for a period of l80 days from July to December 2013. Carps were stocked at the rate of 14820/ha with the ratio of rohu, catla, mrigal and common carp - 2:1:2:1. Carps were fed with supplementary feed of the mixture of rice bran, wheat bran and mustard oilcake at the rate of 10% body weight for first 3 months and 5% body weight for last 3 months. The water quality parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrite and ammonia were recorded. The highest weight gain was found in common carp (467.00±0.00 g) in T1 and lowest weight gained in mrigal (172.46±26.80 g) in T1. Apart from common carp, the individual growth and production of other species was higher in MSP compared to HSP. The higher production was obtained in T2 (2122.92±333.60 kg/ha/year) compared to T1 (1547.79±132.94 kg/ha/year).J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(2): 235-241, December 2016

scholarly journals Antioxidant-Rich Natural Raw Materials in the Prevention and Treatment of Selected Oral Cavity and Periodontal Diseases

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1848
Author(s):  
Jolanta Pytko-Polończyk ◽  
Magdalena Stawarz-Janeczek ◽  
Agata Kryczyk-Poprawa ◽  
Bożena Muszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Materials Used

Antioxidant-rich natural raw materials have been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine. In the past decade, there has been increasing interest in naturotherapy, which is a practice of using products with a natural origin. Natural products can be effective in the treatment and prevention of oral and dental diseases, among others. Such raw materials used in dentistry are characterized by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antiedematous, astringent, anticoagulant, dehydrating, vitaminizing, and—above all—regenerative properties. Reports have shown that a relationship exists between oral diseases and the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota colonizing the oral cavity. This review aimed to analyze the studies focusing on the microbiome colonizing the oral cavity in the context of using natural raw materials especially herbs, plant extracts, and isolated biologically active compounds as agents in the prevention and treatment of oral and periodontal diseases such as dental caries as well as mucosal changes associated with salivary secretion disorder. The present work discusses selected plant ingredients exhibiting an antioxidant activity with potential for the treatment of selected oral cavity and periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE KINETICS OF HYDRATION STRUCTURING AND THE PROPERTIES OF LIME-BELITIC BINDERS BASED OF MARL

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Aleksey Dmitrievich Zhukov ◽  
Marat Orynbaevich Asamatdinov ◽  
Bakhtiyar Chimbergenovich Nurymbetov ◽  
Sharibay Nauryzbaevich Turemuratov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Dicalcium Silicate ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Kinetics Of

Lime-belite binder is obtained by low-temperature firing of natural marl, marling or sanding limestone and artificial lime-silica mixtures. The binder with calcium oxide also contains significant amounts of dicalcium silicate and some others materials, the composition and quantity of which depend on the chemical composition and firing temperature of the raw materials used. The authors investigated the kinetics of hydration structures and physicochemical properties of lime-based binders on the basis of belitic marl from Akburly and Porlytau. The formation of resistance is associated not only with the formation of the system of different types of structures - coagulation and crystallization, with the transition of the first to the second, but also with the different stages of formation of crystal structures. The possibility of using lime-belitic binders for the preparation of high-strength products of autoclave hardening is proved. The autoclaved binders used in the manufacture of sand-lime products are prepared with the use of mixtures consisting of 60...70 % lime-belite binder and 30...40 % ground quartz sand.

scholarly journals Characterization of possible alternative materials for the production of marine fuels

Paliva ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Dominik Schlehöfer ◽  
Aleš Vráblík ◽  
Rarek Černý
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Marine Fuel ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Fuel Oils ◽  
Sulfur Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Low Sulfur

Maritime transport is a significant contributor to the environmental pollution. For this reason, the maximum sulfur content in liquid marine fuels has been drastically reduced since January 1st 2020 for deep sea areas. This reduction can be solved by diluting the conventional high sulfur fuels with suitable low sulfur components. However, mixing two or more components with each other carries a potential risk of incompatibility or instability of the final product, especially in the case of longer storage and subsequent transportation to the end consumers. For the above reasons, this work deals with the mapping of alternative raw materials that could be used to produce very low sulfur fuel oils (VLSFO) with a sulfur level up to 0.5 wt%. A total of 5 raw materials (1 conventional fuel oil – HSFO and 4 alternative raw materials) were characterized. The individual raw materials were compared to each other with regard to the quality properties required for marine fuels according to the ISO 8217. Subsequently, the suitability of these raw materials for further mixing was outlined in order to meet the required quality parameters for marine fuel mixing.

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