scholarly journals CO2 Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Oleoresins from Sea Buckthorn Pomace: Evidence of Advanced Bioactive Profile and Selected Functionality

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1681
Author(s):  
Liliana Mihalcea ◽  
Mihaela Turturică ◽  
Elena Iulia Cucolea ◽  
George-Mădălin Dănilă ◽  
Loredana Dumitrașcu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Good Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Extraction Parameters ◽  
Β Carotene

The processing of sea buckthorn generates a significant amount of pomace, seeds and skin considered valuable sources of health-promoting macromolecules, such as carotenoids, pectin, flavonoids, phytosterols, polyunsaturated fatty acids and tocopherols. In this study, the bioactives from sea buckthorn pomace (SBP) were extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide (SFE-CO2), at different temperatures and pressures, allowing for obtaining four fractions according to separators (S40 and S45). The highest carotenoid content of 396.12 ± 1.02 mg/g D.W. was found in the S40 fraction, at extraction parameters of 35 °C/45 MPa, yielding an antioxidant activity of 32.10 ± 0.17 mMol TEAC/g D.W. The representative carotenoids in the extract were zeaxanthin, β-carotene and lycopene, whereas all enriched SFE-CO2 extracts contained α-, β- and δ-tocopherol, with α-tocopherol representing around 82% of all fractions. β-sitosterol was the major phytosterol in the fractions derived from S45. All fractions contained significant fatty acids, with a predominance of linoleic acid. Remarkably, the enriched extracts showed a significant palmitoleic acid content, ranging from 53 to 65 µg/g. S40 extracts showed a good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966, whereas S45 extracts showed a growth inhibition rate of 100% against Aspergillus niger after three days of growth. Our results are valuable, and they allow identifying the different profiles of extracts with many different applications in food, pharmaceutics, nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, COMPOSITION OF FATTY ACID, CAROTENOIDS AND TOCOPHEROLS OF DEGUMMED AND NEUTRALIZED RED FRUIT (Pandanus conoideus) OIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Zita Letviany Sarungallo ◽  
Budi Santoso ◽  
Risma Uli Situngkir ◽  
Mathelda Kurniaty Roreng ◽  
Meike Meilan Lisangan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Fruit Oil ◽  
Β Carotene

Refining of crude red fruit oil (CRFO) through the degumming and neutralization steps intended to produce oil free of impurities (non triglycerides) such as phospholipids, proteins, residues and carbohydrates, and also reducing the amount of free fatty acids (FFA). This study aims to determine the effect of red fruit oil purification through degumming and neutralization stages on chemical properties, fatty acid composition, carotenoid content and tocopherol of red fruit oil (RFO). The results showed that degumming of CRFO did not affect the decrease in water content, FFA levels, peroxide numbers, iodine values, carotenoids and tocopherols content; but decrease in levels of phosphorus, β-carotene and α-tocopherol. Neutralization of degummed-RFO (DRFO) did not affect the decrease in water content, iodine value, carotenoid, tocopherol and α-tocopherol; but the FFA levels, peroxide number, phosphorus and β-carotene levels decreased significantly. The fatty acid composition of RFO was dominated by unsaturated fatty acids (± 75%), which increases through degumming and neutralization stages. β-carotene is more sensitive than α-tocopherol during refining process of crude oil, but in general, this process can improve the RFO quality.

scholarly journals Effects of selected agronomical factors on the content of health-promoting compounds in spaghetti squash (Cucurbita pepo L. subsp. pepo)

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Wanda Wadas ◽  
Halina Mioduszewska ◽  
Krzysztof Kalinowski
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Β Carotene

Effects of selected agronomical factors on the content of health-promoting compounds in spaghetti squash (Cucurbita pepoL. subsp.pepo)The study examined the effects of the sowing date (5, 15 and 25 May) and plant spacing (1 × 0.6 m, 1 × 0.8 m and 1 × 1 m) on the content of carotenoids and L-ascorbic acid in the fruits of two cultivars of spaghetti squash (‘Makaronowa Warszawska' and ‘Pyza’). The field experiment was carried out in central-eastern Poland. Fully mature spaghetti squash fruits were harvested from the beginning of September to the beginning of October. The content of total carotenoids and β-carotene was the greatest in the fruits of plants sown on 15 May. The sowing date did not affect the content of L-ascorbic acid. Increasing the plant spacing from 1 × 0.6 m to 1 × 1 m resulted in an increase of total carotenoid content, particularly for the spaghetti squash sown on 25 May. Plant spacing did not have a significant effect on the content of β-carotene and L-ascorbic acid. Fruits of the ‘Makaronowa Warszawska’ with light orange flesh contained more total carotenoids and β-carotene than fruits of the ‘Pyza’ with cream-coloured flesh. The content of L-ascorbic acid in the fruits of both cultivars did not differ significantly.

Carotenoid and fatty acid profiles of bilberries and cultivated blueberries from Romania

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bunea ◽  
Dumitriţa Rugină ◽  
Adela Pintea ◽  
Sanda Andrei ◽  
Claudiu Bunea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Flame Ionisation ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractThe worldwide consumption of blueberries has increased due to their potential health effects. They contain micronutrients, various phytochemicals and anti-oxidant pigments, represented especially by anthocyanins. In addition to these, carotenoids and fatty acids are also present. The aim of this study was the identification and quantification of carotenoids (by HPLC) and fatty acids (by GC with flame ionisation detection) in two bilberry genotypes (Wild 1 and 2) and three cultivars (BlueCrop, Elliot, and Duke). The main carotenoids identified were lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, and β-carotene, with the average total carotenoid content of 266 μg per 100 g of fruit. The ratio of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was 0.098 for Wild 1 and 0.11 for Wild 2 genotypes and ranged from 0.14 to 0.28 for cultivars. The main fatty acids identified were linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3) acids in all the samples analysed. In Vaccinium myrtillus the amount of carotenoids and fatty acids was higher than in Vaccinium corymbosum species.

scholarly journals Composition of fatty acids and tocopherols in peels, seeds and leaves of Sea buckthorn

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Burčová ◽  
František Kreps ◽  
Štefan Schmidt ◽  
Michal Jablonský ◽  
Aleš Ház ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Gamma Tocopherol ◽  
Tocopherol Composition

Abstract Peels, seeds and leaves of the Sea buckthorn were extracted by methanol and chloroform and characterized in terms of the fatty acids (FA) and tocopherol composition. All morphological parts of Sea buckthorn contained these biologically active compounds useful in medicine, pharmacology, human nutrition and cosmetics. The highest amount of α-tocopherol was found in peels (1103 mg kg-1). The lowest content of α-tocopherol was found in leaves (659 mg kg-1). Delta-tocopherol was found in higher amount in peels 1757 mg kg-1. Seeds contained 95 mg kg-1 of delta-tocopherols. Gamma-tocopherol was found in seeds (459 mg kg-1), peels (188 mg kg-1) and in leaves (587 mg kg-1). β-tocopherol was present only in seeds (171 mg kg-1). Unsaturated fatty acids were dominant in all morphological parts of Sea buckthorn. The highest amounts of unsaturated fatty acids (92 rel. %) were determined in seeds. Dominant fatty acids of seeds were linoleic acid (37 %), α-linolenic acid (30 %) and vaccenic acid (20 %). Leaves were rich in α-linolenic acid (51 %). Dominant fatty acids of peels were oleic acid (16 %), palmitic acid (33 %) and palmitoleic acid (29 %).

Możliwości wykorzystania w kosmetologii wybranych olejów roślinnych jako źródła karotenoidów

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Michalak ◽  
Katarzyna Paradowska ◽  
Agnieszka Zielińska
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Pumpkin Seed ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Sea Buckthorn Oil ◽  
Β Carotene

Introduction. Plant oils, due to the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have a positive effect on the condition of the skin, are widely used in cosmetology. Some of them are also used as a rich source of carotenoids, plant dyes, which enjoy unmatched interest of cosmetics manufacturers because of their properties (color, physiological activity). Aim. The aim of the study was to compare the total carotenoid content, including β-carotene, in selected plant oils applied in cosmetology. Material and methods. The carotenoid content in sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.), marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) and pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) was determined by UV/VIS spectrophotometry and HPLC methods. Results. The tested plant oils have a different content of plant dyes. In terms of total carotenoid content, including β-carotene, they can be arranged as follows: sea buckthorn oil > carrot oil > marigold oil > pumpkin seed oil. Conclusions. The results of this study show that the tested plant oils, especially sea buckthorn oil, can be used in cosmetic formulations as a source of carotenoids, including β-carotene.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MEDICINAL PLANT ELAEAGNUS RHAMNOIDES GROWING AT SOUTH-EAST OF KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (36) ◽  
pp. 334-345
Author(s):  
Mereke KASSIMBEKOVA ◽  
Anar KALIYEVA ◽  
Bekbossyn KASSYMBAYEV ◽  
Galiya MEDEUOVA ◽  
Nurgul MAMYTOVA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Fatty Oil ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Pectin Substances

Elaeagnus rhamnoides berries contain significant amounts of bioactive vitamins, lipids, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. They are widely used as an ingredient in functional products, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical formulations to prevent and treat cardiovascular, stomach, skin, and liver diseases. Natural sea buckthorn populations are widespread in Kazakhstan. Data on phytochemical and diagnostic indicators are absent for E. rhamnoides growing in Kazakhstan. In this work, seaberry from Kazakhstan was surveyed for diagnostic indicators, lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds. Analyses were conducted for main diagnostic indicators of leaves and fruits by standard microtechniques; fatty acid profiles by gas-chromatography; β-carotene by HPLCPDA; vitamin C and B by capillary electrophoresis, and pectin substances by titration. The main diagnostic indicators of leaves were stomatal anomocytic complex; corymbose and stellate hairs; conductive bundle - closed collateral; fruits - secretory passages and conducting bundles of a spiral type in the pulp parenchyma, and a large amount of fatty oil and aleuron grains in the embryo. In the oil from berry pulp/peel, the dominating fatty acids were palmitoleic and palmitic (28.53 and 30.03 %, respectively). Sea buckthorn seed oil, with its high a-linolenic levels and a near 1:1 ratio of ω-6:ω-3 fatty acids, represented a very balanced source of polyunsaturated fatty acids for human health and nutrition. β-Carotene content was 7.75 mg per kg, pectin substances – 3.27 %. In addition, the berries were rich in vitamins B complex (0.0035-0.014 mg/100g) and vitamin C (0.21 mg/100g). This work constitutes the first approach on knowledge about the phytochemical profile of Elaeagnus rhamnoides fruits from Kazakhstan and provides arguments multiple using of E. rhamnoides, both for fresh consumption and for industrial preparations in the form of jams and related products (functional multivitamin food) as well as byproducts (seeds) as raw materials for the production of oils suitable to be marketed by the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries.

scholarly journals Thermal Effect, Diffusion, and Leaching of Health-Promoting Phytochemicals in Commercial Canning Process of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) and Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.)

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Palitha C. Arampath ◽  
Matthijs Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Trolox Equivalent ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Canned Fruit ◽  
Β Carotene

The effect of thermal processing on health-promoting phytochemicals was investigated in relation to the canning of mango and pineapple. The cans were retorted at four different temperatures for varying amounts of time. Vitamin C, β-carotene, polyphenols, flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity in canned fruit pieces and sugar syrup were determined. The diffusion and leaching of phytochemicals were determined through mathematical modelling. Retention of vitamin C in canned pineapple pieces was higher than in canned mango pieces. Thermal treatment had an effect of rapidly reducing leached vitamin C. The activation energy required for the degradation of vitamin C and β-carotene in mango was higher than that required in pineapple. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values at 130 °C (40 min) were 3.1 and 1.9 μmol Trolox/g FW in mango pieces and syrups, respectively, indicating that antioxidant leaching had occurred. The degradation constants of the phytochemicals studied were comparable but were slightly higher in pineapple than in mango. The investigated health-promoting phytochemicals in canned products were present in substantially lower concentrations than in fresh mango and pineapple.

scholarly journals Antarctic Thraustochytrids as Sources of Carotenoids and High-Value Fatty Acids

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Allison Leyton ◽  
Liset Flores ◽  
Carolina Shene ◽  
Yusuf Chisti ◽  
Giovanni Larama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mevalonate Pathway ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Commercial Feeds ◽  
Carotenoid Profile ◽  
Β Carotene

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and carotenoids are needed as human dietary supplements and are essential components in commercial feeds for the production of aquacultured seafood. Microorganisms such as thraustochytrids are potential natural sources of these compounds. This research reports on the lipid and carotenoid production capacity of thraustochytrids that were isolated from coastal waters of Antarctica. Of the 22 isolates, 21 produced lipids containing EPA+DHA, and the amount of these fatty acids exceeded 20% of the total fatty acids in 12 isolates. Ten isolates were shown to produce carotenoids (27.4–63.9 μg/g dry biomass). The isolate RT2316-16, identified as Thraustochytrium sp., was the best producer of biomass (7.2 g/L in five days) rich in carotenoids (63.9 μg/g) and, therefore, became the focus of this investigation. The main carotenoids in RT2316-16 were β-carotene and canthaxanthin. The content of EPA+DHA in the total lipids (34 ± 3% w/w in dry biomass) depended on the stage of growth of RT2316-16. Lipid and carotenoid content of the biomass and its concentration could be enhanced by modifying the composition of the culture medium. The estimated genome size of RT2316-16 was 44 Mb. Of the 5656 genes predicted from the genome, 4559 were annotated. These included genes of most of the enzymes in the elongation and desaturation pathway of synthesis of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Carotenoid precursors in RT2316-16 were synthesized through the mevalonate pathway. A β-carotene synthase gene, with a different domain organization compared to the gene in other thraustochytrids, explained the carotenoid profile of RT2316-16.

scholarly journals A non-canonical Δ9-desaturase synthesizing palmitoleic acid identified in the thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. T66

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E-Ming Rau ◽  
Inga Marie Aasen ◽  
Helga Ertesvåg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gene Annotation ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Strain Engineering ◽  
Δ9 Desaturase ◽  
Δ12 Desaturase

Abstract Thraustochytrids are oleaginous marine eukaryotic microbes currently used to produce the essential omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3). To improve the production of this essential fatty acid by strain engineering, it is important to deeply understand how thraustochytrids synthesize fatty acids. While DHA is synthesized by a dedicated enzyme complex, other fatty acids are probably synthesized by the fatty acid synthase, followed by desaturases and elongases. Which unsaturated fatty acids are produced differs between different thraustochytrid genera and species; for example, Aurantiochytrium sp. T66, but not Aurantiochytrium limacinum SR21, synthesizes palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) and vaccenic acid (C18:1 n-7). How strain T66 can produce these fatty acids has not been known, because BLAST analyses suggest that strain T66 does not encode any Δ9-desaturase-like enzyme. However, it does encode one Δ12-desaturase-like enzyme. In this study, the latter enzyme was expressed in A. limacinum SR21, and both C16:1 n-7 and C18:1 n-7 could be detected in the transgenic cells. Our results show that this desaturase, annotated T66Des9, is a Δ9-desaturase accepting C16:0 as a substrate. Phylogenetic studies indicate that the corresponding gene probably has evolved from a Δ12-desaturase-encoding gene. This possibility has not been reported earlier and is important to consider when one tries to deduce the potential a given organism has for producing unsaturated fatty acids based on its genome sequence alone. Key points • In thraustochytrids, automatic gene annotation does not always explain the fatty acids produced. • T66Des9 is shown to synthesize palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7). • T66des9 has probably evolved from Δ12-desaturase-encoding genes.

scholarly journals Health-Promoting Properties of the Wild-Harvested Meat of Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2108
Author(s):  
Anna Milczarek ◽  
Alina Janocha ◽  
Grażyna Niedziałek ◽  
Michalina Zowczak-Romanowicz ◽  
Elżbieta Horoszewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Health Promoting

The present studies aimed to analyse and assess the health-promoting properties of the musculus semimembranosus (MS) of roe and red deer harvested in the wild. The experimental materials comprising the carcasses of roe deer (15 does and 15 bucks) and red deer (15 hinds and 15 stags) were selected for analysis based on the following criteria: age of animals at harvest—3–4 years; time that passed from the harvest of animals to carcass cutting—48–54 h. After chilling the carcasses for 24 h at +2 °C, the haunches were cut from the carcasses and transported to the laboratory in isothermal ice-packed containers. Samples of the musculus semimembranosus were analysed to determine the chemical composition (proximate components, energy value, Fe, Pb, Cd, fatty acids). More (p ≤ 0.05) dry matter and total protein and less (p ≤ 0.05) crude fat was found in the musculus semimembranosus of roe deer in comparison to red deer. No significant influence of the animal’s sex was observed in the content of the evaluated nutrients, apart from crude fat content, which was increased in the haunch of females from both species. The energy content in the muscle of roe deer was 10% higher than the energy value of MS in red deer (p ≤ 0.05). The content of iron was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher (6.64 mg/kg) in the meat of red deer compared to the meat of roe deer (31.68 mg/kg). Roe deer haunch contained more lead but less cadmium than red deer haunch. Irrespective of sex, the lipid fraction of red deer muscle contained more saturated fatty acids (SFA). Intramuscular fat (IMF) in roe deer meat contained a higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity (TI) index values were significantly lower in roe deer haunch, and the hypocholesterolaemic-to-hypercholesterolaemic fatty acids ratio (HH) was lower (p ≤ 0.05) in red deer meat. To sum up, the evaluated roe deer and red deer haunch featured high dietary value as it contained a high protein and low fat content and had an advantageous fatty acids composition. As regards the content of cadmium and lead, roe deer and red deer haunch can be considered safe for consumers.

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