scholarly journals Tourists’ characteristics in relation to expectations, satisfaction and loyalty in hotel industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (170) ◽  
pp. e5234
Author(s):  
Luna Santos Roldán ◽  
Beatriz Palacios Florencio ◽  
Peter Bolcha
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Consumer Evaluation ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
Unique Individual

Objective: This paper makes an effort in combining the hotel subsector with a specific geographic location and with three determined constructs. Methods: This article uses a unique individual level dataset collected in Spain hotels and attempts to shed more light on three phases of consumer evaluation: expectations, satisfaction and loyalty. In order to relate the evaluation scores in these areas to sociodemographic characteristics of the consumers, we employ regression analysis. Results: The results show that all dependent variables in hand are related to explanatory variables; often in directions assumed by theory or previous empirical studies. Specifically, we find that age, economic status and country of origin are statistically significantly related to consumer evaluation. One of the novelties of our study is inclusion of “exceeded expectations” variable that intends to measure positive or negative surprise with the service. Conclusion: The knowledge of the existence of incidences of demographic variables on satisfaction, loyalty and expectations could not only, but should, lead to the formulation and implementation of differentiated strategies, segmented according to groups of individuals, focused on improving these indicators, adapting services to the demographic characteristics of the clients.

The Impact of Bar Service Operation Practices on Organizational Performance in Indian Hotel Industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohinder C. Dhiman ◽  
Abhishek Ghai
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Service Operation ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bivariate Test

The paper has a two fold purpose - examine the impact of bar service operation practices (BSOP) on organizational performance (OP) and study the relationship between organizational performance and demographic variables. Based on a survey of 362 bar managers perceptions on the impact of bar service operation practices on organizational performance were assessed by 59 practices and 6 demographic variables. Bivariate test and ANOVA were employed to test the working hypothesis in the study. Results indicated that there is a positive relationship between the bar service operation practices and organizational performance. Further, the results indicate some practical and managerial implications to improve organizational overall performance.

scholarly journals Review of Associations between Built Environment Characteristics and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7561
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Xueying Wu ◽  
Ruoyu Wang ◽  
Dongsheng He ◽  
Dongying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Transit Accessibility ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Transmission Pathways

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has stimulated intensive research interest in its transmission pathways and infection factors, e.g., socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, climatology, baseline health conditions or pre-existing diseases, and government policies. Meanwhile, some empirical studies suggested that built environment attributes may be associated with the transmission mechanism and infection risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, no review has been conducted to explore the effect of built environment characteristics on the infection risk. This research gap prevents government officials and urban planners from creating effective urban design guidelines to contain SARS-CoV-2 infections and face future pandemic challenges. This review summarizes evidence from 25 empirical studies and provides an overview of the effect of built environment on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk. Virus infection risk was positively associated with the density of commercial facilities, roads, and schools and with public transit accessibility, whereas it was negatively associated with the availability of green spaces. This review recommends several directions for future studies, namely using longitudinal research design and individual-level data, considering multilevel factors and extending to diversified geographic areas.

Use of linked administrative and laboratory data to confirm that serum 25(OH)D levels in pregnant women can be predicted from satellite estimates of ultraviolet radiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate M Miller ◽  
Robyn M Lucas ◽  
Elizabeth A Davis ◽  
Prue H Hart ◽  
Nicholas H de Klerk
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Notification System ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Time Period

Abstract Background Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels of pregnant women have been linked to various health outcomes in their offspring. Satellite-derived ultraviolet radiation (UVR) data have been used as a proxy for 25(OH)D levels, as individual-level cohort studies are time-consuming, costly and only feasible for common outcomes. Methods Data on 25(OH)D levels from a public laboratory database were linked to data from the Western Australian Midwives’ Notification System and daily erythemal UVR dose from NASA satellites. Regression analysis was used to identify the time period prior to venesection where daily UVR dose best predicted 25(OH)D levels. A predictive model was used to validate the use of daily UVR dose as a proxy for personal sun exposure during pregnancy. Results Data from 19 173 pregnancies in women aged 18–43 years in Western Australia were included. The daily UVR dose averaged over the 90 days before venesection was the strongest UVR predictor of 25(OH)D level (a 5% increase per 1000 J m–2; equal to 3.3 nmol L–1 at the median of 66 nmol L–1). Ethnicity was the strongest predictor of 25(OH)D levels (21% lower in non-Caucasian vs Caucasian: equal to 7.2 nmol L–1 difference). Other significant predictors were gestation, age, year, parity, socio-economic status, remoteness, medical conditions and season. Conclusion NASA-derived erythemal UVR dose in the 90 days prior to venesection is a significant predictor of 25(OH)D levels in pregnant women. Linked administrative data can be used to investigate associations between UVR during pregnancy and health outcomes in offspring.

scholarly journals Gendered Experiences of Living with HIV in Australia

Sexes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-255
Author(s):  
Vicki Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Globally, women represent more than half the people living with HIV. This proportion varies by country, with an over-representation of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) in some regions. For example, in Australia, MSM account for over 60% of transmissions, with heterosexual sex accounting for almost a quarter of transmissions. Irrespective of geographic region, there is evidence that women can have a different lived experience of HIV due to their unequal social and economic status in society, while MSM can have a different lived experience depending on the laws and customs of their geographic location. Gender differences related to risk factors, stigma, access to services, mental health, health-related quality of life and economic consequences have been consistently reported globally. This paper explores the subjective lived experience of gender and sexuality disparities among three individuals living with HIV in Australia: a male who identified as gay, and a male and female who each identified as heterosexual. Analysis of themes from these three case reports indicated discernible differences by gender and sexuality in four areas: access to medical services, social support, stigma and mental health. It is argued that knowledge and understanding of potential gender and sexuality disparities must be factored into supportive interventions for people living with HIV in Australia.

Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Exchange Rate Uncertain

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Jane Kaboro ◽  
Naftaly Mose
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Exchange Rate Uncertainty ◽  
Member States ◽  
East African Community ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract Macroeconomic convergence is critical for member states to achieve the level of harmonization required for establishing a stable and resilient monetary union. The East African Community (EAC) member states, therefore, established set targets for macroeconomic convergence, intending to eliminate exchange rate uncertainty within the bloc and reduce the costs of the monetary union. However, recent empirical studies indicate that the rate of convergence of the member states to the set macroeconomic targets has been very slow, resulting in high exchange rate uncertainty within the region. It is against this backdrop that this research was conceptualized to examine the influence of convergence in macroeconomic variables on the exchange rate uncertainty of EAC states using secondary panel data. The study made use of standard deviation and the Levin Lin Chu (LLC) test to determine convergence and unit root respectively. The panel ordinary least squares (OLS) regression findings showed that all the explanatory variables had a negatively significant effect on exchange rate uncertainty. This implies that convergence in macroeconomic variables among the member countries slows exchange rate uncertainty. Thus, policy should be made towards controlling this negative effect resulting from macroeconomic variables as East Africa bids for monetary union.

Deciphering Links Between Sexual Violence and Castes in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 2455328X2110325
Author(s):  
Yogendra Musahar
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Explanatory Variables

The recent incident, the gang rape and murder of a 19-year-old woman in Hathras, a small village in Uttar Pradesh of India, once again sparks a debate on links between sexual violence and castes in India. This article aims to examine the links between sexual violence and castes in India. This study utilizes the national representative National Family Health Survey 4 (NFHS-4, 2015–16) data. A bivariate analysis was carried out to analyse the data. A binary logistic regression model was applied to predict the effect of explanatory variables, viz. type of place of residence, years of schooling complete, economic status in terms of wealth index and finally castes on predicted variable, i.e. sexual violence. The binary regression model indicates that there were links between sexual violence and castes. For secured and dignified life of women, caste-based sexual violence must be annihilated.

scholarly journals An ecological study on suicide and homicide in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1179-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hideki Bando ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Adjusted Rates ◽  
Official Records

The objective was to evaluate correlations between suicide, homicide and socio-demographic variables by an ecological study. Mortality and socio-demographic data were collected from official records of the Ministry of Health and IBGE (2010), aggregated by state (27). The data were analyzed using correlation techniques, factor analysis, principal component analysis with a varimax rotation and multiple linear regression. Suicide age-adjusted rates for the total population, men and women were 5.0, 8.0, and 2.2 per 100,000 inhabitants respectively. The suicide rates ranged from 2.7 in Pará to 9.1 in Rio Grande do Sul. Homicide for the total population, men and women were 27.2, 50.8, and 4.5 per 100,000, respectively. The homicide rates ranged from 13.0 in Santa Catarina to 68.9 in Alagoas. Suicide and homicide were negatively associated, the significance persisted among men. Unemployment was negatively correlated with suicide and positively with homicide. Different socio-demographic variables were found to correlate with suicide and homicide in the regressions. Suicide showed a pattern suggesting that, in Brazil, it is related to high socioeconomic status. Homicide seemed to follow the pattern found in other countries, associated with lower social and economic status.

scholarly journals The intergenerational foundations of class voting: social mobility and electoral choice in Western Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Ciccolini ◽  
Juho Härkönen
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Political Behaviour ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Electoral Choice ◽  
Class Voting ◽  
Voting Choice

Scholarly explanations of the survival of left parties and the upsurge in mainstream politics discontent often refer to voters' intergenerational mobility resulting from the post-industrial transition. As the occupational structure evolves, voters across generations are exposed to heterogenous life chances, and the social elevator progressively alters class voting patterns. Yet empirical evidence for the electoral implications of social ascent and decline as well as their reasons is mixed at best – likely because most empirical studies seek for homogenous average mobility effects. To address this limitation, we analyse the diverse consequences of mobility across social groups in a quasi-descriptive fashion by applying a cutting-edge ANOVA-based OLS model. Contrarily to prior studies, this approach allows us to identify class-specific mobility effects on voting (ceteris paribus), consistently with theory. Our analyses draw on individual-level detailed information on both intergenerational social mobility and political behaviour from the European Social Survey (rounds 1-9) across 19 Western European countries. Although scholarly accounts on the consequences of social mobility averagely find little to no support in our analyses, we do observe some significant and substantial class-specific effects of both social ascent and descent on voting choice.

scholarly journals ASSESSING ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MICROCREDIT SCHEME: A REVIEW OF PAST STUDIES ON AMANAH IKHTIAR MALAYSIA (AIM)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-142
Author(s):  
Noor Syafinas Muda ◽  
Ku 'Azam Tuan Lonik
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Economic Impact Assessment ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Microfinance Institution

Background and Purpose: Microcredit scheme was introduced to provide credit facilities for poor people to start a business activity. Microcredit creates income-generating self-employment activities that allow poor people to venture into small businesses and achieve economic independence. The scheme has been recognised as a successful tool to uplift the socio-economic status among the poor. Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) is the largest microfinance institution in Malaysia and therefore, its impact on the beneficiaries is crucial to be studied. This paper aims at reviewing the economic impact of AIM based on the existing literature.   Methodology: Four electronic databases, which are Scopus, Science Direct, Springer and Ebscohost were used to search the literature. Subsequently 118 articles were generated from this search. However, only 13 articles which met the selection criteria were analysed. We selected only empirical studies that focused on the economic impact of AIM.   Findings: Results of the review showed that income has dominated the economic impact assessment followed by asset, economic vulnerability and spending. Low concentration on the indicators other than income should be noted especially on spending as it provides a clear evidence that the recipients enjoy the economic well-being in terms of consumption expenditure.   Contribution: This review reveals that microcredit has a great potential to uplift the economic status of the poor.   Keywords: Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia, asset, economic impact, income, microcredit.   Cite as: Muda, N. S., & Tuan Lonik, K. A. (2020). Assessing economic impact of microcredit scheme: A review of past studies on Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM).  Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(1), 124-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp124-142

scholarly journals A comprehensive analysis on cigarettes smoking and its determinants in Bangladesh using logistic regression model

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1733
Author(s):  
Afrin Sadia Rumana ◽  
Asia Khatun ◽  
Sukanta Das
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Household Economic Status

Background: In Bangladesh, smoking is one of the leading preventable causes of death. Despite possessing knowledge about the consequences of smoking and the resultant non-communicable diseases, individuals have become considerably habituated to it. The study aims to identify the factors associated with smoking cigarettes and as well as to examine the existing situation of this issue among adult males in Bangladesh.Methods: Total 480 adult males were surveyed from Bangladesh through personal interview and online questionnaire, (from June 2018 to June 2019). To measure the effect of the explanatory variables on cigarettes smoking, authors perform χ2 test of independence as bivariate analysis. After performing bivariate analysis, a logistic regression analysis has been performed to assess the effect of the explanatory variables.Results: Findings of the study revealed that educational level, household economic status, media exposure, division have significant contribution for smoking cigarettes among the adult male in Bangladesh. A comparison of religious affiliation showed smoking cigarettes to be higher among non-muslim counterparts. Respondents living in rural area are found to have smoking cigarettes comparing with urban area.Conclusions: From the study it can be concluded that education and socio-economic status of male make a significant contribution in cigarettes smoking.

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