Internet Addiction as a Behavioral Addiction

Taking into consideration the gradually widespread use of the internet, children are thought to be an important group both in terms of the time they spend on the internet and the dangers they will be exposed to in the virtual world. Internet addiction is essentially a type of behavioral addiction, characterized by a certain behavioral pattern, which is confronted with both physical, psychological, and social consequences. The research aims to establish a correlation between children's addiction to computer games with the cyber violence that they may be exposed to base on this addiction. For this reason, this study is a systematic review that aims to examine the effects of computer addiction as a subtype of internet addiction, which is a type of behavioral addiction, on children and its relationship with cyber violence. The research significantly contributes to the literature by revealing the effects of COVID-19 on children's addiction to computer games and the correlation of children's addiction to computer games with cyber violence.

TO THE QUESTION ABOUT COMPUTER DEPENDENCE

This article is based on the report of the author of an all-institute seminar dedicated to the preliminary defense of the dissertation topic «Ethical education as a factor in preventing Internet addiction.» Internet addiction is understood here as the excessive computer enthusiasm of young people. The popularization of digital high-tech computer technologies creates addictions to computers, which leads to pathological disorders, as well as other diseases. In this regard, the authors seek to analyze the essence and content of computer addiction.

KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR CREATING A NEW BUILDING TYPE CYBERHUB AS A RESULT OF THE CYBERSPORT DEVELOPMENT

The article talks about currently relevant issue – computer addiction. Author makes an attempt to start a conversation with a highly conservative society, that has no firm understanding of what cybersport is, and is not willing to let their children pursue this field. The themes are living in the age of rapid development of IT technologies; the definition of cybersport, general pros and cons of computer gaming; Ukraine's need to create cybereducation platforms and spread IT-savviness. While cybersport has its place at the majority of the countries, Ukrainians waste their time casually playing "tanchiki" (common slang for the game). Author argues that one of the reasons for this is the lack of specialized institutional affiliations, agencies, gaming platforms and arenas for development and demonstration of one's skills in the new sport type – cybersport. Author formulates the objective of the study as an attempt to determine the relevance of creating a cyberhub, built specifically not for entertainment but for educational purposes; putting together a list of the required zones of such space; creating an entire system which includes constructing multifunctional zones with the help of movable modules. The hub will include cybersport academies and tournament arenas, classrooms, conference and exhibition salons, showrooms and so on; programming the cyberhub inner climate and the protection from hacker cyberattacks will be done with the usage of the "smart-house" technologies. Author defines cyberdesign and its general principles and applies them to unigue aspects of the hub. The main goal for designing such a hub is to create an interior which translates the atmosphere of the past, present and future of gaming and entertainment. The important point is to avoid a post-apocalyptic impression, instead making a connection with the nature, and blending the styles of futuristic and eco-design, thus creating a new niche of space in the cyberculture.

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTER ADDICTION PREVENTION AMONG TEENAGERS

The article is devoted to the research and analysis of the characteristics of the impact and prevalence of computer addiction among teenagers. The main causes and preconditions for computer addiction are clarified; indicators that state the occurance and presence of computer addiction among adolescents, which are distinguished in clinical, psychological and socio-psychological aspects are singled out and reviwed. Based on the experimental data, the following criteria of computer addiction are proposed: dominance, tolerance, compulsiveness, "withdrawal" syndrome, social maladaptation. The results of a sociological study on this issue are presented and interpreted. The main factors of computer addiction in adolescence are identified as follows: psychological, socio-psychological, social. Ways to overcome computer addiction and prevent its occurrence, as well as methods of rational approach to working with computers in the educational environment are outlined. It was found that computer addiction among teenagers is characterized by the replacement of real life with virtual, when there is an underestimation and ignoring of other areas of social life. The psychological and physical symptoms of Internet addiction are considered, including the major indicators that can be observed and verified by educators, psychologists, parents in order to diagnose computer addiction among teenagers, as well as to determine ways to prevent and correct it.

Cyber-addictions of the Ukrainian youth

The work is devoted to the study of the problem of dependence on cyberspace of young people. Experts increasingly believe that cyber-addiction is a pathological urge or disease that belongs to the category of non-chemical dependencies and has its own nosology, etiology, pathogenesis and requires prevention, treatment and psycho-correction. Thanks to the analysis of scientific achievements, their actual types were determined, a comprehensive model of classification was built taking into account socially accepted, pathological and cyber-addiction; the stages of cyber-addiction formation are separated. Thanks to the developed and tested method «Test-questionnaire for detecting cyber-addiction», it was found that the most typical addictions for young people are: computer addiction, Internet addiction, game addiction and gadget addiction; girls are more typical: cyber communicative addiction and selfitis. When considering age characteristics, it was found that the highest rates of 3rd degree of addiction are among people aged 19 to 21, a more even distribution of 2nd and 3rd degrees of addiction among people aged 14 to 15 years. Due to the factor analysis of the obtained results, it was established that an addict can have not one dependence, but several, although each of them may have a different degree of manifestation.

Pre-Schoolers’ Parental Concern on Educational Effect of Information and Communication Technology on Children’s Learning

Technology has been the bread and butter of learning not only among school going children, but also those of pre-schoolers. Its access and usage has become the perennial tool to generate learning. Hence, it comes with the effects of the learning process. This study attempts to investigate the concern of pre-schoolers’ parents regarding the access of Information Communication Technology (ICT) that takes place both in school and at home. This has also become the cause of concern for parents as their children are exposed to its access and usage, conveniently 24/7. To conduct this study, questionnaires were given and duly completed by 10 parents in a small school of eighteen pre-schoolers. These pre-schoolers ranged from the ages of 3 to 6 years old. At these ages, the children have ICT knowledge, at home ranging from leisure games, electronic toys, mobile phones, television, CD, and computers. They have well educated parents with concerns on child computer addiction, health matters and lack of social values. Discussions on the findings focus on the advantages and disadvantages of technology access and usage among the pre-schoolers. They also included the questions on methods of access control or preventive measures to ensure safe ICT use for these pre-schoolers. This study took a qualitative approach as it was suitable to access the respondents’ perception and opinion via questionnaires. The analysis of the study results indicated that ICT had positive impact on education. The concern and setback for parents were the health issues, dark webs, and lack or over socialising. More often it is lack of social mingling. Received: 27 June 2021 / Accepted: 9 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021

TENDENCY TO ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS AND ITS LINK WITH LIFE-PURPOSE ORIENTATIONS AND PERSONAL TRAITS

The online study involved 48 people. The study was conducted using three methods: Method for diagnostics on tendency to 13 types of addiction (G. Lozova, 2007); Five-factor personality questionnaire (adaptation by A. Khromov, 2000); Purpose-in-Life Test (adaptation by D. Leontiev, 2000). The offer to participate in the study was distributed on the Internet using the Telegram-messenger. Among the subjects were 32 women and 16 men aged 15 to 30 years. 89.7% of respondents are persons aged 19 to 21 years. It was found that 10.4% of respondents have a high level, 68.7% of respondents have average level and 20.8% of respondents have low level of general tendency to addictive behaviors. Tendencies to Alcohol Addiction, Love Addiction, Food Addiction, Work Addiction, Computer Addiction, Addiction on Healthy Lifestyle occur in more than half of the subjects. Manifestations of tendency to certain types of addictive behavior differ in the male and female parts of the sample. According to the high rates of Tendencies to Love, Food, and Work Addictions, the proportion of men is almost one third higher than the proportion of women. According to the high rates of Tendency to Computer Addiction, the proportion of men is five times higher than the corresponding proportion of women. According to the Alcohol Addiction scale, the percentage of men with an average rate is significantly higher than the corresponding percentage of women, while the percentage of women with a high rate on this scale is almost three times higher than the percentage of men (18.8 and 6.3, respectively). On the scales Game Addiction, Drug Addiction, Smoking Addiction, General Addiction there are significantly more men with both medium and high rates. The Tendency to Religious Addiction, Drug Addiction and Addiction on Healthy Lifestyle is mostly "female". The Tendency to TV Addiction is not expressed in either the male or female parts of the sample. It was found that people with a low level of meaningful in life have Tendencies to Love Addiction and Computer Addiction. Their level of General Tendency to Addictive Behavior is higher. People with a higher rate of meaningful in life differ from people with a low rate in such personal qualities as dominance, search for impressions, extroversion, persistence, responsibility, curiosity, artistry, sensitivity, expressiveness. A low rate of meaningful in life is associated with emotional instability, anxiety, depression, self-criticism, tension. It is established that the Tendency to Computer Addiction and the General Tendency to Addiction are inversely related to the goals, process, performance of life, locus of control-I, locus of control-life and meaningful in life; the Tendency to Computer Addiction is inversely related to persistence, and the General Tendency to Addiction is inversely related to dominance and responsibility. The factor structure of Tendency to Addictive Behavior contains the following components: Meaning as a Protective Factor; Chemical Addictions, Self-Control, Health as Super-Value, Eating Your Emotional Instability, Intersexual Addiction vs Alcohol Addiction and Symbiotic Love.

THE PHENOMENON OF INTERNET ADDICTION AS THE MAIN DETERMINANT OF PATHOLOGICAL CULTURE IN THE GLOBALIZATION ENVIRONMENT

The purpose of the article: to find out the consequences of globalization processes that provoked a cultural crisis with the help of Internet networks, distorting the worldview and value orientations of the population . Applied research methods: the method of abstraction is used. Abstraction exists in organic unity with the method of generalization, theoretical-problem method and system-structural analysis. Such behavioural manifestations as neglect of established norms, isolation, anxiety, depressive states, deviant and addictive behaviour are characteristic of a marginal personality. These social factors provoke intra-personal conflicts and deep anxiety caused by the feeling of helplessness in the face of the hostile surrounding world. Besides, these crises encompass «the problem of the absurdity of one’s life, as well as doubts about the entire previous value system». Nowadays, there is a rapid development of addictive behaviour around the world, as evidenced by the constant increase in national and international research on this phenomenon. There emerge new types of addictive behaviour caused by the complexity of the social environment (the emergence of consumer culture and the technical development of communication links), namely, informatization and consumerism. New types of addictive behaviour are beginning to compete with new types, such as gaming and computer addiction. Researchers around the world are sounding the alarm about the deepening problem of Internet addiction among young people since the main danger is that a pathological addiction to the Internet can lead to serious consequences and depression. Concerning new types of addictive behaviour, traditional forms and means of social control have become helpless and ineffective.

Detrimental Impact of Digitalization on Pupils’ Personality Traits and Physiological Development

Introduction. The article aims to examine the problems pertaining to personality traits and physiological development caused by the digital transformation of education. Education is one of the main components of a society’s social structure and is constantly subject to changes under external factors. One of these factors is digitalization, which has an ambiguous impact on the abovementioned process. Research methodology. The methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific methods such as synthesis, analysis, comparison, as well as special research methods such as content analysis of official documents. Results. In the course of the research the author comes to the conclusion that not only does the digitalization of education create new opportunities for learning but also gives rise to problems that can potentially affect the development of pupils' personalities and their health. These include as follows: introduction of untested technologies, of which the impact has not yet been scientifically proven; deterioration of writing, reading, speaking as well as other socially important skills, sight impairments, computer addiction and IAD, which can generally lead to the development of the so-called 'digital dementia'. It should be noted that not enough research on the impact of digital technologies on the mental and physical health of children is available at the moment. Nor are there many scientific investigations concerning the safety and effectiveness of learning by means of digital environment. The introduction of digital technologies raises concerns about their impact on pupils’ health and on society as a whole; there are discussions about the role of teachers in the educational process as well.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF LIFE AND THE STAGE OF MANIFESTATION OF CYBER ADDICTIONS

The whole world today is rapidly following the path of digitalization of society, cyberspace is becoming a new sphere of reality for the majority of the population. Despite all the advantages of interactive technologies and the speed of obtaining the necessary information due to the prevalence of the Internet. New problematic issues also arise. Almost 8% of the world's population has been already addicted to the Internet, but questions about the nosology, etiology of cyber addictions and their treatment and prevention still remain unresolved. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of social living conditions on the severity of cyber addictions. The following research methods were used: bibliographic and historical analysis of theoretical heritage, psychodiagnostic testing: Test-questionnaire for detecting cyber addiction (TQC) and semi-structured interview of respondents to clarify social living conditions as well as mathematical and statistical methods for data analysis (data processing was done using the program "Microsoft Excel", "SPSS 26.0 for Windows XP"). The study sample consisted of 559 people, including 408 who had certain types of cyber addictions and 151 people who agreed to join the control group (relatively healthy). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of bioethics and deontology. It was found that the most typical addictions for boys are computer addiction, Internet addiction, game addiction and gadget addiction; more typical addictions for girls are cybercommunication addiction and selfie. In correlation analysis (according to Pearson and Tau-b Kendall) of relationship between the influence of social living conditions on the severity of cyber addictions it was found that according to the results of both correlation matrices the links were not revealed between cyber addictions and educational institutions in which our respondents studied; but at the same time a direct relationship was found between computer addiction, Internet addiction, game addiction and cyber-communication addiction with the academic success of cyber-addicts. Such a type of cyber addiction as selfie has an inverse relationship with the material wealth of the family. When analyzing the results obtained by Pearson's correlation analysis, it can be argued that the manifestations of all types of cyber addictions have a medium direct connection with conflicts with parents, a weak direct connection between cyber addictions and conflicts with peers.