scholarly journals A review and analysis of control techniques in HVAC systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bharath Sai ◽  
H. Srinaathh ◽  
S Sanjunath
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Adaptive Controller ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Simulation Design ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Core Energy ◽  
Energy Absorbing

Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are the core energy-absorbing equipment in buildings. Building HVAC system with effective control technique can greatly reduce energy consumption. The high demand for HVAC system Placing in buildings, using an effective control technique to decrease the energy absorbing of the equipment while meeting the thermal comfort demands in buildings are the most important goals of control designers. The different control methods for HVAC systems. This paper defines control techniques used in HVAC systems, MATLAB/simulation design and implementation of controller’s technique with the transfer function for the HVAC system. Keywords-HVAC, PID controller, MPC Controller, Adaptive Controller, Fuzzy Controller.

scholarly journals Integration and Optimal Control of MicroCSP with Building HVAC Systems: Review and Future Directions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 730
Author(s):  
Mohamed Toub ◽  
Chethan R. Reddy ◽  
Rush D. Robinett ◽  
Mahdi Shahbakhti
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Optimal Energy Management ◽  
Solar Field

Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are omnipresent in modern buildings and are responsible for a considerable share of consumed energy and the electricity bill in buildings. On the other hand, solar energy is abundant and could be used to support the building HVAC system through cogeneration of electricity and heat. Micro-scale concentrated solar power (MicroCSP) is a propitious solution for such applications that can be integrated into the building HVAC system to optimally provide both electricity and heat, on-demand via application of optimal control techniques. The use of thermal energy storage (TES) in MicroCSP adds dispatching capabilities to the MicroCSP energy production that will assist in optimal energy management in buildings. This work presents a review of the existing contributions on the combination of MicroCSP and HVAC systems in buildings and how it compares to other thermal-assisted HVAC applications. Different topologies and architectures for the integration of MicroCSP and building HVAC systems are proposed, and the components of standard MicroCSP systems with their control-oriented models are explained. Furthermore, this paper details the different control strategies to optimally manage the energy flow, both electrical and thermal, from the solar field to the building HVAC system to minimize energy consumption and/or operational cost.

ENHANCEMENT OF CONTROL’S PARAMETER OF DECOUPLED HVAC SYSTEM VIA ADAPTIVE CONTROLLER THROUGH THE SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION TOOL BOX

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Attaran ◽  
Rubiyah Yusof
Keyword(s):  
System Identification ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Adaptive Controller ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Relative Gain ◽  
Controller Performance ◽  
Relative Gain Array ◽  
Nonlinear Character ◽  
Two Parameters

Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems have nonlinear character and nature. Current models for control components and the optimization of HVAC system parameters can be linear approximations based on an operating or activation point, or alternatively, highly complex nonlinear estimations. This duality creates problems when the systems are used with real time applications. The two parameters temperature and relative humidity (RH) have a more direct effect in most applications of HVAC systems than the execution. This study’s objective is to implement and simulate an adaptive controller for decoupled bi-linear HVAC systems for the purpose of controlling the temperature and RH in a thermal zone. The contribution of this study is to apply the adaptive controller for the decoupled bi linear HVAC system via relative gain array (RGA). To achieve this objective, we used a system identification toolbox to increase the speed and accuracy of the identification of system dynamics, as was required for simplification and decoupled HVAC systems. The method of decoupling is relative gain array. The results of the simulation show that when compared with a classical PID controller, the adaptive controller performance is superior, owing to the high efficiency with which the steady state set points for temperature and RH are reached.

scholarly journals Fuzzy Logic for Intelligent Control System Using Soft Computing Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2617
Author(s):  
Catalin Dumitrescu ◽  
Petrica Ciotirnae ◽  
Constantin Vizitiu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Soft Computing ◽  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Distributed Intelligence ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fuzzy Subsets

When considering the concept of distributed intelligent control, three types of components can be defined: (i) fuzzy sensors which provide a representation of measurements as fuzzy subsets, (ii) fuzzy actuators which can operate in the real world based on the fuzzy subsets they receive, and, (iii) the fuzzy components of the inference. As a result, these elements generate new fuzzy subsets from the fuzzy elements that were previously used. The purpose of this article is to define the elements of an interoperable technology Fuzzy Applied Cell Control-soft computing language for the development of fuzzy components with distributed intelligence implemented on the DSP target. The cells in the network are configured using the operations of symbolic fusion, symbolic inference and fuzzy–real symbolic transformation, which are based on the concepts of fuzzy meaning and fuzzy description. The two applications presented in the article, Agent-based modeling and fuzzy logic for simulating pedestrian crowds in panic decision-making situations and Fuzzy controller for mobile robot, are both timely. The increasing occurrence of panic moments during mass events prompted the investigation of the impact of panic on crowd dynamics and the simulation of pedestrian flows in panic situations. Based on the research presented in the article, we propose a Fuzzy controller-based system for determining pedestrian flows and calculating the shortest evacuation distance in panic situations. Fuzzy logic, one of the representation techniques in artificial intelligence, is a well-known method in soft computing that allows the treatment of strong constraints caused by the inaccuracy of the data obtained from the robot’s sensors. Based on this motivation, the second application proposed in the article creates an intelligent control technique based on Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC), a feature of intelligent control systems that can be used as an alternative to traditional control techniques for mobile robots. This method allows you to simulate the experience of a human expert. The benefits of using a network of fuzzy components are not limited to those provided distributed systems. Fuzzy cells are simple to configure while also providing high-level functions such as mergers and decision-making processes.

scholarly journals A Multi-Timescale Bilinear Model for Optimization and Control of HVAC Systems with Consistency

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelin Nie ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Chao-Bo Yan
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Model ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Bilinear Model ◽  
Optimization And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Slow Timescale

Reducing the energy consumption of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems while ensuring users’ comfort is of both academic and practical significance. However, the-state-of-the-art of the optimization model of the HVAC system is that either the thermal dynamic model is simplified as a linear model, or the optimization model of the HVAC system is single-timescale, which leads to heavy computation burden. To balance the practicality and the overhead of computation, in this paper, a multi-timescale bilinear model of HVAC systems is proposed. To guarantee the consistency of models in different timescales, the fast timescale model is built first with a bilinear form, and then the slow timescale model is induced from the fast one, specifically, with a bilinear-like form. After a simplified replacement made for the bilinear-like part, this problem can be solved by a convexification method. Extensive numerical experiments have been conducted to validate the effectiveness of this model.

scholarly journals A Heating Controller Designing Based on Living Space Heating Dynamic’s Model Approach in a Smart Building

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 998
Author(s):  
Roozbeh Sadeghian Broujeny ◽  
Kurosh Madani ◽  
Abdennasser Chebira ◽  
Veronique Amarger ◽  
Laurent Hurtard
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Time Series Prediction ◽  
Adaptive Controller ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Smart Building ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Soft Computing Techniques

Most already advanced developed heating control systems remain either in a prototype state (because of their relatively complex implementation requirements) or require very specific technologies not implementable in most existing buildings. On the other hand, the above-mentioned analysis has also pointed out that most smart building energy management systems deploy quite very basic heating control strategies limited to quite simplistic predesigned use-case scenarios. In the present paper, we propose a heating control strategy taking advantage of the overall identification of the living space by taking advantage of the consideration of the living space users’ presence as additional thermal sources. To handle this, an adaptive controller for the operation of heating transmitters on the basis of soft computing techniques by taking into account the diverse range of occupants in the heating chain is introduced. The strategy of the controller is constructed on a basis of the modeling heating dynamics of living spaces by considering occupants as an additional heating source. The proposed approach for modeling the heating dynamics of living spaces is on the basis of time series prediction by a multilayer perceptron neural network, and the controlling strategy regarding the heating controller takes advantage of a Fuzzy Inference System with the Takagi-Sugeno model. The proposed approach has been implemented for facing the dynamic heating conduct of a real five-floor building’s living spaces located at Senart Campus of University Paris-Est Créteil, taking into account the occupants of spaces in the control chain. The obtained results assessing the efficiency and adaptive functionality of the investigated fuzzy controller designed model-based approach are reported and discussed.

Chaos Suppression in Fractional order Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator in Wind Turbine Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan Rajagopal ◽  
Anitha Karthikeyan ◽  
Prakash Duraisamy
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Adaptive Controller ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator ◽  
Chaos Suppression ◽  
Fractional Order Model

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the control of three-dimensional non-autonomous fractional-order uncertain model of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) via a adaptive control technique. We derive a dimensionless fractional order model of the PMSM from the integer order presented in the literatures. Various dynamic properties of the fractional order model like eigen values, Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation and bicoherence are investigated. The system chaotic behavior for various orders of fractional calculus are presented. An adaptive controller is derived to suppress the chaotic oscillations of the fractional order model. As the direct Lyapunov stability analysis of the robust controller is difficult for a fractional order first derivative, we have derived a new lemma to analyze the stability of the system. Numerical simulations of the proposed chaos suppression methodology are given to prove the analytical results derived through which we show that for the derived adaptive controller and the parameter update law, the origin of the system for any bounded initial conditions is asymptotically stable.

The Use of Damping Based Semi-Active Control Algorithms in the Mechanical Smart-Spring System

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wander Gustavo Rocha Vieira ◽  
Fred Nitzsche ◽  
Carlos De Marqui
Keyword(s):  
Active Control ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Vibration Reduction ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Coupled Systems ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Spring Mechanism

In recent decades, semi-active control strategies have been investigated for vibration reduction. In general, these techniques provide enhanced control performance when compared to traditional passive techniques and lower energy consumption if compared to active control techniques. In semi-active concepts, vibration attenuation is achieved by modulating inertial, stiffness, or damping properties of a dynamic system. The smart spring is a mechanical device originally employed for the effective modulation of its stiffness through the use of semi-active control strategies. This device has been successfully tested to damp aeroelastic oscillations of fixed and rotary wings. In this paper, the modeling of the smart spring mechanism is presented and two semi-active control algorithms are employed to promote vibration reduction through enhanced damping effects. The first control technique is the smart-spring resetting (SSR), which resembles resetting control techniques developed for vibration reduction of civil structures as well as the piezoelectric synchronized switch damping on short (SSDS) technique. The second control algorithm is referred to as the smart-spring inversion (SSI), which presents some similarities with the synchronized switch damping (SSD) on inductor technique previously presented in the literature of electromechanically coupled systems. The effects of the SSR and SSI control algorithms on the free and forced responses of the smart-spring are investigated in time and frequency domains. An energy flow analysis is also presented in order to explain the enhanced damping behavior when the SSI control algorithm is employed.

Utilizing an Adaptive Controller (Azadi Controller) for Trajectory Planning of PUMA 560 Robot

2011 ◽  
Vol 403-408 ◽  
pp. 4880-4887
Author(s):  
Sassan Azadi
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Trajectory Planning ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Adaptive Controller ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Transient Responses ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Good Substitute

This research work was devoted to present a novel adaptive controller which uses two negative stable feedbacks with a positive unstable positive feedback. The positive feedback causes the plant to do the break, therefore reaching the desired trajectory with tiny overshoots. However, the two other negative feedback gains controls the plant in two other sides of positive feedback, making the system to be stable, and controlling the steady-state, and transient responses. This controller was performed for PUMA-560 trajectory planning, and a comparison was made with a fuzzy controller. The fuzzy controller parameters were obtained according to the PSO technique. The simulation results shows that the novel adaptive controller, having just three parameters, can perform well, and can be a good substitute for many other controllers for complex systems such as robotic path planning.

Improved Load Sharing Control Techniques for Inverters used in a Microgrid

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yao ◽  
Zhaoming Qian
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Transient Response ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Load Sharing ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Transient Performance ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Control Scheme

In this paper, an improved load sharing control scheme is presented, which is able to improve the transient response and power sharing accuracy of parallel-connected inverters used in microgrid. It also shows how the improved droop method can be easily adapted to account for the operation of parallel-connected inverters, providing good performance under the variation and disturbance of loads, as well as achieving good steady-state objectives and transient performance. Two DSP-based single-phase Microgrid inverters are designed and implemented. Simulation and experimental results are all reported, confirming the validity of the proposed control technique.

scholarly journals Fuzzy Stabilization for Nonlinear Discrete Ship Steering Stochastic Systems Subject to State Variance and Passivity Constraints

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Jer Chang ◽  
Bo-Jyun Huang ◽  
Po-Hsun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Linear Matrix Inequality ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Stochastic Systems ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Linear Matrix ◽  
Matrix Inequality ◽  
Ship Steering

For nonlinear discrete-time stochastic systems, a fuzzy controller design methodology is developed in this paper subject to state variance constraint and passivity constraint. According to fuzzy model based control technique, the nonlinear discrete-time stochastic systems considered in this paper are represented by the discrete-time Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models with multiplicative noise. Employing Lyapunov stability theory, upper bound covariance control theory, and passivity theory, some sufficient conditions are derived to find parallel distributed compensation based fuzzy controllers. In order to solve these sufficient conditions, an iterative linear matrix inequality algorithm is applied based on the linear matrix inequality technique. Finally, the fuzzy stabilization problem for nonlinear discrete ship steering stochastic systems is investigated in the numerical example to illustrate the feasibility and validity of proposed fuzzy controller design method.

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