Material for Skis

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-25
Author(s):  
K. B. E. E. Eimeleus
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Different Types

This chapter turns to ski manufacturing. It tries to ascertain when skis are well made from appropriate material and considers the advantages and disadvantages of different types of material used for skis. Concerning the quality of raw material, the chapter asserts that the most useful timber comes from pine or hardwoods. It has to be a hard, lightweight, supple, and durable type of wood. In Scandinavia, several ski makers use primarily deciduous trees: aspen, ash, and even goat willow. Birch is used extensively in Finland because the countryside has almost no other species of trees. Manufacturers have tried to build many kinds of metal skis, but they have not had much success because metal's friction greatly increases as temperatures drop.

The issue of "oil shrinkage" during the compounding of oils in the processes of production, collection, preparation and transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
O. P. Deryugina ◽  
E. A. Trapeznikov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Main Pipelines ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mixed Oil

The article discusses the issue of industrial compounding, which improves the quality of the raw materials supplied to the main pipelines. Compounding from "to compound" (English) - to mix. When mixing different types of oil obtained, "incompatibility" is possible, which is expressed in the precipitation of a solid sediment and violation of the stability of the colloidal system and due to the differing properties of oils. Attention to this problem is due to the tightening of requirements for the quality of raw materials that must comply with modern standards. The article discusses the causes of the problem of "incompatibility" of oil during compounding and effective ways of solving it, substantiates the need for a preliminary study of the properties of mixed oil in order to identify possible incompatibility of various types of oil. The standard tests for determination of incompatibility indices characterizing the ability of raw materials to mix are considered. The article substantiates the need to develop methods for diagnosing the incompatibility of oils as the most important task of modern chemical science, the solution of which will improve the quality of the raw material obtained and solve many technological problems in the compounding process.

Research on Production of Bluecoke with Low Temperature Carbonization Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
pp. 221-224
Author(s):  
Lei Wu ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Xin Zhe Lan ◽  
Xi Cheng Zhao ◽  
Yong Hui Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Carbonization Process ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Rich

Bluecoke is a new type carbon product that prepared by low temperature carbonization process, which take lignite, long flame coal, not sticky and weak glue coal as raw material. At the same time tar and coke oven gas as by-products can be obtained. Two new technologies of Bluecoke production were introduced based on summary of way of producing Bluecoke by low metamorphic coal, namely the rich oxygen carbonization and the microwave carbonization. Both ways have their advantages and disadvantages. By contrast, the quality of coke and the content of valid gas are better using microwave carbonization, which to follow-up industry chains development significantly.

scholarly journals Types of screening tools used to identify potential inappropriate medication in the geriatric

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwah Y. Abdullah ◽  
Majed M. Alomari ◽  
Ali N. AlNihab ◽  
Maha S. Alshaikh ◽  
Maryam A. Alzahrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Medication Appropriateness Index ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Different Types

Inappropriate intake of medications can increase the risk of many morbidities and mortality among the geriatric population. Therefore, assessment of drug underuse, overuse, and inappropriate use has been an area of interest across the different investigations, and according to which, different screening tools were developed to identify these problems and enhance the quality of care to these patients. In the present study, we aim comprehensively discuss the different types of currently reported screening tools that can identify potentially inappropriate medication in the geriatric population. Studies show that assess, review, minimize, optimize, reassess (ARMOR), and medication appropriateness index (MAI) tools are the most commonly reported for this purpose to appropriately evaluate drug administration practices. However, they are time-consuming and need adequately trained personnel, which might not be available within the different settings. Accordingly, we suggest that more than one tool should be used, as we have reviewed all the advantages and disadvantages of the modality within the current study, to adequately facilitate and make the process of evaluation easy and enhance the quality of care for the geriatric population.

Evaluation of Quality of the e-Commerce Service

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Ingaldi ◽  
Robert Ulewicz
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Good Reputation ◽  
The One

E-commerce market continues to grow. It is so popular because more and more people are connected to the Internet. Nevertheless, not all online e-shops can be so proud of its conversion rates. The customers' satisfaction with the services of different types of e-shops are affected by many different factors. The authors can say that a satisfied customer is the one who maintains a good reputation of the sellers' despite of the disadvantages which he had to face, such as damage of product during its transport, the need to make a warranty repair. To evaluate the customers' satisfaction in the chosen e-shop, the authors decided to use two methods which according to them can be complementary in this case, these methods are following: the Servqual method and the Importance/Performance analysis (IPA). Then, advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce were described. Next, the research methods were characterized. Later, the survey and its results were shown. The research had the form of an online questionnaire. It was addressed to customers of the chosen e-shop. The Servqual method was used to evaluate the quality level of offered services in general and analyze the Servqual index (perceptions of the real services minus customers' expectations). The Importance/Performance analysis was used to indicate which areas of the service really need the intervention of the research e-shop.

scholarly journals Recycling of three different types of rural wastes employing vermicomposting technology by Eisenia fetida at low temperature

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mature Compost ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients

This study was conducted to investigate the recycling of rural wastes employing vermicomposting technology by Eisenia fetida. Three medium including kitchen waste, rotting foliage and cow dung were performed in 20 treatments. Results showed that in all 20 treatments the quality of produced compost was in the standard range. Due to the high levels of nitrogen in raw material of some treatments, (e.g. treatments that percentage of cow dung and kitchen waste are zero such as M, N, O, Q, R and U) the concentration of N in mature compost was higher than other treatments. The type of raw material in the medium has particular importance on the quality of compost. So that any change in the composition due to changes in the presence or absence of macro and micronutrients can influence the compost production process and reproduction of worm. Therefore, optimization of medium components, as shown in this study is of specific importance that has effect on the vermicomposting at low temperature.

scholarly journals CULTIVATION OF PURPLE CONEFLOWER (ECHINACEA PURPUREA L.) FOR PRODUCTION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEDICINAL PLANT RAW MATERIAL

2011 ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
V.B. Zagumennikov ◽  
E.V. Smirnova ◽  
E.U. Babaeva ◽  
S.V. Timofeeva
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Plant Raw Material

The technology that is elaborated is to grow purple cone-flower (Echinacea Purpurea L.) producing appropriate roots and rhizomes that can be used to obtain at the same time the additional output in the substance of juice from both the foliage and dry plants. Optimal results on yield and quality of additional output were achieved when the plants were rejuvenated at the stage of budding.

scholarly journals 7.2. METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF BUSINESS SERVICES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MARKET

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Б.М. Джумъаев
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
The Relationship

В статье исследуются методологические аспекты оценки качества бизнес-услуг. Проводится литературный обзор относительно существующего инструментария оценки и измерения воспринимаемого качества услуг. Выявлены преимущества и недостатки использования различных методик оценки качества бизнес-услуг (SERVQUAL, модель расхождения качества услуги GAP и INDSERV). Выделены основные подходы оценки качества бизнес-услуг с учетом особенностей системы взаимоотношений в данном секторе и факторы, определяющие качество услуг. В статье формирование динамичных моделей качества услуг рассматривается как один из наиболее важных достижений в области развития модели оценки качества услуг. Выделяются проблемы оценки качества результатов бизнес-услуг с учетом широкой номенклатуры таких услуг и трудности нахождения общего показателя измерения качества услуг. Предлагается методика оценки качества бизнес-услуги в зависимости от наличия элементов инновации в показателях, определяющих качество бизнес-услуг. С учетом этого в статье отмечается, что показатели, определяющие наличие элементов инновации в компонентах качества бизнес-услуги, должны создаваться индивидуально для разных услуг, и во многих случаях даже для разных клиентов и разных этапов обслуживания, поскольку желаемый результат для определенной услуги может сильно различаться в зависимости от предприятий клиента и их потребностей в определенных инновационных свойствах бизнес-услуг. The article explores the methodology and models for assessing the quality of business services. It provides the literature review on existing tools for assessing and measuring perceived quality of service. The advantages and disadvantages of using various methods for assessing the quality of business services (SERVQUAL, the model of GAP and INDSERV) are identified. The main approaches to assessing the quality of business services are highlighted, taking into account the characteristics of the relationship system in this sector and the factors that determine the quality of services. In the article, the formation of dynamic models of service quality is considered as one of the most important achievements in the development of a model for assessing the quality of services. The problems of assessing the quality of the results of business services are highlighted, taking into account the wide range of such services and the difficulty of finding a common indicator of measuring the quality of services.On the bases of investigation, a methodology of assessing the quality of business services is proposed, depending on the presence of elements of innovation in indicators of quality of business services. The article notes that the indicators determining the presence of innovation elements in the quality of business services should be created individually for different types of services depending on various cases and customers and different stages of provision service, since the desired result for a particular service can vary greatly depending on the enterprises client and their needs for the innovative nature of business services.

scholarly journals Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Dissolving Pulp Serat Panjang dari Bambu Duri (Bambusa blumeana)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Apriana Purwita ◽  
Susi Sugesty
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Length ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dissolving Pulp ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Long Fibers

Preparation and Characterization of Long Fiber Dissolving Pulp from Spiny Bamboo (Bambusa blumeana)The need for long fiber dissolving pulp in Indonesia can only be met from imports. Bamboo is a nonwood plant and known as source of long fiber. This research aims to study the potential of spiny bamboo to be used as raw material for producing long fiber dissolving pulp. This research was conducted using two different types of raw materials preparation to produce bamboo chip and decorticated bamboo. The pulping process is carried out by pre-hydrolysis kraft and bleaching performed with two different bleaching sequences, i.e Do ED1 D2 and Do EpD1 D2 . Based on the experimental results, spiny bamboo has good potential to be used as raw material for dissolving pulp. Spiny bamboo belongs to long fibers with an average fiber length of 2.46 mm. The dissolving quality depends on the preparation of the raw material and the bleaching sequence. The yield of spiny bamboo dissolving pulp ranged from 37.97 - 40.76% with alpha cellulose content of 94.88 - 98.67%, and viscosity of 16.43 - 25.75 cP. Decorticated bamboo with bleaching sequence of Do EpD1 D2 produced the highest quality of dissolving pulp with the highest brightness and alpha cellulose were 89.61% ISO and 98.67%, respectively.AbstrakKebutuhan dissolving pulp serat panjang di Indonesia hanya dapat dipenuhi melalui impor. Bambu adalah tanaman nonkayu dan dikenal sebagai sumber serat panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari potensi bambu duri untuk dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan dissolving pulp serat panjang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan dua jenis persiapan bahan baku yang berbeda untuk menghasilkan serpih bambu dan bambu dekortikasi. Proses pemasakan dilakukan dengan proses pra-hidrolisis kraft dan pemutihan dilakukan dengan dua urutan pemutihan yang berbeda, yaitu  DoED1D2 dan DoEpD1D2. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, bambu duri memiliki potensi yang baik untuk digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan dissolving pulp. Bambu duri tergolong serat panjang dengan panjang serat rata-rata 2,46 mm. Kualitas dissolving pup yang dihasilkan tergantung dari persiapan bahan baku dan urutan pemutihan. Rendemen dissolving pulp bambu duri berkisar 37,97 - 40,76%, dengan kandungan selulosa alfa 94,88 - 98,67%, dan viskositas 16,43 - 25,75 cP. Bambu dekortikasi dengan urutan pemutihan DoEpD1D2 menghasilkan dissolving pulp paling unggul dengan derajat cerah dan selulosa alfa tertinggi berturut-turut 89,61 %ISO dan 98,67%.Kata kunci: dissolving pulp, bambu duri (Bambusa blumeana), serpih bambu, bambu dekortikasi, prahidrolisis kraft 

The Problem of Crude Rubber

1940 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-473
Author(s):  
A. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Commercial Product ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Regular Surface ◽  
Paradoxical Situation ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Way

Abstract In recent years, rubber manufacturers have made tremendous progress in compounding and in methods of manufacture, yet they continue, as they always have done, to regard smoked sheet and crepe from the plantations as the essential raw material of their industry. As a matter of fact, however, latex is the essential raw material, and the changes which it undergoes on the plantations are among the factors which influence the quality of the final rubber and therefore play a part in its possible uses. In the face of this, it seems like a paradox to say that the processing of latex on the plantations is based on arbitrary methods, without any consideration taken of their effects on the properties of the finished rubber, whereas mixing and vulcanizing operations are scrupulously controlled by manufacturers. For what reason does this paradoxical situation continue to prevail? Only because of the way by which the broker still evaluates rubber. The plantations are obliged to classify their commercial product into different types, according to color, superficial appearance, cleanness and the presence or absence of bubbles in sheet rubber, with complete disregard to its intrinsic properties, the latter not even being measured. To be regarded as the best quality, commercial rubber must be of a uniform color, must have a regular surface and must contain neither impurities nor bubbles.

scholarly journals Analysis of content of phenolic acids in Lithuanian propolis using high-performance liquid chromatography technique

Medicina ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Ramanauskienė ◽  
Arūnas Savickas ◽  
Asta Inkėnienė ◽  
Konradas Vitkevičius ◽  
Giedrė Kasparavičienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

The aim of the study was to analyze phenolic acids in Lithuanian propolis and to compare it with the composition of propolis in neighboring countries (Latvia and Poland) according to the predominant flora in the collecting places. The study was also aimed at the evaluation of the effect of the layer thickness (mm) of the harvested propolis on the quality of the raw material in determining the amount of phenolic acids. Materials and methods. The object of the study was propolis collected in Lithuania, Poland, and Latvia in late July of 2006 and 2007. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic acids was performed using the high-performance liquid chromatography technique (HPLC). Results. The results of the study showed that the quantitative and qualitative composition of phenolic acids in propolis depended on the plants from which the bees in the area collected substances for the raw material of propolis. The predominant phenolic acids were determined to be ferulic and coumaric acids, and they may be among the main indicators of quality in the standardization of the raw material and preparations of propolis. Conclusion. We created an HPLC-based analysis method for the identification and quantification of phenolic acids in propolis. The variety of phenolic acids in propolis depends on the vegetation predominating in the harvesting area. Studies have shown that the highest amount of phenolic acids is observed in propolis harvested in areas characterized by the predominance of deciduous trees and meadows. Results have also shown that ferulic and coumaric acids are the predominant phenolic acids in propolis. The thickness of the layer of the collected propolis in the hive also influences its chemical composition.

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