scholarly journals In vitro Evaluation of PHYTOSANEB-020, A Biopesticide for the Control of Mealybug (Planococcus ficus) on Rosa multiflora and Bougainvillea spectabilis in Kimwenza-Mission

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
A. B. Mujinga ◽  
J. Konga ◽  
B. K. Gusemba ◽  
M. K. Okito ◽  
C. N. Kuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petri Dish ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Rosa Multiflora ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation ◽  
Planococcus Ficus ◽  
Maconellicoccus Hirsutus ◽  
Bougainvillea Spectabilis

This study focused on the in vitro evaluation of the effectiveness of Phytosaneb-020, a bio-pesticide on Mealybug Planococcus ficus (Signoret) which infests Rosa multiflora (Rosa polyantha) and Bougainvillea spectabilis. Three treatments were used: Phytosaneb-020, Pacha a chemical insecticide and aqueous solution (distilled water) as a negative control. A volume of 1.5 mL for an area of ​​56.72 cm2 corresponding to the area of ​​a Petri dish, used for each treatment. Populations of Maconellicoccus hirsutus were carefully collected from bougainvillea leaves and roses.  Pacha gave the highest mortality percentage for direct toxicity by contact (98.3± 2.89%) followed by Saneb-020 (93.3 ± 7.64%). The negative control, distilled water, was not effective against the insects. No death was observed (0%). The repellency effect assay revealed a repellent activity of 80% ± 20 for Saneb-20. Distilled water gave the best avoidance effect (86.7±11.6%) pointing out the fact that Mealybug Planococcus ficus doesn’t support the presence of water. Pasha exhibited low repellency effect on Mealybug Planococcus ficus (46.7±41.6%). Further investigations on different pests are strongly suggested and encouraged to improve the effectiveness of this biopesticide.

Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effects of Different Mouthrinses against Streptococcus Mutans: An in Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 398-407
Author(s):  
Eman Abu-obaid ◽  
Fouad Salama ◽  
Ala’a Abu-obaid ◽  
Fars Alanazi ◽  
Mounir Salem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Strain ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Chlorhexidine Digluconate ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Purpose: To assess the antimicrobial effects of different natural and semi-natural mouthrinses on isolates of S. mutans obtained from the saliva of Saudi children and reference strains of S mutans (ATCC 25175). Study design: Saliva samples were collected from 20 children. Natural and semi-natural mouthrinses included were herbal mix mouthrinse, cranberry mouthrinse, chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinse, cranberry extract mixed with chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinse, chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinse with alcohol (positive control), and distilled water (negative control). The microbiological examination tests were minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal bactericidal concentration, and zone of inhibition for the saliva isolates of S. mutans while zone of inhibition test only for reference strain of S. mutans. Results: For reference strain in a comparison with the distilled water, the herbal mix, cranberry, cranberry mixed with chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine, and chlorhexidine with alcohol showed significantly increased zones of inhibition by 36.38, 36.25, 26.13, 17.75, and 12.38, respectively. For saliva isolates in a comparison with the distilled water, the herbal mix, cranberry, cranberry mixed with chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine, and chlorhexidine with alcohol showed significantly increased zones of inhibition by 38.00, 34.25, 22.94, 16.50, and 16.44, respectively. Chlorhexidine with alcohol showed significantly lower minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration than the other groups. Conclusions: Herbal mix and cranberry mouthrinses could be effective natural alternative to chlorhexidine mouthrinse with or without alcohol in affecting tested parameters.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Batang Matoa (Pometia pinnata) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus secara In vitro

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercy Ngajow ◽  
Jemmy Abidjulu ◽  
Vanda S. Kamu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Distilled Water

Telah dilakukan penelitian secara kualitatif terhadap pengaruh antibakteri dari ekstrak kulit batang matoa (Pometia pinnata. Spp.) terhadap bakteri Gram positif Staphylococcus aureus . Sebelum dilakukan uji antibakteri, sampel yang telah diekstrak secara maserasi diuji fitokimia terlebih dahulu untuk menentukan kandungan metabolit sekunder yang telah diketahui berperan sebagai agen antibakteri. Setelah dilakukan uji fitokimia, ekstrak diuji aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan menggunakan teknik difusi agar dengan cara sumuran. Ekstrak dilarutkan pada aquades steril dengan perbandingan 2 g ekstrak pada 2 mL air. Untuk kontrol positif, digunakan ciprofloxacin dan aquades steril sebagai kontrol negatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit batang matoa memiliki aktivitas antibakteri setelah diinkubasi selama 24 jam pada 37 OC. Dari 3 kali pengulangan dengan masing – masing 3 sumuran, didapat zona hambat masing – masing 16.84 mm, 12.5 mm dan 14.5 mm dengan kontrol positif 29.67 mm serta kontrol negatif 0 mm. Hasil yang diperoleh didukung oleh keberadaan metabolit sekunder hasil uji fitokimia yaitu tanin, flavonoid, terpenoid dan saponin.A qualitative study has done  of the antibacterial effect of matoa (Pometia pinnata) stem bark extract against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus . Before the antibacterial test , samples were extracted by maceration and then  phytochemical  tested to measuring the content of secondary metabolites  that have been known to act as an antibacterial agent . After being tested of phytochemical , extracts were tested the antibacterial effect  against Staphylococcus aureus using agar diffusion technique. Extract was dissolved in sterile distilled water with a ratio of 2 g of extract in 2 mL of water . For the positive control , use of ciprofloxacin and sterile distilled water as a negative control . Results of this study indicate that matoa bark extract has antibacterial effect after incubation for 24 h at 37OC . Of 3 times with each repetition - each 3 wells, the inhibition zone obtained - each 16.84 mm , 12.5 mm and 14.5 mm with 29.67 mm of positive control and a negative control by 0 mm . The results are supported by the presence of secondary metabolites by phytochemical test such as tannins , flavonoids , terpenoids and saponins.

scholarly journals Alternative insecticides in the control of the brown citrus aphid Toxoptera citricida (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
J. E. Lima ◽  
D. A. Alves ◽  
M. C. M. Cruz ◽  
M. A. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soap Solution ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Toxoptera Citricida

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of alternative insecticides to control the brown citrus aphid Toxoptera citricida (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The treatments consisted of neem oil Azadirachta indica (Sapindales: Meliaceae); smoke syrup Nicotiana tabacum (Solanales: Solanaceae); coconut soap solution (commercial product); black pepper extract Piper nigrum (Piperales: Piperaceae); chemical insecticide Decis® 25 EC; and distilled water. Ten adult insects were placed on a filter paper in a Petri dish, applying 1.5 mL of each treatment to each dish, kept in a BOD-type air-conditioned chamber at a temperature of 25 ± 1 °C and a photophase of 12 hours. The experimental design used was completely randomized, using six treatments with six repetitions, consisting of 10 aphids. Survival assessment were performed at 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours after application of treatments. The alternative insecticides coconut soap and the smoke syrup caused the mortality of 45% and 38.3%, respectively, of the T. citricida at 24 hours after application, showing promising in the control of this pest.

scholarly journals 25. The effect of Fingerroot Rhizome (Boesenbergia pandurata) Extract on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus in Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia P.N Keliat ◽  
Darniati Darniati ◽  
Abdul Harris ◽  
Erina Erina ◽  
Rinidar Rinidar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Distilled Water

This study aimed to determine the inhibitory effect and the concentration of fingerroot extract to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus growth. The data was analyzed descriptively. Ampicillin was used as positive control, distilled water was used as negative control, and the treatments were given fingerroot extract with a concentration of 5%, 15%, 25%, 35% and 45%. This study was conducted with three replications. The parameter measured was the diameter of inhibition zone formed by diffusion method. The average diameter of inhibition zone of the fingerroot extract were 15% : 10.3 mm; 25% : 13,6mm; 35% : 18,7mm; 45% ± 21,1mm, and at a concentration of 5% the inhibition zone is not formed. The final conclusion is that the fingerroot extract can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The higher concentration of fingerroot extract, the more extensive inhibition zone formed.

scholarly journals Clot Lysis and Antimitotic Study of Ficus glomerata Roxb Fruit Extracts

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirankumar Shivasharanappa ◽  
Ramesh Londonkar
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Antimitotic Activity ◽  
Ficus Glomerata

The present study was carried out to investigate the thrombolytic and antimitotic potentiality of various extracts of fruits of Ficus glomerata, a traditional medicinal plant, using an in vitro assay method. Three crude extracts such as petroleum ether (FGPE), chloroform (FGCE), and methanol (FGME) were used for the study, with a standard (streptokinase) and negative control (sterile distilled water) to validate the method. The thrombolytic nature of the plant was found significant with methanol extract and chloroform and petroleum ether extracts have recorded mild activity, when compared with the negative control (sterile distilled water). The extracts have shown mild clot lysis, that is, 2.16%, 23.06%, 27.60%, and 47.74% of sterile distilled water, FGPE, FGCE, and FGME, respectively, while the standard (streptokinase) has shown 74.22% clot lysis. FGME inhibited the root growth in number as well as length effectively, followed by FGPE, while FGCE exhibited moderate antimitotic activity and it was supported by mitotic index. Therefore, the obtained results suggest that among all the extracts of plant the methanolic extract has shown highest thrombolytic and antimitotic activity.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Efek Daya Hambat Jus Kulit Buah Manggis dengan Air Rebusan Kulit Buah Manggis sebagai Antibakteri terhadap Bakteri Gram-Positif (Staphylococcus aureus dan Streptococcus pyogenes) secara In Vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nani Hendriani ◽  
Netti Suharti ◽  
Julizar Julizar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control

AbstrakBakteri Gram-positif seperti Staphylococcus aureus dan Streptococcus pyogenes telah resisten terhadap beberapa antibiotik, sehingga perlu dicari antibakteri alternatif lain. Manggis merupakan salah satu tanaman obat tradisional yang telah lama digunakan sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental terhadap kedua bakteri tersebut,  yang diberi enam perlakuan dengan enam kali pengulangan, yaitu kontrol positif (amoksisilin 25 mcg), kontrol negatif (larutan aquades), jus kulit buah manggis dosis I (konsentrasi 58,3% v/v) dan dosis II (konsentrasi 29,15% v/v), serta air rebusan kulit buah manggis dosis I (konsentrasi 30,7% v/v) dan dosis II (konsentrasi 15,35% v/v). Cawan petri dengan kedua isolat bakteri  yang telah ditanami cakram dengan 6 perlakuan diinkubasi selama 24 jam pada suhu 37°C, kemudian diukur diameter halo yang dihasilkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa air rebusan kulit buah manggis memiliki efek daya hambat yang lebih baik daripada jus kulit buah manggis. Efek antibakteri jus dan air rebusan kulit buah manggis lebih sensitif pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dibanding bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes.Kata kunci: kulit buah manggis, jus, air rebusan, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes AbstractGram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pyogenes have developed resistance to some antibiotic, therefore  need to find another alternative as antibacterial. Mangosteen well known as one of the traditional medicine used as antibacterial. This study was conducted in experimental fashion toward both of those bacteria which was given 6 treatment with 6 times repetition, consist of positive control (25 mcg of amoxicillin), negative control (aquades solution), mangosteen pericarp juice dose I (58% v/v) and dose II (29,15% v/v), and boiled mengosteen pericarp dose I (30,7% v/v) and dose II (15,35% v/v). Six paper disks treated with before mentioned treatment was putted on a petri dish which previously has been isolated with both of those bacteria incubated for 24 hour at temperature of 37º celcius. The halo produced after incubation period was measured. The result showed that boiled mangosteen pericarp has better inhibitory effect compared to mangosteen pericarp juice. Both antibacterial effect were more sensitive on Staphylococcus aureus than Streptococcus pyogenes.Keywords: mangosteen pericarp, juice, boiled, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes

scholarly journals The effect of in vitro royal jelly provision on adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sifra Kristina Hartono ◽  
Tetiana Haniastuti ◽  
Heni Susilowati ◽  
Juni Handajani ◽  
Alma Linggar Jonarta
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Density Values

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic bacterium, which could aggressively infect immunocompromised patients and thus, cause high mortality rate. In addition, P. aeruginosa in oropharynx could be aspirated and cause ventilator associated pneumonia. Royal jelly is one of bee’s products that has been used for therapeutic needs including antibacteria. Adherence factor of P. aeruginosa were flagelum, pili and lectin. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of royal jelly to P. aeruginosa adhesion. Suspension of P. aeruginosa (ATCC® 27853) was incubated at 37 °C for 18 h. Treatment groups were exposed to royal jelly with several concentrations, 2%, 4%, 6%; while distilled water was being used as negative control. Bacterial adhesion test was determined using spectrophotometer λ = 600 nm to measure optical density values of adhered bacterial suspension in tubes. The result of one-way ANOVA showed significant differences (p<0.05) of optical density values among groups indicating that royal jelly affected the bacterial adhesion. LSD results showed significant difference of optical density values between 2%, 4%, and 6% royal jelly compared to distilled water. Six percent of royal jelly had the least optical density value compared to the other groups. In conclusion, royal jelly has the ability to decrease adhesion of P. aeruginosa. Six percent of royal jelly has better ability to decrease adhesion of P. aeruginosa than other concentrations.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Kombinasi Ekstrak Akar Saluang Belum (Lavanga sarmentosa) dengan Akar Kuning (Arcangelisia flava Merr) terhadap Daya Hambat Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila Secara In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1038
Author(s):  
Maryani Maryani ◽  
Kartika Bungas ◽  
Hasan Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Water Handling ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Inhibitory Power

Saluang Belum Root (Lavanga sarmentosa) and Yellow Root ((Arcangelisia flava) Merr) plants that have antibacterial effects need to be proven, for this research this program uses Saluang Belum Root (Lavanga sarmentosa) with Yellow Root (Arcangelisia flava) Merr) against bacterial inhibition. Aeromonas hydrophila by In Vitro. The method used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 (six) settings and 3 (three) replications related to the aid of A = 25 gr / 150 ml distilled water, treatment B = 35 gr / 150 ml distilled water, C treatment = 45 gr / 150 ml distilled water, treatment D = 55 gr / 150 ml distilled water, handling E = 500 mg chloromphenicol / 150 ml distilled water, and treatment F = negative control only using the use of 150 ml distilled water. The results of this study indicate a combination of Saluang Belum Root Root (Lavanga sarmentosa) with Yellow Root (Arcangelisia flava Merr) which is able to inhibit the growth of My Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria because it has an antibacterial effect, this can be seen from the results of the zone average (inhibitory power) on each The treatment is the highest clear zone according to the D 55 gr / 150 ml treatment with an average clear zone of 15 mm and the lowest clear zone yield is A 25 gr / 150 ml approval with an average clear zone value of 11 mm.  Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila; Root of Saluang Not yet; Yellow Root; Antibacterial.

scholarly journals Uji Efektivitas Anthelmintik Formula Suspensi Biji Mentimun (Cucumissativus L.) Terhadap Cacing Gelang (Ascaris Lumbricoides)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Nurfiddin Farid ◽  
Andi Suparlan Isya Syamsu ◽  
Ahmad Irsyad Aliah ◽  
Anna Muthmainna Murdi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Test Animal ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Concentration Test

The Effectiveness Test of Cucumber Seeds Suspension Formula (Cucumis sativus L) towards Roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides) as in Vitro Anthelmintic, It has been conducted research to know cucumber seeds powder (Cucumis sativus L) can be made into form of suspension stock and to know stock of cucumber seeds suspension (Cucumis sativus L) can give effect of anthelmintic toward roundwoms Ascaris lumbricoides. The research was conducted by using experimental method. Powder of cucumber seeds (Cucumis sativus L) were made into suspension stock with 3 concentratios such as 5%, 10%, 15% concetrations and suspension without powder of cucumber seeds (Cucumis sativus L) with different addition subtance concentration. Test animal used was roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides) that was taken by pig’s intestine. Treatment group consisted into five categories such as 125 mg positive control of pamoat pirantel (Combantrin®), negative control of suspension without powder of cucumber seeds (Cucumis sativus L), and category of cucumber seeds suspension (Cucumis sativus.L) as 5%, 10%, and 15%. Each group was soaked with 40 ml test ingredient into petri dish. Then it was observed and writte the number of died worms in every minute. 100% observation of died worm was group of positive control at 405 minutes, negative control at 1710 minutes, 5% concetration of cucumber seeds suspension stock at 540 minutes, 10%concentration at 465 minutes and 15% concentration at 420 minutes. The result of research showed that cucumber seeds (Cucumis sativus L) can be made into suspension stock and effective as anhelmintic toward roundworms Ascaris lumbricoides.

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