Tick-borne diseases and the importance of prophylaxis for prevention of borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Aganieszk Gniadek ◽  
Halina Walaszek
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Skin Redness ◽  
Tickborne Encephalitis

The morbidity rate of tick-borne diseases has been rising steadily in Europe as well as in Asia and America. The group of most frequently contracted diseases include borreliosis, tick-borne encephalitis, granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis. Tick-borne diseases are usually transmitted by a tick bite during which germs get to the victim’s blood with the tick’s saliva. Another way of transmitting the disease might be by the alimentary system (only in the case of tick-borne encephalitis). Borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis are the diseases the incidence of which has been increasing in Poland in the last few years making them a serious epidemiological threat. The basic principle of tick-borne diseases prophylaxis is raising awareness among individuals exposed to tick bites, which, in turn, provides these individuals with proper protection. These preventive measures include: wearing proper clothes covering the body completely (long-sleeved tops and trousers tucked into the socks), applying tick repellents, checking the body after potential exposure to ticks, vaccination against tickborne encephalitis, avoiding consuming unpasteurised milk and unpasteurised dairy products, quick and careful removal of the whole tick from the body and the ability to recognize early symptoms of the disease (e.g. skin redness). Only by taking these steps can the increase of tick-borne diseases morbidity be stopped.

scholarly journals Impact of specific prevention on epidemic process of tick-borne viral encephalitis in Siberian Federal District's regions

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
S. V. Shirokostup ◽  
I. P. Saldan
Keyword(s):  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Prognostic Criterion ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article presents an assessment of the effectiveness of the effect of specific prevention measures on the incidence of tick-borne viral encephalitis in the population of the regions of the Siberian Federal District. The data on the incidence of Rospotrebnadzor of the Russian Federation and the regions of the Siberian Federal District for 2000–2017 years were used, the reporting of regional health services, the conditions and cause-effect relationships of the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis were assessed in the analysis of epidemiological survey maps of outbreaks. The study found that the analysis of the potential risk of contact with the foci of this infection in the regions of the Siberian Federal District, based on the ranking of regions by the level of population’s appeal for tick bites, can be considered as a prognostic criterion in planning the volume of preventive measures. Vaccination, having a significant impact on reducing morbidity (r = –0.89; p < 0.001) and mortality (r = –0.86; p < 0.001) from this infection, together with seroprophylaxis, can be one of the leading factors in epidemiological forecasting the incidence of tick-borne viral encephalitis in endemic areas.

scholarly journals Characteristic of epidemiological process of tick-borne viral encephalitis in child population of Siberian federal district regions

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Sergei V. Shirokostup ◽  
Natalya V. Lukyanenko
Keyword(s):  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
Child Population ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis

Aim. To detect the characteristics of the epidemic process of tick-borne encephalitis among the child population of the regions of Siberian Federal District with evaluation of the efficiency of preventive measures regarding this infection. Materials and methods. The data of official statistical reports of Rospotrebnadzor, regional healthcare services were used in the study. Data processing was fulfilled using the program Statistica 13.0. Results. Over the period from 2000 to 2017, a mean long-term tick-borne encephalitis morbidity rate among the persons under seventeen in Siberian Federal District was 6.2 ± 1.39 0/0000 that is by 39.7 % lower than the analogous index in the adult population (8.7 ± 0.82 0/0000, p < 0,001). In the study, there was analyzed the efficiency of preventive measures among children and adolescents and revealed the leading factors, essentially influencing the formation of a tendency of tick-borne viral encephalitis morbidity. Conclusions. The territories of potential risk for this infection within the borders of SFD among the child population were determined.

scholarly journals Detection of antibodies against agents of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and human monocytic ehrlichiosis serum from patients from Novosibirsk Region

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
V. A. Rar ◽  
N. V. Fomenko ◽  
O. V. Mel’nikova ◽  
N. Ya. Chernousova
Keyword(s):  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis

Serum samples from patients hospitalized with febrile illnesses occurring after tick bites were investigated for antibodies against agents of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) and human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME). Ten from 205 patients were shown to contain HGA-specific antibodies, one patient — HME-specific antibodies, and one patient — both antibodies against agents of HGA and HME. Diagnosis of HGA was serologically and clinically confirmed for four patients. All patients with serologically confirmed HGA were shown to contain also antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato or HME-specific antibodies. Moreover, one patient was shown to be infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus. Thus, it seems reasonable to analyze patients with confirmed tick-borne encephalitis as well as with febrile illness after tick bites on the infection with HGA and HME.

scholarly journals Health and Scientific Frames in Online Communication of Tick-Borne Encephalitis: Antecedents of Frame Recognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Kohler ◽  
Isabell Koinig
Keyword(s):  
Online Communication ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
The Public ◽  
Vaccine Refusal ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
One Step

In a period characterized by vaccine hesitancy and even vaccine refusal, the way online information on vaccination is presented might affect the recipients’ opinions and attitudes. While research has focused more on vaccinations against measles or influenza, and described how the framing approach can be applied to vaccination, this is not the case with tick-borne encephalitis, a potentially fatal infection induced by tick bites. This study takes one step back and seeks to investigate whether health and scientific frames in online communication are even recognized by the public. Moreover, the influence of selected health- and vaccine-related constructs on the recognition of frames is examined. Study results indicate that health frames are the most easily identified and that their use might be a fruitful strategy when raising awareness of health topics such as vaccination.

Bovine hypodermatosis in Stavropol region: distribution, pathogenesis, veterinary and sanitary assessment of slaughter products

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Vasiliy P. Petropavlovsky ◽  
◽  
Vyacheslav V. Marchenko ◽  
Lyudmila S. Vikulova ◽  
Olga D. Chepeleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Hypoderma Lineatum ◽  
Hypoderma Bovis ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
Histomorphological Changes

Summary. Data on distribution of hypodermatosis among large horned cattle in Stavropol region are presented in the article. It was proved that this pathology is widespread in this region. From 12% to 38% of animals from the total number of examined livestock are affected. Ordinary subcutaneous botfly (stroma) Hypoderma bovis de Geer and south subcutaneous botfly (pischevodnik) Hypoderma lineatum de Villers parasites on large horned cattle. The species ratio of gadflies is: Hypoderma bovis (de Gee - 61.1%, Hypoderma lineatum de Villers - 38.9%). The disease is widespread in all climatic zones of Stavropol region. Animals of all age and sex groups are infected, but young animals are more often affected. Linear relationship between the indicators of the transformation of climatic conditions in Stavropol region, the spread of hypodermatosis and the timing of treatment and preventive measures were determined. Authors proved that the complete death of H. bovis and H. lineatum imago (regardless of the time of their hatching) was noted when the temperature drops to -3°C for two days. Thus, this temperature determines the start of treatment and preventive measures against hypodermatosis in the area of animal welfare. When analyzing the histomorphological changes caused by H. bovis and H. lineatum in the body of large horned cattle, perforation of the skin, swelling of adjacent tissues, disorganization of the stroma and structural elements, erythrocyte aggregation, hemorrhages, hydropic degeneration of cellular elements, tissue necrosis, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration of affected organs and tissues were observed. The data on pathogenesis were presented, the analysis of economic damage and the veterinary and sanitary assessment of the products of slaughter of cattle with hypodermatosis were carried out.

EFFICIENCY OF USING GENODIAGNOSTIC TEST IN ASSESSMENT OF PERINATAL INFECTION OF YOUNG ANIMALS IN PREVENTION OF LEUKEMIA OF CATTLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-455
Author(s):  
N.G. Kozyreva ◽  
◽  
I.Yu. Abashin ◽  
L.A. Ivanova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Perinatal Infection ◽  
Serological Method ◽  
Drinking Milk

This article presents the results of determining the level of perinatal infection of calves with the bovine leukemia virus at the age from birth to colostrum intake and 1-1.5 months after birth when drinking milk from healthy individuals, excluding the alimentary transmission route, with an infection frequency of 5.4% in the surveyed farm. Improvement of molecular diagnostics based on genomic analysis in the scheme of complex antiepizootic/recreational measures for bovine leukemia has been carried out in order to improve the quality of dairy products. As part of the implementation and improvement of the scheme of preventive measures, a positive trend was found, expressed in a tendency to a 3.6-fold decrease in the frequency of detection of BLV infection of young animals. In the course of work, the efficiency of the use of a gene diagnostic test - multiplex PCR-RT – as a tool for the specific prevention of bovine leukemia of calves in the early stages of the disease was shown: the relative diagnostic sensitivity of the PCR-RT technique is at a level not lower than that of the serological method and differs in the side of overestimation by 3.8 times.

Differences in triglyceride levels before and after whey protein intervention in field workers exposed and unexposed to arsenic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-171
Author(s):  
Eka Putri Rahmadhani ◽  
Ani Margawati ◽  
Apoina Kartini
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unexposed Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Field Workers

Background: A work environment that is exposed to heavy metals, such as a coal mining environment, can change fat metabolism in the body. Changes in fat metabolism will lead to cardiovascular disease. Consumption of dairy products, e.g. whey protein, can reduce the risk of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease.Objectives: To test and analyze the differences in triglyceride levels before and after whey protein intervention to field workers with different working conditions.Materials and Methods: This experimental research with pretest and posttest was conducted on field workers at PT Bukit Asam Tbk. Tarahan Port Unit, Lampung as an Arsenic exposed group and PTPN VII Way Berulu Business Unit as an Arsenic unexposed group. Both groups received 24 grams of whey protein daily for 28 days. The triglyceride levels before and after the intervention were measured by laboratory analysis using the enzymatic calorimetry method. The data were analyzed using independent t-test, Mann Whitney test, and Wilcoxon test.Results: The average triglyceride levels increased by 50.48 ± 98.09 mg/dL in the exposed group and 16.78 ± 67.67 mg/dL in the unexposed group. There was a significant difference in triglyceride levels before and after the whey protein intervention in the two groups.Conclusions: The whey protein intervention increased the triglyceride level in the exposed group and decreased it in the unexposed group.

THE HORMONAL COMPOSITION OF MILK IN PRODUCTIVE ANIMALS AND ITS SAFETY FOR HUMANS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-321
Author(s):  
P.A. Popov ◽  
◽  
V.S. Babunova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Important Food ◽  
The Past ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
And Control

Hormones are an integral part of milk and throughout lactation, the content of certain hormones is unstable. Hormones regulate the process of starting lactation of animals, the lactation process itself, and also the other functions of the body. Milk is of great importance for the growth of young animals and the formation of immunity. Milk is a special product in the diet and is an important food and raw material for the production of dairy products for people. It contains a large amount of protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and trace elements in biologically available form. But at the same time, over the past few years, more and more evidence has emerged that hormones in dairy products can impact on human health. Thus, some estrogens and insulin-like growth factor IGF-1 are involved in the initiation and provocation of breast, prostate and endometrial tumors. That’s why, it is necessary to normalize and control the content of certain hormones in milk with highly sensitive methods.

scholarly journals Role of Stress on Women’s Health: Causes and Prevention

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Razia Saleem ◽  
Shamsul Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
General Condition ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
After Hours ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Intense Research

In recent years, stress has been the focus of intense research attention. Stress is a misfit between the demands of the environment and the individual’s abilities; the imbalance may be corrected, according to the situation, either by adjusting external demands to fit the individual or by strengthening the individual’s ability to cope or both. Everyone is exposed to stress, and a great number of people have experienced the traces of stress. Women are socialized to be the caretakers of others. More women than men have both a career outside the home and continue to try to juggle traditional responsibilities after hours. It has often been shown that women are the worriers and often do not make time to manage their health and take care of themselves. Stress is on the rise for women as they struggle to find a balance between their homes and careers. The recession has caused a greater need for women to work outside of the home to support their families. Health is a general condition of the body or mind with reference to soundness and vigor; it will be reflected by good or poor health. A poor health affects our mind, as a stressed life affects our health. The struggle that women confront each days trying to achieve the standards of being a daughter, women, wife, mother, house, and/ or career keeper puts us in a vulnerable position of presenting stress effects that may affect our health. And there are some preventive measures to cope with stress such as meditation, yoga, quality time etc.

scholarly journals SPECIFICS OF FORECASTING METHODOLOGY INDUSTRIAL INJURIES AND PROFESSIONAL DISEASES

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Yury POLUKAROV ◽  
Olena ZEMLYANSKA ◽  
Nataliia KACHYNSKA ◽  
Liudmyla MITIUK
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Information Analysis ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Analysis System

Purpose. Substantiate the need for development of new scientific and methodological foundations for forecasting occupational injuries and illnesses. Methodology. Analyze existing methods of occupational injuries and illnesses forecasting, propose a new algorithm for calculation of their levels, set scientific and methodological requirements to information analysis system used for the prevention of occupational illnesses. Findings. Modern methods of forecasting injuries make it possible to assess the effectiveness of preventive measures. However, there is no universal method for analyzing the occupational morbidity due to the different specifics of disease causes and manifestations which do not allow to conduct a realistic assessment of labor protection in a particular area over a given period of time. Therefore, it is the reduction in the level of occupational injuries and illnesses compared to the data obtained by the forecasting method that may be indicative of preventive measures effectiveness. At the same time, development of information analysis system of personal protective equipment continues to be a pressing issue (PPE). Originality. It has been proposed to develop a special mathematical tool for determining loss reduction and information analysis system, which will provide a forecasted estimate of occupational morbidity at an enterprise. To obtain a reliable forecast it is important to identify the average value of cases over a given period of time, which has been considered in this paper. Conclusions and Practical Significance. There are numerous methods available for analysis of occupational injuries and illnesses. Most of them, however, are unfit for the assessment of occupational diseases. Since chronic occupational illnesses have a cumulative nature, the rate of work-related diseases is more predictable than that of injuries and accidents. This makes it possible to determine the “occupational morbidity rate” provided that the time spent by workers in the area of exposure to occupational hazards is recorded together with reference data on the conditional level of exposure to each hazard. Keywords: forecasting, injuries, occupational morbidity, occupational safety activities, hazard, information analysis system.

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