The Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Compounds of Citrus grandis Extract Against Human Infective Bacteria

Background: With the presence of secondary metabolites that have antimicrobial properties and bacterial resistance against antibiotics, medicinal plants have attracted the attention of researchers in the pharmaceutical industry. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and antioxidant activity and phytochemical compounds of Citrus grandis extract against human infection bacteria in-vitro. Methods: Samples of Citrus grandis were collected from the north of Iran and assessed in terms of the antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using the agar well diffusion method. In addition, the anti-radical activity was determined by DPPH, total phenols were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and flavonoids were determined using aluminum chloride. The presence of alkaloid, saponin, and tannin was also investigated. Data analysis was performed in SPSS. Results: The colored and white skin methanol extract of C. grandis indicated more significant inhibitory effects on Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Micrococcus luteus. The total phenol content of the colored and white skin was estimated at 79.71 and 71.63 mgGA/g, and the flavonoid level was determined to be 3.63 and 4.06 mgQ/g, respectively. The IC50 of the colored and white skin methanol extract and ascorbic acid were estimated at 0.1251, 0.1376, and 0.1095 mg.mL-1, respectively. The methanol extract of the colored skin showed the presence of alkaloid, while the white skin showed the presence of alkaloid and saponin. Conclusions: According to the results, the C. grandis extract had antioxidant and antibacterial properties due to the presence of secondary metabolites. Therefore, it is recommended that natural and rare drugs be produced to control pathogenic bacteria in the pharmaceutical industry.

Download Full-text

Antibacterial Activity of Liverworts of Dumortiera hirsute (Sw.) Nees Ethyl Acetate Extract Against Pathogenic Bacteria

BERKALA SAINSTEK ◽

10.19184/bst.v9i2.22645 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Luthfiah Luthfiah ◽

Dwi Setyati ◽

Sattya Arimurti

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Agar Well Diffusion Method

Dumortiera hirsuta is one of the liverworts that can be used as a medicinal to prevent infection by pathogenic bacteria. The content of secondary metabolites of D. hirsuta has potential as antibacterial properties includes flavonoids, alkaloids and steroids. This research is to analyze the antibacterial activity of moss D. hirsuta against pathogenic bacteria that will be beneficial to humans. Liverworts of D. hirsuta were extracted using ethyl acetate solvent and tested against three types of pathogenic bacteria using the agar well-diffusion method. The results of this study indicated that the ethyl acetate extract of D. hirsuta at 100% concentration could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi bacteria. The range of antibacterial activity categories of the ethyl acetate extract of D. hirsuta to E. coli, S. aureus, and S. typhi between weak to moderate.

Download Full-text

IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST BACTERIAL PATHOGENS CAUSING SKIN DISEASES IN VAPOR PHASE

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2019.v11s5.t0084 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 113-115

Author(s):

PURIT PATTANAPANIT ◽

SUNISA MITHONGLANG ◽

SUNITA MITHONGLANG ◽

SURACHAI TECHAOEI

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Volatile Oils

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of volatile oils from aromatic plants against pathogenic bacteria.Methods: Thai aromatic plants such as Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth (Patchouli oil), Cymbopogon nardus Rendle (Citronella grass oil), Pelargoniumroseum (Geranium oil), Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill and Perry (clove oil), Cinnamomum spp.(cinnamon oil), and Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.(lemongrass oil) were selected. Essential oils were obtained by water distillation and were stored at 4°C until use. Five human pathogenic bacteria wereobtained from Thai traditional Medicine College, Rajamangala University of Technology, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcusaureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial activity of volatile oils was determined by disc-diffusionassay. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of each essential oil were determined.Results: Our study showed that 10% of essential oil from Cinnamomum spp. was the most potential against S. aureus, MRSA, and E. coli when assayedby disc-diffusion method with inhibition zones ranging from 37.66±0.57 to 45.33±1.15 mm and from 29.33±0.57 to 36.00±1.00 for lemongrass oilwith MIC and MBC of 1.25%.Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that some essential oils have potential antibacterial activity. The present investigation providessupport to the antibacterial properties of essential oils and will be applied to health-care product as aroma antibacterial products.

Download Full-text

Identification and Antibacterial Characterization of Endophytic Fungi from Artemisia sieberi

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2021/6651020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Ibtisam Mohammed Ababutain ◽

Sahar Khamees Aldosary ◽

Amal Abdulaziz Aljuraifani ◽

Azzah Ibrahim Alghamdi ◽

Amira Hassan Alabdalall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Molecular Identification ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Artemisia Sieberi

Endophytic fungi serve as a reservoir for important secondary metabolites. The current study focused on the antibacterial properties of endophytic fungi isolated from Artemisia sieberi. Initially, six endophytic fungi were isolated and purified from the stem of A. sieberi. Endophytic fungi were identified by morphological characteristics, as well as by molecular identification using 18S rRNA gene sequencing method. All the six isolates were subjected to the preliminary screening for their antibacterial activity against nine important pathogenic bacteria using the disk-diffusion method. Crude extracts of the most active isolate were obtained using ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate extract was evaluated using well diffusion method on the selected isolate. The antibacterial efficiency of the selected isolate was evaluated by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). MIC values were in appreciable quantity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria ranging from 3.125 to 6.25 µg/mL and 12.5 to 50 µg/mL, respectively. This result indicated that Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to the endophytic fungi extract. Moreover, the molecular identification results revealed that all the isolates belong to Ascomycota and represented Aspergillus and Penicillium genera and three species: A. oryzae (three isolates), A. niger (one isolate), and P. chrysogenum (two isolates). All six endophytic fungi were able to inhibit the growth of at least two of the tested bacteria. Among the isolated strains, isolate AS2, which identified as P. chrysogenum, exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against all nine tested bacteria and was higher than or equal to the positive control against most of the tested bacteria. Future studies are required to isolate and identify these bioactive substances, which can be considered as a potential source for the synthesis of new antibacterial drugs to treat infectious diseases.

Download Full-text

Aktywność biologiczna roślinnych produktów pszczelich pochodzących z Gór Sowich

Postępy Fitoterapii ◽

10.25121/pf.2020.21.2.67 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Magdalena Woźniak ◽

Lucyna Mrówczyńska ◽

Anna Sip ◽

Izabela Ratajczak

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Total Phenol Content ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

High Biological Activity

Introduction. Herbal bee products, including honey, propolis and pollen, are wide applied in various branches of industry due to their natural origin and biological activities. Bee products exhibit e.g. antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activity. In addition, honey, propolis and pollen characterize diverse and complex chemical composition. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine antioxidant and antibacterial activity of honey, propolis and pollen from the Sowie Mountains. Material and methods. In the study, honey, propolis and pollen collected from an apiary located in the Sowie Mountains were used. The tested bee products were extracted with ethanol, and the obtained extracts from bee products were used to determine their antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The antioxidant potential of bee products were evaluated applying DPPH· free radical scavenging activity assay. The antimicrobial activity of the tested bee products was determined by the point-diffusion method against 13 strains of pathogenic and potentially pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the total content of phenolic compounds in the tested bee products was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Results. Among the tested bee products, propolis exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. The antiradical activity of propolis was equal to 96% approx. activity of Trolox, the standard antioxidant used in this study. Propolis had the highest total phenol content. All bee products showed antagonistic activity against all tested bacterial strains, however, propolis was characterized by the highest antibacterial activity. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that among the tested bee products (honey, propolis and pollen), the highest antioxidant and antibacterial activity showed propolis. The high biological activity of propolis is associated with the high content of phenolic compounds.

Download Full-text

Assessment of Total Phenolic, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities ofPassifloraSpecies

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/167309 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Shiamala Devi Ramaiya ◽

Japar Sidik Bujang ◽

Muta Harah Zakaria

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Phenolic Antioxidant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Methanol Extracts

This study focused on total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the leaves and stems ofPassiflora quadrangularis,P. maliformis, andP. edulisextracted using three solvents: petroleum ether, acetone, and methanol. The maximum extraction yields of antioxidant components from the leaves and stems were isolated using methanol extracts ofP. edulis(24.28%) andP. quadrangularis(9.76%), respectively. Among the leaf extracts, the methanol extract ofP. maliformishad the significantly highest TPC and the strongest antioxidant activity, whereas among the stem extracts, the methanol extract ofP. quadrangularisshowed the highest phenolic amount and possessed the strongest antioxidant activity. The antibacterial properties of thePassifloraspecies were tested using the disc diffusion method against 10 human pathogenic bacteria. The largest inhibition zone was observed for the methanol extract ofP. maliformisagainstB. subtilis. Generally, extracts from thePassifloraspecies exhibit distinct inhibition against Gram-positive but not Gram-negative bacteria. Based on the generated biplot, three clusters of bacteria were designated according to their performance towards the tested extracts. The present study revealed that methanol extracts of thePassifloracontain constituents with significant phenolic, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical uses.

Download Full-text

Antibacterial activity of Actinomycetes symbiont with seaweeds: a prosperous agent of animal antibacterial

Aceh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.13170/ajas.1.2.4475 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Bertoka Fajar S.P. Negara ◽

. Riyanti ◽

Bintang Marhaeni ◽

Aradea B. Kusuma

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Pcr Amplification ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Amplification Method ◽

The Relationship

Circulation of synthetic antibacterial chemicals which is used continuously can cause resistance to bacteria. Alternative synthetic antibiotics research then comes up as an urgent need. Recently, the discovery of new antibacterial agents is looking for Actinomycetes. Actinomycetes are one of the active marine bacteria which produce secondary metabolites that could be used as antibacterial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activities of Actinomycetes symbiont with Halimeda macroloba, Gelidiella acerosa, and Turbinaria ornata in Pangandaran beach, Indonesia. A total of 41 Actinomycetes were isolated from 3 species of seaweed. Rep PCR amplification method was used to characterize and identify the relationship between samples. Primer BOX A1R (5’-CTACGGCAAGGCGACGCTGACGCTGACG-3’), 27F (5'-AGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG-3') and 1492R (5'-TACGGYTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3') was used in amplification 16s DNA. Six isolates from the representative cluster dendogram were selected for secondary metabolites extraction using ethyl acetate solvent, meanwhile agar diffusion method was used as Antibacterial activity assay using E. coli, Proteus sp., and Enterobacter sp. as the bacterial test. The results showed that the activity of secondary metabolite extracts of Actinomycetes symbiont with Halimeda macroloba presented the highest inhibition zone on 3 bacterial tests. In the future, it could be a potential antibacterial agent against animal pathogenic bacteria.

Download Full-text

Antimicrobial activities and phytochemical screening of leaf extract of Mikania micrantha H.B.K

Journal of Natural History Museum ◽

10.3126/jnhm.v30i0.27603 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 274-286

Author(s):

Anjana Devkota ◽

Anita Sahu

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Mikania Micrantha ◽

Crude Leaf Extract

Antimicrobial activities and phytochemical screening of leaves of Mikania micrantha was tested in laboratory against phytopathogenic fungi and human pathogenic bacteria. The leaves samples were extracted in distilled water and methanol. The crude extracts of leaves were assessed in-vitro for antimicrobial activity using different concentrations (50, 100, 150,200, and 250 mg/ml) against five fungal strains (viz. Sclerotium rolfsii, Phytopthora capsici, Alternaria brassicae, Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea) and six bacterial strains (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcusfaecalis and Staphylococcus aureus). Antifungal activity was tested by Poison Food Technique and Linear Mycelium growth Reduction (LMGR) percentage was determined. In crude extractof M. micrantha, the highest LMGR percentage was found in F. oxysporum in both distilledwater and methanol extract. Antibacterial activity was carried out by Disc Diffusion method. In the crude leaf extract of M. micrantha Gram negative bacteria was found more resistant than Gram positive bacteria. Methanol extract was found more effective in determining the Zone of Inhibition for all the strains of bacteria in all the concentrations. The plant extracts were found more effective in showing antibacterial activity than antifungal activity. The phytochemicalscreening revealed that the selected species contained tannin, saponins, alkaloid, flavonoid, cardiac glycosides and terpenoids. This result supports the potential of this plant species used as a new chemotherapeutic drug.

Download Full-text

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF Sinularia, Sarcophyton, AND Lobophytum FROM TULAMBEN, BALI

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v2i1.240 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 654

Author(s):

Monika Ruwaimana ◽

Boy Rahardjo Sidharta ◽

Patricius Kianto Atmodjo

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Rotary Evaporation ◽

Agar Diffusion Method

Softcoral has a potency as the new source of bioactive compound. This research aims to study antibacterial activity from several softcorals. Samples were identified as Sinularia, Sarcophyton and Lobophytum taken from Tulamben, Bali. Samples were extracted by maceration technique with methanol (70, 80, and 96%) and dried by rotary evaporation. Antibacterial activity of the extracts was tested by agar diffusion method to pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus,and Streptococcus pyogenes. Antibacterial activity results were: Sarcophytonshowed highest activity, followed by Lobophytum and Sinularia. The most inhibited bacterium was P. aeruginosa. Methanol 80 and 90% showed similar results, while 70% resulted below them. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Sarcophyton(96% methanol extract) to P. aeruginosa was 4% v/v. Keywords: Softcoral, antibacterial, Sinularia, Sarcophyton,Lobophytum

Download Full-text

Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of Methanol Extract from Kasturi Mango Fruit (Mangifera casturi) on Caries-Causing Bacterium Streptococcus mutans

Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi ◽

10.14710/jksa.22.6.235-241 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 235-241

Author(s):

Usep Suhendar ◽

Muhammad Fathurrahman ◽

Sogandi Sogandi

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Octadecenoic Acid ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Mango Fruit ◽

Phytochemical Compounds ◽

Bacterial Cell Membrane

One of the problems frequently found in the oral cavity is dental caries caused by Streptococcus mutans. Thus far, dental caries is treated using antibiotics. However, the bacterium is known to be resistant to many antibiotics; hence, another alternative is needed. An alternative option is found in the Kasturi mango (Mangifera casturi). This study aims to identify the bioactive compounds of Kasturi mango and find out the mechanism of its action in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Kasturi mangoes were macerated using 96% methanol, then the phytochemical compounds were identified qualitatively. Antibacterial activity testing was carried out using the agar diffusion method, and bioactive compounds were identified using GCMS. The results showed that the methanol extract of Kasturi mango contains alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and saponins. In 1 gr/mL of the methanol extract of Kasturi mango fruit has an inhibitory activity against the growth of Streptococcus mutans with a zone of inhibition of ± 10 mm and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) value of 25% extract. The inhibitory action is suspected to be through a mechanism where holes in the bacterial cell membrane are made. This can be seen from the results of SEM (scanning electron microscope) images showing that cell leakage or lysis has occurred. This research also, for the first time, revealed the types of bioactive compounds from the methanol extracts of Kasturi mango (Mangifera casturi) consisting of 18 compounds with the most abundance is 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural compounds, Octadecenoic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Phenyl 4-methyl-1-piperidine carboxylate, and Methyl linolenate.

Download Full-text

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT, ACALYPHA FRUTICOSA FORSSK.

Kongunadu Research Journal ◽

10.26524/krj149 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 72-74

Author(s):

Thambiraj J

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Root Extracts ◽

Bacterium Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Bacterium Bacillus

The present study is to confirm the antibacterial efficacy of root extracts of the folklore medicinal plant species, Acalypha fruticosa by using three alcoholic solvents viz; petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol were tested against ten human pathogenic bacteria viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. stutzeri,Escherichia coli, Micrococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Servatia sp., Moraxetta sp., Bacillus subtilis, B. thuriengensis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae for assessing the antibacterial properties by adapting disc diffusion method. The results of the study revealed that all extracts showed varied degree of antibacterial activity against the tested pathogens. However, the methanol extract exhibited higher inhibition zone (21.83 mm) against the bacterium, Bacillus subtilis. This result supports the therapeutic importance of the species, Acalypha fruticosa in curing infectious diseases and encourages the extensive use of this species in health carepractices.

Download Full-text