Examining Change in Student Anxiety and Depression After the First Year of a Professional Program Secondary to Perceived Stress: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study

Background: Research has shown that students in the health sciences experience higher levels of anxiety and depression. Objectives: In this study, we endeavor to investigate these results among first-year pharmacy and veterinary students at Auburn University and among first-year medical students at the Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine’s (VCOM) Auburn Campus. Methods: We surveyed students after their first year in their respective professional programs using a modified Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) survey. The survey was modified to establish changes in depression and anxiety levels before and after the first year of coursework. Results: Two hundred ninety-five students participated in the survey, 95 veterinary students, 127 pharmacy students, and 73 VCOM students. All programs showed a statistically significant increase in student-reported levels of depression and anxiety. Students from the Harrison School of Pharmacy showed the greatest increase in anxiety and depression, followed by students from VCOM and the College of Veterinary Medicine. Females in all programs entered their programs with higher levels of anxiety than males and also completed their first year with higher anxiety scores than males in the same programs. Conclusions: Students in all three professional programs reported increased levels of anxiety and depression with the largest increase reported in pharmacy students. Efforts to identify the triggers, understand the consequences, and develop interventional methods to improve student wellbeing are recommended.

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Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety amongst Cancer Patients in a Hospital Setting: A Cross-Sectional Study

Psychiatry Journal ◽

10.1155/2016/3964806 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anish Khalil ◽

Muhammad Faheem ◽

Ammad Fahim ◽

Haran Innocent ◽

Zainab Mansoor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Hospital Setting ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mental Wellbeing ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Background. The biomedical care for cancer has not been complemented by psychosocial progressions in cancer care.Objectives. To find the prevalence of anxiety and depression amongst cancer patients in a hospital setting.Design and Setting. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the tertiary care hospitals Shifa International Hospital Islamabad and Nuclear Medicine, Oncology, and Radiotherapy Institute [NORI].Patients and Methods. 300 patients were interviewed from both the outpatient and inpatient department using The Aga Khan University Anxiety and Depression Scale (AKUADS).Main Outcome Measures. Using a score of 20 and above on the AKUADS, 146 (48.7%) patients were suffering from anxiety and depression.Results. When cross tabulation was done between different factors and the cancer patients with anxiety and depression, the following factors were found out to be significant with associatedpvalue < 0.05: education of the patient, presence of cancer in the family, the severity of pain, and the patient’s awareness of his anxiety and depression. Out of 143 (47.7%) uneducated patients, 85 (59.4%) were depressed, hence making it the highest educational category suffering from depression and anxiety.Conclusion. The prevalence of anxiety and depression amongst cancer patients was high showing that importance should be given to screening and counseling cancer patients for anxiety and depression, to help them cope with cancer as a disease and its impact on their mental wellbeing.Limitations. The frequency of female patients in our research was higher than those of male patients.

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MO529PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANT FACTORS OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE : A MOROCCAN CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfab087.0049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Amina Chrifi Alaoui ◽

Mohammed Omari ◽

Noura Qarmiche ◽

Omar Kouiri ◽

Basmat Amal Chouhani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Clinical Information ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Hospital ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Determinant Factors ◽

Before And After

Abstract Background and Aims The Chronic kidney disease (CKD), like many chronic illnesses, is invariably associated with various psychiatric conditions and poorer quality of life. This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety among CKD patient and their determinant factors. Method this is a cross sectional single center study in a Moroccan university hospital. Patients aged ≥ 18 years old and followed for more than one year were included. The data was collected using a questionnaire for sociodemographic and clinical information and the Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) to assess depression and anxiety prevalence. After the description of the population’s characteristics, the statistical analysis aimed to assess the association between depression and anxiety disorders and the estimated glomerular filtration rate before and after adjustment on several confounding factors. Results 88 patients were included (63.6% of them were women, the mean age was 61.8±14.0 years), 21 were on stage 3, 46 were on stage 4, and 21 were on stage 5 of the CKD. The median of depression sub-score was 5.00[2.00; 10.0], the median of anxiety sub-score was 6.00[4.00; 9.00], and the median of the global score was 11.0[7.00; 20.0], 22.0% of included patients had depression and 22.0% had anxiety. Both depression and anxiety scores were associated to eGFR before and after adjustment (p= 0.001, p<0.001and p=0.04, p=0.03 respectively). Conclusion This study showed that depression and anxiety are strongly related to the CKD progression, which should motivate both doctors and nurses to improve their psychological care toward CKD patients.

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Screening of Anxiety and Depression Related CD4 Count of People Living with HIV/AIDS with Anti-Retroviral in Medan, Indonesia

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.396 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (16) ◽

pp. 2590-2594

Author(s):

Dona Farila Agus ◽

Elmeida Effendy ◽

Vita Camellia

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Correlation Strength ◽

Hiv Aids

BACKGROUND: HIV, which causes AIDS, infects the immune system cells, by destroying or damaging the function of the CD4. PLWHA will have twice the risk of experiencing mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety compared with the general population, thereby suppressing immune function, decreasing their quality of life, decreasing the level of adherence to treatment, and contributing significantly to the occurrence of premature death. AIM: To determine the correlation Anxiety and Depression symptoms and CD4 levels in PLWHA who are undergoing Anti-Retroviral treatment at the HIV/AIDS METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional study, which assesses the correlation between Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores (HADS) and CD4 levels in PLWHA who are receiving ARV in the HIV/AIDS Special Services Polyclinic Medan Haji general hospital. RESULTS: It was found that the average HADS-A score, PLWHA was 15.286 and the SD ± 2.244. This shows that PLWHA is in moderate to severe anxiety and moderate to severe depression. The mean CD4 level of people with HIV/AIDS/PLWHA was 288.171 and SD ± 88.955. According to WHO criteria, regarding the classification of HIV immunodeficiency in adults, are classified as moderate immunodeficiency. There was a significant correlation between the HADS-A score and CD4 level with a correlation value of r = -0.592 indicating a negative correlation with a moderate correlation strength, and the correlation between HADS-D score and CD4 level. The strength of the relationship between HADS-D score and CD4 level is r = -0.650, shows a negative correlation with strong correlation strength. CONCLUSION: from this study, it was found that there is a relationship between depression and anxiety symptom and CD4 level.

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NÍVEL DE DOR, ANSIEDADE E DEPRESSÃO EM PACIENTES COM DOR LOMBAR ATENDIDOS EM UM CENTRO DE FISIOTERAPIA

Colloquium Vitae ◽

10.5747/cv.2018.v10.nesp5.000338 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (Especial 5) ◽

pp. 89-94

Author(s):

Silas de Oliveira Damasceno ◽

José Henrique Piedade Cardoso ◽

Raíssa Puzzi Ladvig ◽

Luana Martins de Paula ◽

Renilton José Pizzol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Analogue Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Low Back ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Hospital Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pain Anxiety ◽

Disability Questionnaire ◽

Mri Score

Pain, anxiety, and depression are symptoms that need attention in physiotherapeutic practice, once they influence the functionality of patients, so understanding them becomes an important tool. The aim of the study was to verify the levels of pain, depression, and anxiety in patients attended at a physiotherapy center. A cross-sectional clinical study in which a sociodemographic questionnaire was applied, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (MRQ). Seven patients participated and presented a MRI score of 18.57 ± 2.63 points, HADS in the topic anxiety 12.71 ± 5.43 points, HADS depression 9.57 ± 5.22 points and the resting VAS presented an average of 4 , 42 ± 3.9 pain points and in motion showed 8.71 ± 0.95. It is concluded that the population with low back pain has high intensity of pain, probable anxiety and possible level of depression.

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Depression and Anxiety Among Quarantined People, Community Workers, Medical Staff, and General Population in the Early Stage of COVID-19 Epidemic

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.638985 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoling Li ◽

Hegao Yu ◽

Weiqiang Yang ◽

Qihua Mo ◽

Zhanggui Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Staff ◽

General Public ◽

Early Stage ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Self Rating

Background: We described the prevalence of anxiety and depression related to COVID-19 pandemic among different types of population and examined their potential risk factors.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect demographic characteristics, exposure histories, and many other concerns about COVID-19. The Zung's self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS), followed by a four-step multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with mental health outcomes.Results: Out of 3,303 participants, the quarantined people (40.9%), community workstation staffs-policemen-volunteers (CPV) (36.4%) and general public (30.7%) reported higher percentages of depression than the general medical staff (18.4%). Moreover, the quarantined people (19.1%) also showed higher prevalence of anxiety than the general public (9.1%) and the general medical staff (7.8%). The quarantined people had the highest risk of anxiety and depression, whereas the self-rated health was negatively associated with the risks of anxiety and depression. Younger age group (18 to 30 years) showed higher risks of anxiety (OR = 6.22, 95% CI = 2.89–13.38, p < 0.001) and depression (OR = 3.69, 95% CI = 2.40–5.69, p < 0.001). People who had exposure history or contact from Hubei province after December 1, 2019 (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.07–2.30, p < 0.001), had family or friends engaged in front-line health care work (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.02–2.14, p < 0.001), had confirmed case nearby (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.43–4.18, p < 0.001) were all more likely to suffer from anxiety. Moreover, the negligence (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.37–2.51, p < 0.001) or overindulgence (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.03–2.04, p < 0.001) toward the epidemic information was associated with a higher risk of depression and anxiety.Conclusions: Our findings show that the CPV and quarantined people were most at-risk population. We have identified that the young people, people with exposure histories and negligence or overindulgence toward epidemic information are in grave need of attention.

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ANXIETY & DEPRESSION;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.04.1457 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (04) ◽

pp. 589-595

Author(s):

Muslim Ali Lakhiar ◽

Shaheen Ahmed Mughal ◽

Motti Ram Bhattia ◽

Awais Bashir larik

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Female Gender ◽

Health Sciences ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Rural Environment ◽

Psychiatric Evaluation ◽

First Year ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Environment Study

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Anxiety & Depression among thestudents of Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women Nawabshah and toascertain the relative impact of rural environment. Study Design: Cross-sectional, questionnairebasedsurvey. Setting: Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences for Women (PUMHSW),Nawabshah. Methods: This is the only medical university for female students located in theinterior of Sindh. The students belong to various rural districts of the Sindh Province. Aftertaking verbal consent the questionnaire of the Aga Khan University Anxiety & Depression Scale(AKUADS) Urdu version was administered to the students from first year to the final year. A scoreof ≥20 on AKUADS was used as a cut-off for the presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms.The data collected was tabulated and analyzed using SPSS 19. Results: Out of a total of 1035students in a five year MBBS program at PUMHSW, 851 students responded &agreed toparticipate. The response rate was 82.2%. According to the AKUADS 66.7% of female studentswere found to have anxiety and depression. Majority of the students were originally from variousrural districts of Sindh. The Prevalence of anxiety and depression among students of 1st year,2nd year, 3rd year, 4th year and 5th year was 71.1%, 76.9%, 53.7%, 70.7% and 63.6% respectively.It was significantly higher in 1st year and 2nd year as compared to 3rd, 4th and 5thyear (p<0. 05)students. Those aged <21 years were most vulnerable (p<0.025).Marital status and eitherliving at home or in hostel was statistically not significant (p<0.922 and p<0.596 respectively).None of the students were using antidepressants nor they ever visited a psychiatrist before.All students were attending lectures and hospital postings regularly. Conclusion: Our studyindicates that a high proportion of female medical students particularly those belonging tothe rural areas of Sindh suffer from anxiety and depression during the course of their medicaleducation. Female gender, younger age and the rural environment appears to have a profoundnegative impact. The overall prevailing situation warrants a proper psychiatric evaluation ofthese students so that remedial measures can be undertaken whenever necessary.

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Association between Illness Perception and Emotional Status in Iranian Patients after Heart Transplantation

The Journal of Tehran University Heart Center ◽

10.18502/jthc.v15i1.3333 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nazila Shahmansouri ◽

Mehrdad Salehi ◽

Ali Reza Bakhshandeh ◽

Roya Sattarzadeh Badkoubeh ◽

Masoumeh Lotfi-Tokaldani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Transplantation ◽

Illness Perception ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Emotional Status ◽

Psychological Issue ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Population

Background: Heart transplantation is a major procedure which imposes high emotional stress on patients. Illness perception (IP) is a psychological issue which affects psychological adjustment after transplantation. This study aimed to investigate the association between IP and emotional status in Iranian post-heart transplantation patients. Methods: The present cross-sectional study, conducted between 2018 and 2019 in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, recruited 121 post-heart transplantation patients. IP was measured using the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ), and emotional status was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The association between IP and depression/anxiety was assessed. Results: Men comprised 80.2% of the study population. The mean age of the participants was 43.9±12.95 years. Definite caseness for depression and anxiety was reported in 11.6% and 18.2% of the participants, respectively. The median score of IP was 55. The association between anxiety and IP in total IP and the 3 dimensions of IP was statically significant (P=0.015, P=0.018, P=0.002, and P=0.023 for the cognition, emotion, and understanding dimensions and the total IPQ, respectively). Additionally, the association between depression and IP was significant (P=0.001, P=0.029, and P=0.002 for the cognition and emotion dimensions and the total IPQ, correspondingly, except for the understanding dimension). Furthermore, lower levels of anxiety in the patients showed a greater impact on IP than did depression. Conclusion: There was a significant association between IP and depression and anxiety in our study population. Therefore, the diagnosis and management of anxiety and depression in heart transplantation patients may improve IP. The cross-sectional design of the present study precluded an investigation of the causality between IP and emotional status.

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Assessment of Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety Among pwMS in Saudi Arabia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1163379/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Saffanah Alsaeed ◽

Nuha Alkhawajah ◽

Salman Aljarallah ◽

Rola Alarieh ◽

Amani Abushaheen

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical City

Abstract Background. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory chronic disease that is characterized by an increased prevalence of adverse mental health outcomes in patients with MS (pwMS). The main aim of this study is to investigate the factors of depression and anxiety in pwMS in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Materials and Methods. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in KSA during the period from March to June 2020. Participants were recruited from the Neuroimmunology clinics in King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) and King Saud University medical city (KSUMC)in Riyadh City, KSA. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to measure depression and anxiety. Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) was used to measure fatigue in pwMS. A simple random sampling technique was utilized to select participants and the data were analyzed using SPSS v.24.0. Results. A total of 529 participants participated in this study with a response rate of 53.1%. The prevalences of anxiety and depression were 35.3% and 19.7%, respectively. The findings also revealed that depression was more likely to be significantly affected by being male, low education, unemployment, physical inactivity, and fatigue but the anxiety was significantly affected by region, unemployment, short duration since last MS relapse, physical inactivity, and fatigue. Conclusion. Anxiety and depression are not uncommon in pwMS. Given their impact on the lives of affected patients, early detection and management of these symptoms and their associated factors are crucial.

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Psychiatric Disorders in an Arctic Community

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674370004500404 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 357-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Jack Haggarty ◽

Zack Cernovsky ◽

Patricia Kermeen ◽

Harold Merskey

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Abuse ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Self Report ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Hospital Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Past ◽

Anxiety Depression

Objective: To determine the rates of depression, anxiety, and alcohol abuse, using modern nosology, in a random sample of residents aged 14 to 85 years living in an Arctic community. Method: A cross-sectional 2-step survey of randomly selected households was undertaken, using a self-report questionnaire to screen for anxiety, depression, and alcohol abuse. The survey included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Ewing and Roose's 4-question alcohol screening instrument (the CAGE questionnaire). Cut-off scores for the HADS and CAGE were found by comparing HADS and CAGE scores with scores on the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-III-R (SCID) in a stratified subs ample. Results: Estimated rates of depression and anxiety were 26.5% and 19.0% respectively within the past week, and estimated rates of lifetime alcohol abuse were 30.5%. Conclusions: The estimated prevalence of psychiatric disorders in this Arctic community is higher than that indicated in previous findings on Native mental health.

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Self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety among informal caregivers of persons with dementia: a cross-sectional comparative study between Sweden and Italy

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-020-05964-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Joseba Wulff ◽

Agneta Malmgren Fänge ◽

Connie Lethin ◽

Carlos Chiatti

Keyword(s):

Informal Caregivers ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Well Being ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

People With Dementia

Abstract Background Around 50 million people worldwide are diagnosed with dementia and this number is due to triple by 2050. The majority of persons with dementia receive care and support from their family, friends or neighbours, who are generally known as informal caregivers. These might experience symptoms of depression and anxiety as a consequence of caregiving activities. Due to the different welfare system across European countries, this study aimed to investigate factors associated with self-reported depression and anxiety among informal dementia caregivers both in Sweden and Italy, to ultimately improve their health and well-being. Methods This comparative cross-sectional study used baseline data from the Italian UP-TECH (n = 317) and the Swedish TECH@HOME (n = 89) studies. Main outcome variables were the severity of self-reported anxiety and depression symptoms, as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). HADS scores were investigated using descriptive and bivariate statistics to compare means and standard deviations. Linear regressions were used to test for associations between potential factors and self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety. Results Italian informal caregivers reported more severe symptoms of depression and anxiety than Swedish caregivers. In Italy, a higher number of hours of caregiving was associated with anxiety symptoms (β = − 1.205; p = 0.029), being 40–54 years-old with depression symptoms (β = − 1.739; p = 0.003), and being female with symptoms of both depression (β = − 1.793; p < 0.001) and anxiety (β = 1.474; p = 0.005). In Sweden, a higher number of hours of caregiving and being < 39 years-old were associated with depression symptoms (β = 0.286; p < 0.000; β = 3.945; p = 0.014) and a higher number of hours of caregiving, the lack of additional informal caregivers and dementia severity were associated with anxiety symptoms (β = 0.164; p = 0.010; β = − 1.133; p = 0.033; β = − 1.181; p = 0.031). Conclusion Multiple factors are associated with self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety among informal caregivers in Sweden and Italy. Factors found in this study partly differ between the two countries, suggesting the important role of cultural and social factors affecting the experience of caregiving. A deeper knowledge of these factors may increase the knowledge on potential protective and risk factors, provide information to policymakers and ultimately improve the psychological well-being of informal caregivers to people with dementia across Europe.

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