Polypropylene matrix composite with charcoal filler

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (103) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
M. Polok-Rubiniec ◽  
A. Włodarczyk-Fligier
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Laser Method ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Polypropylene Matrix ◽  
Carbon Fillers ◽  
Test Profiles

Purpose: The aim of the article is to present the thermal, electrical and mechanical properties of the produced polymer composites with a filler in the form of charcoal powder. Design/methodology/approach: The tests were carried out on samples of pure polypropylene (PP) and polymer composites, the matrix of which is polypropylene (PP), and the filler was charcoal powder with a volume fraction of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. The tested polymer composites in the form of granules were produced by extrusion, and then standardised test profiles were made by injection moulding. Findings: The hardness of the tested composites was determined by the Shore D method, the grain size distribution of the filler used was determined using the laser method and its thermal stability was tested using the TGA thermogravimetric analysis. The volume and surface resistivity were also determined and the density was determined. It was found that the charcoal powder used as a filler is characterised by high thermal stability – up to 600°C – and with an increase in its volume share in the polymer matrix, the hardness and density of the produced composites increases. Practical implications: The tested composites can be used as structural composites for complex elements requiring high hardness and strength. Originality/value: The research results indicate the possibility of using charcoal as a filler in polymer matrix, which, due to its low production cost, may be an alternative to expensive carbon fillers.

Effect of WC content on glass formation, thermal stability, and phase evolution of a TiNbCuNiAl alloy synthesized by mechanical alloying

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.Y. Li ◽  
C. Yang ◽  
W.P. Chen ◽  
X.Q. Li
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Supercooled Liquid ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Supercooled Liquid Region ◽  
Glassy Matrix ◽  
Liquid Region ◽  
The Matrix

Amorphous Ti66Nb13Cu8Ni6.8Al6.2 alloy powders with different tungsten carbide (WC) contents were synthesized by mechanical alloying. Outstanding differences in particle size, thermal stability, glass-forming ability, and phase evolution are found for the synthesized Ti-based glassy powders with different WC contents. This is attributed to the fact that the WC was partially alloyed into the glassy matrix and the matrix element Ti was also partially alloyed into the WC particles. The obtained glassy powders exhibit a wide supercooled liquid region above 64 K. Meanwhile, the main crystalline phase is the ductile β-Ti with a high volume fraction in the crystallized alloy powders. These two aspects offer the possibility of easily preparing a plasticity-enhanced bulk composite in the supercooled liquid region by powder metallurgy, which couples the nanosized WC particles with in situ precipitated ductile β-Ti phase.

Overall Temperature-Dependent Elastic Properties of Carbon Fiber Polymer Matrix Composites at High Temperatures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teja G. K. Konduri ◽  
Olesya I. Zhupanska
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Type Equation ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Pyrolysis Gases

Abstract In this paper we discuss the effect of volumetric ablation on the overall elastic properties of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite. An Arrhenius type equation describing polymer decomposition was used to determine volume fractions of evolving polymer matrix phases (i.e. polymer, growing pores filled with pyrolysis gases, and char). The effect of the pressure exerted by pyrolysis gases trapped inside the pores was analyzed. Microstructures consisting of carbon fibers (circular inclusions) in the matrix and pores (elliptic inclusions) in the polymer were generated. Temperature dependency was addressed by generating microstructures with different volume fraction of pores, which were calculated from the mass loss model. Two-step numerical homogenization of representative volume elements (RVEs) was performed using finite element analysis (FEA). The developed procedures were applied to calculate temperature dependent (up to 700 K) effective elastic properties of the AS4/3501-6 composite. The results are compared to the existing experimental data and show good agreement.

The Research of the Effective Moduli of Particle Reinforced Polymer Composites Based on Interface Debonding

2009 ◽  
Vol 413-414 ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
Xin Long Chang ◽  
Bin Jian ◽  
Chang Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Cohesive Zone Model ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Micromechanical Model ◽  
Interface Debonding ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Effective Moduli ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Particulate Size

This paper is devoted to studying influences of matrix/particle interface debonding and particulate size in micromechanical predictions of the effective moduli of particulate reinforced polymer composites (PRPC). The PRPC is regarded as a three-phase composite that includes the matrix, particle and interphase. The formulation for the effective moduli of the interphase is derived by the cohesive zone model, and combined with the Mori-Tanaka method, the micromechanical model for the effective moduli of the PRPC is formulated with emphasis on the effects of the matrix/particle interface, particulate size and volume fraction. The numerical example shows that the interface debonding, the particulate size and volume fraction have significant influences on the effective moduli of PRPC. The effective moduli of the PRPC can be used to characterize its damage degree.

EFFECT OF AGING ON THE MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF A Ni-RICH NiTiHf HIGH TEMPERATURE SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY

2012 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250038 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALPER EVIRGEN ◽  
FABIAN BASNER ◽  
IBRAHIM KARAMAN ◽  
RONALD D. NOEBE ◽  
JAUME PONS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Interparticle Spacing ◽  
Precipitate Size ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Fraction Increase

The effect of aging on the microstructure and transformation temperatures of Ni 50.3 Ti 34.7 Hf 15 was studied. Small interparticle spacing induced by the precipitation of very fine particles, 4–5 nm in size, decreases Ms after short term aging at 450°C and 500°C. The precipitate size and volume fraction increase with aging at longer times and higher temperatures, and as a consequence, Ms increases due to Ni -depletion of the matrix. In general, thermal stability is improved due to precipitation hardening.

Fabrication and tensile testing of 3D printed continuous wire polymer composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1131-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehia Ibrahim ◽  
Garrett W. Melenka ◽  
Roger Kempers
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Analytical Prediction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Continuous Wire ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
American Society

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate and predict the tensile properties of additively manufactured continuous wire polymer composites (CWPCs). Design/methodology/approach An open-source 3D printer was modified to print CWPCs where metal wires act as a reinforcement within a polymer matrix. The influence of different wire materials and diameters on the tensile modulus and ultimate tensile strength was studied. Different polymer matrixes were used to investigate the effect of the matrix on CWPCs’ tensile properties. The behaviour of samples was predicted analytically using the rule of mixture micromechanical approach and investigated experimentally using an American society for testing and materials standard tensile test. Findings Experimental results showed improvement in the elastic modulus and ultimate strength of CWPCs compared with non-reinforced specimens. Deviation between the experimental data and the analytical prediction was found to be dependent on the matrix type, wire volume fraction and wire material. Originality/value This paper introduces novel continuous metal wire-reinforced 3D printed composites. The continuous wire inside the print can be used as a strain gauge which can give an early alert for material failure. Applications for CWPCs include 3D-printed pressure and temperature sensors which measure the change in the wire’s electrical resistance and 3D-printed heaters which would work by supplying current through continuous wires.

Simulation of the Time-Dependent Wear and Surface Accumulation Behavior of Particle-Filled Polymer Composites

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry A. Blanchet ◽  
Sung Won Han
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Filled Polymer ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Nonsteady State

A simulation has been developed to model the transient wear of particle-filled polymer composites as a function of sliding distance. All inputs are parameters of physical significance, including filler bulk volume fraction, specific wear rate (relative to that of the matrix), and contact pressure. Run-in wear behavior is simulated by consideration of the accumulation of wear-resistant filler particles and the formation of a volume fraction profile near the composite sliding surface, facilitated by matrix cold flow. Simulation outputs include time-dependent volume fraction profile, and composite wear rate and wear volume. The simulation may be used for evaluation of candidate materials for applications in which nonsteady-state run-in wear effects are important, as well as a guide for the engineering of composite surfaces with graded volume fraction profiles that may provide resistance to initial transient wear contributions.

scholarly journals Micro-buckling of carbon fibers in shape memory polymer composites under bending in the glass transition temperature region

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-108
Author(s):  
Nilesh Tiwari ◽  
AbdulHafiz A. Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Half Wavelength ◽  
The Matrix

Abstract The influence of a wide temperature range in the glass transition region of a shape memory polymer (SMP) matrix on micro-buckling of the fiber reinforcements in shape memory polymer composites (SMPC) under large bending deformation is described. Analytical expressions to estimate the strain energy, neutral strain surface, critical buckling surface and half wavelength of the buckled fibers in the SMPC are presented based on the minimum energy method. This study considers the reinforced fibers as three-dimensional elastic bodies and the matrix as a temperature stimulated flat plate. A comprehensive study was performed to understand the dynamic temperature behavior of the micro-buckled fibers and corresponding results were validated by previous works in the literature. The effects of fiber volume fraction and thickness of the SMPC plates on the half wavelength are also discussed along with the simultaneous influence of temperature on the parameters computed in the minimum energy analysis.

On the static and dynamic properties of fiber-reinforced polymer composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1560-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Yang Gao ◽  
Jian Zhang Xiao ◽  
Liang Chi Zhang ◽  
Ying Lin Ke
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Phase Model ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Matrix

This article establishes a reliable constitutive model to describe the behaviors of fiber-reinforced polymer composites under quasi-static and dynamic loading. This model integrates the contributions of all the three phases of a composite: the fiber, the matrix, and the fiber/matrix interphase, which make it capable of capturing the key micromechanical effect of the interphase on the macroscopic mechanical properties of composites. The interphase is taken as a transversely isotropic material together with the fiber. By analyzing glass/epoxy and carbon/epoxy composites, it was found that the model predictions agree well with the experimental data and the model is more effective particularly when the fiber volume fraction is high. The dynamic three-phase model was also established by using the coupling of the elastic and Maxwell elements for the viscoelasticity of the matrix as well as the interphase. The article concludes that the three-phase model with consideration of the interphase influence can precisely characterize the static and dynamic mechanical properties of a FRP composite.

Recyclable PP/Polyamide Composite

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas N Abraham ◽  
K.E. George ◽  
Ton. Peijs
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Polypropylene Matrix ◽  
Styrene Maleic Anhydride

A commercial grade of polypropylene matrix reinforced with waste polyamide (nylon 6) fibres of two diameters at levels up to 40wt% (100 polypropylene + 40 polyamide) was studied. Smaller diameter fibres showed better mechanical properties than larger diameter ones. Attempts were made to improve the interfacial adhesion between the fibres and the matrix by grafting with maleic anhydride and with also styrene maleic anhydride. The mechanical properties showed significant improvements as a result of these modifications. Thermal stability was also marginally improved. These composites could be easily recycled by processing them above the melting point of the reinforcing fibres.

scholarly journals Thermal properties and morphology of polypropylene based on exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets/nanomagnesium oxide

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Alateyah
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Exfoliated Graphite ◽  
Graphite Nanoplatelets ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Moulding Machine ◽  
Exfoliated Graphite Nanoplatelets ◽  
Polypropylene Matrix ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Abstract Polypropylene/exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet (xGnP) composites reinforced with 2 wt.% nano-magnesia (n-MgO) have been successfully fabricated using an injection moulding machine. In the present study, the thermal properties and morphological structure of the composites were investigated. The XRD patterns of the composites showed xGnP and n-MgO peaks, and the intensity of the xGnP peaks increased with increased concentration in a polypropylene matrix. In addition, the SEM micrographs revealed a good dispersion of filler within the matrix. The nanocomposites showed better thermal stability than the pristine polymer. The improvement in onset temperature compared to virgin PP was found to be 3.6% for 100 wt.% PP, 4% for PP/1xGnP/2n-MgO, 5.5% for PP/2.5xGnP/2n-MgO, and 5.9% for PP/5xGnP/2n-MgO, PP/10xGnP/2n-MgO. In contrast, the crystallinity was reduced by the addition of fillers.

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