scholarly journals Studi Beban Pendinginan Ikan Menggunakan Brine Dengan Jenis Garam Berbeda

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Rahmat Effendi Lubis ◽  
Ni Luh Yulianti ◽  
I Wayan Widia
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Salt Brine ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Cooling Media ◽  
Cold Point ◽  
Two Stages

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using brine with different types of salt on cooling fish and its effect on cooling load, so that a combination of treatments that produced the lowest cold point and maximum ability were obtained to eliminate the total heat energy in fish. The raw materials used in this study are salts of NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and tuna. The cooling process in this study uses ice and salt (brine) solutions with concentrations of each type of salt, namely 2%, 7%, and 12% of the weight of the cooling media. In this research, the first two stages were carried out, namely with air load, then continued with the hot load of fish for each cooling medium on different styrofoam boxes. From the results of this experiment, a decrease in the maximum cooling point of brine temperature of -2,46 °C was found in the treatment of NaCl salt concentration of 12% (a1b3), then brine solution which was able to keep the fish temperature at the lowest is -1.4 ° C from treatment a1b3 (NaCl salt) concentration of 12%.

Development of the New Generation Materials for the Soft Pipe Lining Rehabilitation

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin Her Yu ◽  
Min-Hsun Cheng ◽  
Rong-Yuan Jou ◽  
Kuang-Chyi Lee ◽  
Chien-Chang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Power Cables ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Optimum Sample

With increasing global urbanization and industrialization, many more pipelines for gas, potable water, sewer, oil, and power cables have been installed underground, underwater, in buildings and in factories. Maintenance of such pipelines is crucial. However, it is often difficult and has become a growing problem these days. The PALTEM-HL (Trade mark and stands for Pipeline Automatic Lining SysTEM, Hose Lining Method), a pipeline relining system, was developed as an effective and inexpensive solution for this problem. In this project, we try to develop a new resins and the adhesives system to replace the raw materials used in the PALTEM-HL system. Anionic harder combined two different types of epoxy resins were investigated in this study. After curing, the mechanical properties and glass transition temperature of the mixture were examined and the optimum sample preparation prescription was also found. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) were employed to monitor the curing process of the mixtures. The mechanical properties of the mixture were also measured by Instron and micro Vickers.

The Use of Fermentation Sludge as a Fertilizer in Agriculture

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Larsen ◽  
F. H. Funch ◽  
H. A. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Cycling Of Nutrients ◽  
Made In

Novo Nordisk is one of the world's largest producers of enzymes, insulin and biopharmaceuticals. This production is based mainly on biotechnology and fermentation processes. The waste from the fermentation process is non-toxic, but due to the high content of nitrogen and phosphorus the waste can cause eutrophication if it is discharged in the marine environment. Novo Nordisk has developed a process in which the fermentation sludge, which constitutes a large part of the waste, is used as an organic fertilizer - NOVOsludge - in agriculture. The total amount of sludge is 500,000 m3/year, corresponding to 800,000 kg of nitrogen and 300,000 kg of phosphorus. Around 10,000 hectares of farmland benefit from this. Since a great proportion of the raw materials used in fermentation are based on agricultural products, this use is an example of re-cycling of nutrients. Investigations of the uptake of the nutrients in different types of crops are made in order to develop still more efficient uses. The system which has been developed has also contributed to new rules for the utilization of organic waste material.

SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIK PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI LIMBAH PLASTIK JENIS HDPE (High Density Polyetylene) DAN RANTING/CABANG KARET (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg)

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Sari Mirad Noor
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
High Density ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

The need of log increace rapidly, mean while forest product decrease, so efficiency on wood process should be done wisely, in the other hand plastic waste is uncompossed material, become an environmental problems. This research aims to determine the impact of particles of type HDPE plastic wastes and twigs/branches of rubber on some physical and mechanical properties of wood. Physical properties have been tested for water content, density, thickness, and water absorption. Although mechanical properties tests were tough Broken/Module of Rufture (MOR) and the preservation of architecture/modulus of elasticity (MOE).     The raw materials used are polyethylene of high density of waste plastic and rubber adhesive urea formaldehyde branch branch. Experimental design used the randomized Completely Design (RCD) 5 x 4, in which each treatment became much like 5 times replicated).The treatment used is the diversity of the composition of the waste of plastic of different types of polyethylene of high density provides a significant effect on the content of water, water absorption, the density and the development of thickness. With regard to the persistence and the fracture of the arch determination not to give a significant effect.Keywords: physical and mechanical properties, particle board, HDPE plastic waste, branch/twig of  rubber.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE KINETICS OF HYDRATION STRUCTURING AND THE PROPERTIES OF LIME-BELITIC BINDERS BASED OF MARL

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Aleksey Dmitrievich Zhukov ◽  
Marat Orynbaevich Asamatdinov ◽  
Bakhtiyar Chimbergenovich Nurymbetov ◽  
Sharibay Nauryzbaevich Turemuratov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Dicalcium Silicate ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Kinetics Of

Lime-belite binder is obtained by low-temperature firing of natural marl, marling or sanding limestone and artificial lime-silica mixtures. The binder with calcium oxide also contains significant amounts of dicalcium silicate and some others materials, the composition and quantity of which depend on the chemical composition and firing temperature of the raw materials used. The authors investigated the kinetics of hydration structures and physicochemical properties of lime-based binders on the basis of belitic marl from Akburly and Porlytau. The formation of resistance is associated not only with the formation of the system of different types of structures - coagulation and crystallization, with the transition of the first to the second, but also with the different stages of formation of crystal structures. The possibility of using lime-belitic binders for the preparation of high-strength products of autoclave hardening is proved. The autoclaved binders used in the manufacture of sand-lime products are prepared with the use of mixtures consisting of 60...70 % lime-belite binder and 30...40 % ground quartz sand.

Thermal behaviour of ‘metamorphic vermiculite’ in Ca-rich ancient ceramic sherds and experimental ceramics

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rathossi ◽  
P. Tsolis-Katagas ◽  
C. Katagas
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Transformation ◽  
White Mica ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maximum Reaction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Constituent Phase ◽  
Ancient Ceramic ◽  
Materials Used

AbstractA ‘metamorphic vermiculite’-like phase was identified in Ca-rich ancient ceramic sherds from excavations in NW Peloponnese, Greece. Archaeometric investigations have shown that the raw materials used in the production of ancient ceramics were derived from local Plio-Pleistocene sediments. Analysis by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy showed that ‘metamorphic vermiculite’ is a common constituent phase of these sediments occurring in three texturally different types: as interstratified white mica-chlorite and chlorite-vermiculite, and white mica-(white mica-chlorite) stacks. In an attempt to elucidate the thermal transformation of ‘metamorphic vermiculite’ present in the calcareous raw materials, we produced experimental ceramics made from these local raw materials and fired them at 700, 750, 850, 950 and 1050°C in a static air furnace. The mixed-layered chlorite-vermiculite was transformed completely at ∼800°C contributing to the formation of new high-Tminerals. The two other types of ‘metamorphic vermiculite’ retain their original lath-like shape up to 1050°C and only a few crystals show that they have undergone complete transformation at this temperature. In the latter crystals, numerous nanocrystals were formed sub-parallel to the former cleavages of ‘metamorphic vermiculite’ pseudomorphs, suggesting their contribution to the nucleation of high-Tminerals (i.e. ferrian aluminian diopside, spinel, Fe oxides) by reactions with the available CaO. It is suggested that the firing conditions (i.e. maximum reaction temperature of 1050°C, reaction time of 1 h, oxygen atmosphere) which promote disequilibrium reactions, and the greater contribution of the white mica constituent against chlorite in some of the initial structures of ‘metamorphic vermiculite’ may be responsible for the delay of its thermal decomposition at 1050°C.

Specification and Main Paper Quality Parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denitsa Ivanova-Alexandrova ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Main Paper ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Promotional Materials ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Percentage Ratio

The paper pulp and the product created by it are characterized by specific parameters, categorizing the type and the different purpose of the paper and the cardboard. The composition of used ingredients, which, depending on the species and percentage ratio of the individual components, creates high-quality papers, more specialized for printing traditional and digital graphics or lower quality papers intended for domestic, mass use (books, newspapers, magazines, promotional materials, etc.). Basically, the raw materials used for paper production and at the same time responsible for the individual characteristics of the product can be divided into four groups: fibrous material, binders, fillers and colorants. Thanks to their qualitative and quantitative composition, specific physical characteristics are distinguished, determining the surface of the paper (appearance), its opacity or transparency, strength, weight and thickness, grain, aging. The report concerns precisely the specification and quality parameters that give an individual look to the different types of paper and cardboard.

SIFAT MEKANIK PAPAN GYPSUM DARI SERBUK LIMBAH KAYU NON KOMERSIAL

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Saibatul Hamdi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Gypsum Board ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
Sawn Timber ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Artocarpus Elasticus ◽  
Ficus Glomerata

The purpose of this research is to know the mechanical strength of gypsum board by utilizing waste sawn wood. Raw materials used consist of flour, gypsum,wood particles, boraks and kambang (Goniothalamus sp), wood tarap (Artocarpus elasticus REINW) and lua (Ficus glomerata ROXB). Wood particle 40 mesh and 60 mesh, concentrations boraks of 1 and 2 and the percentage particles of gypsum sawn timber is 300, 400 and 500%. The results showed that the average value Modulus of Rufture (MoR) in lua wood ranges from 12.55 – 14,47 kgcm2, wood kambang 25.10-31,11 kgcm2 and wood tarap 19.20- 24,18 kgcm2. As for Modulus of Elasticity (MoE) on the lua 1129,80- 2092,70 kgcm2, wood kambang 2512,37-3971,32 kgcm2 and tarap 2050,63-2691,09 kgcm2. Gypsum board are mechanical properties do not meet quality standards created SNI 03-6434-2000.Keywords: sawdust, lua, kambang, tarap, gypsum, mechanical

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN THE LEAVES AND FRUITS OF A ROWAN-TREE (SORBUS AUCUPARIA FRUCTUS) AND ASSESSMENT OF PROSPECTS IN MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Chernichkina A.D.
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Pectin Substances

A large number of biologically active substances, organic acids, tannins, and pectin substances were detected during the study of fruits, leaves, and pulp of the fruits of mountain Ash. The content of these substances in leaves and pulp will significantly expand the arsenal of medicinal plant raw materials used. Given the wide distribution of mountain Ash in the territory of the Russian Federation, harvesting leaves from the same plants after harvesting the fruit and using pulp will make it possible to obtain new phytopreparations.

Mutual Influence Study of Food Acids and Polysaccharides of Different Nature on the Sensory Perception of Low-Calorie Sweet Dishes

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Minnikhanova ◽  
Nataliya Zavorokhina ◽  
Anna Gilina
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Apple Pectin ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Functional Reserves ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract The inclusion of polysaccharide thickeners in the recipes of sweet dishes increases the functional reserves of the body, contributes to the preservation of health and the prevention of diseases. The purpose of the research is to study the sensory characteristics of polysaccharides of various nature when combined with food acids, to develop a recipe for a basic mixture of low-calorie meals for public catering. The authors analyzed citric, lactic and succinic acids in combinations with polysaccharides of various nature. Organoleptic tests were evaluated by a touch panel. The organization of the tasting analysis corresponded to GOST ISO 6658-2016; the consistency was determined according to GOST 31986-2012, GOST ISO 11036-2017, GOST ISO 8588-2011. The optimal organoleptic combinations of the presented food acids and complex additives of sweeteners (CDP) were identified, which included aspartame, sodium saccharinate, Sucralose, sweetness coefficient – 340: the mixture with citric acid had a long pleasant aftertaste without foreign tastes and the best taste characteristics. Using the “A-not A” method, we found that the sample with the addition of CDP is identical to the sucrose solution. In the second part of the study, polysaccharides were added to model samples of acids with complex sweeteners; the best sensory characteristics were obtained by model samples consisting of a mixture of low-esterified Apple pectin with lactic acid and KDP. The technology of obtaining a stable elastic jelly using low-esterified Apple pectin has been developed, since the complex mixture of sweeteners and food acids does not have a dehydrating effect. Developed a dry mix recipe that can serve as a basic development, low-calorie sweet products for catering and has a variance of use of lactic and succinic acids, depending on the flavor characteristics of the raw materials used and its corrective ability.

DAMPAK SUBSITUSI IMPORT TERHADAP DEFISIT NERACA PERDAGANGAN: STUDI KASUS IMPOR KULIT INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Yulianto ◽  
Ario Seno Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Net Export ◽  
Balance Deficit

An alternative strategy to reduce the trade balance deficit simultaneously to increase the net foreign exchange is the import-substitution for raw materials used to produce an export goods. This paper proposes an import substitution study on footwear products that have a dependency on imported raw materials by 70 percent, with the largest composition being leather raw materials by 67 percent. This paper analyzes the relationship between subsidies on the leather industry to leather import-substitution, multiplier effect to footwear sector, and Indonesia trade balance. Author make use of simulation the on Input-Output 2010 table and Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model. The simulation shows 100 billion subsidies on the leather sector, lead for the substitution-import of leather by 7,94 million rupiah, increase the net export foreign exchange by 1.1 billion rupiah of the footwear sector, and for overall, increase Indonesia trade balance deficit by 68 billion rupiah. Keywords: Computable General Equilibrium, footwear, leather, net foreign exchange, subsidy.ABSTRAK: Salah satu terobosan untuk mengurangi defisit neraca perdagangan dan meningkatkan nilai neto devisa ekspor adalah dengan substitusi impor bahan baku yang digunakan untuk memproduksi barang ekspor. Paper ini mengusulkan kajian substitusi impor pada produk alas kaki yang mempunyai ketergantungan bahan baku impornya sebesar 70 persen, dengan komposisi terbesar adalah bahan baku kulit sebesar 67 persen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak stimulus subsidi pada industri kulit terhadap subtitusi impor kulit, dukungan multiplier sektor kulit terhadap sektor alas kaki, serta terhadap devisa ekspor Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan simulasi model Computable General Equilibrium (CGE). Hasil simulasi menunjukkan stimulus subsidi sebesar 100 milyar rupiah pada sektor kulit memberikan substitusi bahan baku kulit sebesar 7,94 juta rupiah, menaikkan devisa ekspor sektor alas kaki sebesar 1.1 miliar rupiah, serta secara keseluruhan menambah defisit neraca berjalan Indonesia sebesar 68 miliar rupiah. Kata kunci: alas kaki, Computable General Equilibrium (CGE), devisa ekspor, kulit, subsidi.

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