scholarly journals Membránové kontaktory a jejich aplikační potenciál

2022 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Václav Durďák ◽  
Marek Martinec ◽  
Radek Škarohlíd
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Space Requirements ◽  
Membrane Contactors

Nowadays, due to the scarcity of natural resources, there is more pressure on the reuse of materials and the application of circular economy principles. For this purpose, increasingly efficient and energy-saving technologies capable of extracting valuable raw materials from waste streams are needed, thus reducing energy and material dependence on primary resources. One such innovative technology is represented by membrane contactors, which enable mass sharing without the need for phase dispersion within each other, thus achieving lower operational and space requirements, as compared to conventional mass sharing devices (e.g. packed bed, tower column or stirred bed reactors). In addition, membrane contactors are very versatile and can be used not only for the recovery of valuable materials from waste streams in waste management processes (in particular recycling of metals or organics), but also as life-saving devices in biomedical applications (e.g. as extracorporeal blood oxygenation devices).

Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recovery in Sustainable Construction Waste Management

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 937-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A Kazerooni Sadi ◽  
Arham Abdullah ◽  
Masoud Navazandeh Sajoudi ◽  
M.F.M. Kamal ◽  
Fatemeh Torshizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Minimization ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Waste Minimisation ◽  
Minimization Technique ◽  
Local Construction

The construction industry consumes a substantial amount of raw materials in its processes and the output is obviously the product and most importantly the waste material. Other than that, the construction industry is well known as one of the worst environmental polluters. This study is to determine the use of waste minimisation technique in creating sustainable waste management in order to identify the technique which has the most capabilities to reduce on-site waste. The objective of this study is to assess the waste minimization techniques taken from the 4R concept (which includes reduce, reuse, recycle and recovery techniques) in minimizing the waste in construction waste management. The most used waste minimization technique found in the 4R concept would be waste reduction. This shows that the local construction industry has the knowledge necessary to plan out the waste management processes but the implementation is still far from satisfying. Additionally, the findings reveal that because the industry is profit-driven, construction practitioners are motivated by profit to adapt to this techniques.

scholarly journals CO2 Utilization and Long-Term Storage in Useful Mineral Products by Carbonation of Alkaline Feedstocks

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Baciocchi ◽  
Giulia Costa
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Carbonation ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Current State ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Change Mitigation

Accelerated carbonation is a carbon utilization option which allows the manufacturing of useful products, employing CO2-concentrated or -diluted emission sources and waste streams such as industrial or other processing solid residues, in a circular economy perspective. If properly implemented, it may reduce the exploitation of virgin raw materials and their associated environmental footprint and permanently store CO2 in the form of Ca and/or Mg carbonates, thus effectively contributing to climate change mitigation. In this perspective article, we first report an overview of the main mineral carbonation pathways that have been developed up to now, focusing on those which were specifically designed to obtain useful products, starting from different alkaline feedstocks. Based on the current state of the art, we then discuss the main critical issues that still need to be addressed in order to improve the overall feasibility of mineral carbonation as a CCUS option, as well as research needs and opportunities.

scholarly journals ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭНЕРГОТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ПРОЦЕССОВ ОБЕЗВОЖИВАНИЯ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО СЫРЬЯ

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
А. В. Гаврилов ◽  
Ігор Віталійович Безбах ◽  
Всеволод Петрович Мордынский ◽  
Олег Григорьевич Бурдо
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Microwave Range ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Dairy Food ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Tomato Paste ◽  
Vacuum Microwave

Рассмотрены мировые тенденции на рынке сушеных продуктов и концентратов. Анализируются энерготехнологии основных процессов обезвоживания – выпарки и сушки. Сравниваются современные технологи обезвоживания и обсуждаются научно-технические противоречия процессов выпарки и сушки. Показаны энергетические преимущества выпарки и ограничения по конечному влагосодержанию готового продукта. Приведены модели материальных балансов при комбинированных технологиях «выпарка - сушка». Представлены инновационные разработки техники обезвоживания – термомеханический агрегат и микроволновой вакуум-выпарной аппарат. Обсуждаются конструктивные варианты агрегата, возможности решать в нем параллельно задачи дробления, плющения, перемешивания и транспортировки продукта. Обоснованы механизмы интенсификации процесса тепломассопереноса в термомеханическом агрегате. Приведены значения коэффициентов теплопередачи в термомеханических агрегатах при обработке сырья в консервных, молочных, пищеконцентратных и винодельческих производствах. Проведено сравнение удельных энергетических затрат в термомеханическом агрегате и в традиционных ленточных и барабанных сушилках. Исследуются инновационные технологии обезвоживания в электромагнитных полях. Показаны перспективы сушилок с электромагнитным подводом энергии микроволнового диапазона. Исследуются процессы выпаривания в традиционных аппаратах и в вакуумных микроволновых.  Приведены модели трансформации, транспорта и потерь энергии в традиционной технологии производства томатной пасты и в установке с термомеханическим агрегатом с ротационным термосифоном. Показано, что инновационная технология позволяет на 40% интенсифицировать процесс выпарки и на 35% снизить удельные расходы энергии. Обоснованы перспективы ступенчатых схем обезвоживания «выпарка - сушка». Проведено развитие методов энергетического менеджмента для исследования энергетической эффективности на основе нового числа подобия – числа энергетического действия.  The world tendencies in the dried products and concentrates market are considered. The energy technologies of the basic processes of dehydration (evaporation and drying) are analyzed. Modern dehydration technologies are compared and the scientific and technical contradictions of the processes of evaporation and drying are discussed. The energy advantages of the evaporation and the limitations by the final moisture content of the finished product are shown. Models of material balances with combined technologies of "evaporation - drying" are given. Innovative developments in dehydration engineering are presented - a thermomechanical unit and a microwave vacuum evaporator. The constructive variants of the unit are discussed, the possibilities of solving in it the tasks of crushing, flattening, mixing and transporting the product in parallel. The mechanisms of intensification of the process of heat and mass transfer in a thermomechanical aggregate are justified. The values of the heat transfer coefficients in thermomechanical aggregates are given for the processing of raw materials in canning, dairy, food-concentrates and wineries. The specific energy costs in a thermomechanical aggregate and in traditional belt and cylinder dryers are compared. Innovative technologies of dehydration in electromagnetic fields are investigated. The prospects of dryers with electromagnetic energy supply of the microwave range are shown. Evaporation processes are studied in conventional apparatuses and in vacuum microwave ones. Models of transformation, transport and energy losses in the traditional technology of tomato paste production and in a device with a thermomechanical unit with a rotary thermosyphon are presented. It is shown that the innovative technology allows to intensify the process of evaporation by 40% and to reduce the energy consumption by 35%. The prospects of stepwise dehydration schemes of "evaporation - drying" are substantiated. Energy management methods have been developed to study energy efficiency based on a new number of similarity – the number of energy actions.

Research on waste reduction technologies in Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Martinuzzi ◽  
Francesca Montevecchi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Cradle To Cradle ◽  
Environmental Technologies ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to offer a profound overview of recent research trends and structures in European waste-related research based on the 7th Framework Programme (FP7), the most important RTD programme in Europe. Design/methodology/approach – In order to analyse Europe-wide research efforts on waste technologies, the authors conducted a qualitative and quantitative analysis of 50 FP7-funded research projects to assess which approaches they take, which technologies they develop and which types of organisations play a leading role. Findings – FP7 waste-related projects care for a multiplicity of environmental technologies concerning waste. The most prominent research fields comprise: first, the recovery of by-products and waste into biomass and other valuable products; second, the development of technologies to rework manufacturing discarded products and, therefore, reduce the total use of raw materials; third, the improvement of manufacturing technologies in order to cut down on industrial waste; and finally, the support of the development of recycling management processes. In total, 52 per cent of all the participants are from the industry sector, which therefore plays an essential role. Practical implications – The analysis show that FP7 supports the shift to a cradle-to-cradle society and is partly in line with the aims of the new Flagship Initiative “A resource-efficient Europe”. Originality/value – This analysis gives the possibility to benchmark the trend of waste-related research carried out at European level against priorities set within European directives.

Development of Innovative Technology for Cryogenic Grape Powders and Drinks

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Зоя Алиевна Яралиева
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Analytical Instruments ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
The Republic

Климатические условия на большей части территории Российской Федерации не позволяют выращивать виноград в открытом грунте, поэтому его завозят из южных районов страны. Производство виноградных напитков обычно сосредоточено в местах выращивания винограда, так как доставка готовой продукции в северные регионы сопряжена со значительными финансовыми затратами. В Республике Дагестан выращивают около 30% винограда в масштабах всей страны, а площадь плодоносящих виноградников занимает более 20 тыс. га. Возникла необходимость переработать виноград таким образом, чтобы полуфабрикат для изготовления напитков выдерживал длительные сроки хранения и транспортировку, отличался высоким качеством и имел небольшую массу. Разработана технология получения виноградных криопорошков, которые можно использовать в качестве пищевых добавок, для изготовления восстановленных соков и напитков. Целью исследования было создание инновационной технологии производства криопорошков для получения безалкогольных напитков. Объектом исследования стал виноград дагестанских технических, столовых и изюмных сортов. Алгоритм получения криопорошков соответствовал предложенной автором схеме: доставка винограда, отделение гребней, инспекция, мойка, дробление, замораживание жидким азотом, обезвоживание в вакуумной СВЧ-установке, криоизмельчение и фасовка. При выполнении работы определяли качественный состав сырья и криопорошков с использованием аналитических приборов и лабораторного оборудования кафедры технологии продуктов питания и учреждений Дагестанского научного Центра РАН. Определен химический состав криопорошков, полученных из винограда, выращенного в горно-долинной зоне Дагестана. Приведены физико-химические показатели напитка из криопорошка винограда. Органолептические показатели изготовленных виноградных напитков подтвердили их высокие качественные показатели. Climatic conditions in most of the Russian Federation do not allow growing grapes in the open field, therefore they are imported from the southern regions of the country. The production of grape drinks is usually concentrated in places where grapes are grown, since the delivery of finished products to the northern regions is associated with significant financial costs. Winegrowers of the Republic of Dagestan grow about 30% of grapes throughout the country, and the area of fruit-bearing vineyards occupies more than 20 thousand hectares. There was a problem to process grapes in such a way that the semi-finished product for the production of drinks withstands long storage and transportation periods, is of high quality and has a small weight. A technology has been developed for producing grape cryopowders, which can be used as food additives, for the production of reconstituted juices and drinks. The aim of the study was to create an innovative technology for the production of cryopowders for the production of soft drinks. The objects of the study were Dagestan common and raisin grapes. The algorithm for obtaining cryopowders corresponded to the scheme proposed by the author: delivery of grapes, separation of ridges, inspection, washing, crushing, freezing with liquid nitrogen, dehydration in a vacuum microwave unit, cryo-grinding and packaging. When performing the work, the qualitative composition of raw materials and cryopowders was determined using analytical instruments and laboratory equipment of the Department of Food Technology and institutions of the Dagestan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The chemical composition of cryopowders obtained from grapes grown in the mountain-valley zone of Dagestan has been determined. The physical and chemical parameters of a wine drink made from grape cryopowder are given. The organoleptic characteristics of the produced wine drinks confirmed their high quality indicators.

Implementing Risk Management Processes Into a Cloud Computing Environment

2018 ◽  
pp. 951-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samer Alhawari ◽  
Mufleh Amin AL Jarrah ◽  
Wa'el Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Computing Environment ◽  
Cloud Computing Environment ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Management Processes

With the significant advances in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) over the last half a century, the Cloud computing paradigm is one of the most discussed topics in the field of ICT today. Additionally, Cloud computing has a critical role in today's business world. Without risk management processes embedded into innovative technology that supports Cloud computing, businesses are setting themselves up for a fall. Hence, in this paper, the authors propose a conceptual model of implementing risk management processes into a Cloud computing environment. It highlights the different processes of risk management (risk identification, risk analysis, risk planning, risk execution, and risk monitoring) and how their existence can affect the Cloud environment to ensure proper protection of data and information in order to ensure Cloud networks and connections are secure.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Biological Application of Polylactic Acid

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 5023
Author(s):  
Ge Li ◽  
Menghui Zhao ◽  
Fei Xu ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Xiangyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biomedical Materials ◽  
Biomedical Material ◽  
Sugar Fermentation ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Good Biocompatibility

Over the past few decades, with the development of science and technology, the field of biomedicine has rapidly developed, especially with respect to biomedical materials. Low toxicity and good biocompatibility have always been key targets in the development and application of biomedical materials. As a degradable and environmentally friendly polymer, polylactic acid, also known as polylactide, is favored by researchers and has been used as a commercial material in various studies. Lactic acid, as a synthetic raw material of polylactic acid, can only be obtained by sugar fermentation. Good biocompatibility and biodegradability have led it to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a biomedical material. Polylactic acid has good physical properties, and its modification can optimize its properties to a certain extent. Polylactic acid blocks and blends play significant roles in drug delivery, implants, and tissue engineering to great effect. This article describes the synthesis of polylactic acid (PLA) and its raw materials, physical properties, degradation, modification, and applications in the field of biomedicine. It aims to contribute to the important knowledge and development of PLA in biomedical applications.

Influence of Socio-Economy in the Next Generation of Thermal Management Solutions for Electronics Consumer Products

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamal Refai-Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electronics Packaging ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Target Market ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The past few decades have seen a number of countries around the world emerge as a growing market for high performance computers. This present study examines, in more detail, how socio-economic influences are shaping the demand function and how some computing landscapes are changing as a consequence. This study is addressing one of the key initiatives to enable 50 percent of the world’s population with access to the World Wide Web. Furthermore, this investigation is addressing the challenges for electronics packaging Engineers and Researchers. Therefore, the rational of the developed technology based on the understanding target market and usages will be given. The impact of addressing the heat dissipation and managing the use of the raw materials of the intended products are discussed. In addition, how the electronics packaging engineers can focus on developing affordable innovative technology. Finally, the impact of all of the above is examined in developing the cost effective solution from a global point of view.

Development of an integrated food quality management system

10.5219/1434 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 862-873
Author(s):  
Mykola Nikolaienko ◽  
Larysa Bal-Prylypko
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Iso 14001 ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Global Population

The high-speed growth in the global population has resulted in a deficit of foods, which has stimulated the development of technologies for planting agricultural products and fattening domestic animals. However, these processes are supplemented in many cases by worsening of the quality of foods and their pollution by foreign substances. To guarantee the proper quality and safety of foodstuffs for health, the International Organization for Standardization developed the standards ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 22000:2018. At the same time, businesses fabricating foods, especially meat-based ones, have to observe the norms of the international standard ISO 14001:2015. Finally, because treatments of raw materials and ingredients used in food products contain in many cases substances harmful for health, enterprises must introduce the norms of standard ISO 45001:2018. To simplify management processes, enterprises introduce so-called ‘integrated management systems’. This study proposes one variant of such a system recommended for use in food-producing organizations including those that treat raw meat and produce products based on its use.

Direct Molding of Polymers for Biomedical Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 611-612 ◽  
pp. 685-692
Author(s):  
Loredana Santo ◽  
Denise Bellisario ◽  
Fabrizio Quadrini
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Polymer Properties ◽  
Single Pellet ◽  
Dsc Analyses ◽  
Micro Molding ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Small Parts

. Direct molding is a simple molding process to produce small parts at low costs. A single pellet or few pellets are directly molded into a transparent mound by means of an IR lamp. A new micro-molding machine has been developed for this study and used to mould polymers for biomedical applications (PCL and PHBV). Due to the small amount of molded material, the proposed process is particular suitable for biomedical applications which are characterized by small numbers of parts and high costs of the raw materials. Moreover, direct molding is able to reduce material degradation and frozen stresses. The new machine has been used to mold small disks from single pellets. This way, the effect of the main process parameters on the molded polymer density has been evaluated. Moreover, DSC analyses have shown the effect of the molding process on the polymer properties. In conclusion, the micro-molding system has been used to produce small components which were tested in terms of dimensional stability and mechanical performances.

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