Influence of Carbon Agglomerate Formation on Micropollutants Removal in Combined PAC-Membrane Filtration Processes for Advanced Wastewater Treatment

Micropollutants (MPs) are ubiquitous in wastewater and are not effectively removed by the existing conventional treatment processes, resulting in increased environmental pollution. Nowadays, dosing of powdered activated carbon (PAC) prior to membrane filtration has emerged as an advanced wastewater treatment method for MPs removal. This study investigated the carbon agglomerate formation in the PAC stock suspension and its influence on MPs removal in PAC-capillary membrane filtration processes at both lab- and pilot-scale levels. Both lab- and pilot-scale membrane filtration results revealed that MPs removal efficiency is affected with the increase of PAC concentration in the stock suspension. For example, one of the investigated pilot tests showed a significantly reduced removal of good adsorbable MPs (from 57 to 17%) when stock suspension concentration was increased from 0.2 to 20 g/L. It is assumed that PAC agglomerates led to a slower adsorption kinetic and an inhomogeneous distribution of PAC in the membrane system. Maintaining PAC concentration in the stock suspension as low as possible (below 0.2 g/L for investigated PAC) certainly would help to avoid agglomeration problems and enhance the overall performance of the processes.

Analisis Reaksi Investor Sebelum Pengumuman dan Setelah Pencabutan Suspensi Saham

The purpose of this research is to analyze descriptively qualitatively to test whether the abnormal return, trading Volume activity and Bid-Aks spread have a positive or negative value before the announcement suspension and after unsuspension. After that, testing with a different test (paired sample t-test). This research is an event study, using an estimated period of 5 days before the announcement of the suspension, and 5 days after the withdrawal of the suspension (unsuspension), within the period of observation in the year 2019. The sample in this study was 75 companies that announced the stock suspension. as well as announcing stock unsuspension in 2019. The results of this study show that the average abnormal return, trading Volume activity and Bid-Aks spread show a positive value both before the announcement of the stock suspension and after the stock unsuspension. Meanwhile, for the different test results (paired sample t-test), there is a significant difference before the announcement of stock suspension and after stock unsuspension for the abnormal return variable and the Bid-Aks spread, while the trading Volume activity must be excluded from the study because SPSS did not include it so the exclude variable category. Abstrak Riset ini bertujuan menganalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif apakah abnormal return, Trading Volume activity dan Bid-Aks spread memiliki nilai positif atau negatif pada saat sebelum pengumunan dan setelah pencabutan suspensi saham. Pengujian berikutnya adalah dengan melakukan uji beda berpasangan (paired sample t-test). Periode penelitian ini adalah 5 hari sebelum pengumuman suspensi saham, dan 5 hari setelah penarikan suspensi saham (unsuspensi), dalam rentang waktu pengamatan dari selama tahun 2019. Sebanyak 75 perusahaan yang mengumumkan suspensi dan unsuspensi saham selama tahun 2019. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata Abnormal Return, Trading Volume Activity dan Bid-Aks Spread menunjukkan nilai yang positif baik sebelum pengumuman suspensi saham, maupun setelah unsuspensi saham. Sementara untuk hasil uji bedanya, beda yang cukup nyata sebelum pengumuman suspensi saham dan setelah unsuspensi saham untuk variabel Abnormal Return dan Bid-Aks Spread, sementara untuk variabel Trading Volume Activity dikeluarkan dari penelitian karena di SPSS termasuk kedalam kategori exclude variable.

PENERAPAN PERATURAN PENGHENTIAN SEMENTARA PERDAGANGAN SAHAM (SUSPENSI) OLEH BURSA EFEK INDONESIA KAITANNYA TERHADAP PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM INVESTOR

<p>Abstract<br />This artickle Aims to analyzed the legal protection that could be provided by Indonesian Stock Exhanges <br />(IDX) and Financial Fervices Authorityo(OJK) towards investors of trading halt stock (suspension) roles <br />by the IDX which not specify the maximum duration of the sanction given to the issuer . This research is a <br />type of normative legal research that is prescriptive and applied. This study uses primary legal materials <br />in the form of regulations and related legislation and secondary legal materials in the form of official legal <br />documents. The research approach uses conceptual approach, statute approach, and case approach. <br />Based on the results of the study, investors have a greater risk of stock suspension through the condition of <br />issuers that can not maximize income and management of the company, so that investors can not receive <br />dividends and capital gains from the company within a few years. Thus, investors may be granted protection <br />in the presence of regulations that provide preventive legal protection through disclosure of information <br />either through prospectus, annual report, interim financial report, incidental report, and public expose, <br />as well as articles in Capital Market Law about disclosure, and repressive legal protection is investors <br />can give complaints to OJK. regarding the company’s negligence in the management of the company in <br />applying the principles of good corporate governance so that OJK may consider giving compensation, <br />then the form of protection from the IDX itself is to set ‘delisting’ to issuers who get suspension sanction <br />for years, so it might has a possibility to the returning of investor funds by using the mechanism of share <br />buy back by issuers as a form of legal protection to investors<br />Keywords: Legal Protection ; Suspension ; Investors;</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum investor yang dapat diberikan dari Bursa <br />Efek Indonesia (BEI) dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) terhadap peraturan penghentian sementara <br />perdagangan saham (suspensi) oleh BEI yang tidak menentukan jangka waktu maksimum sanksi yang <br />diberikan kepada emiten. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat preskriptif <br />dan terapan. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan hukum primer berupa regulasi dan legislasi terkait dan <br />bahan hukum sekunder dalam bentuk dokumen hukum resmi. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan <br />pendekatan konseptual, pendekatan perundang-undangan, dan pendekatan kasus. Berdasarkan hasil <br />penelitian, investor memiliki risiko lebih besar terhadap suspensi saham yang terjadi akibat dari kondisi <br />emiten yang tidak dapat maksimal pendapatan dan manajemen perusahaan, sehingga investor tidak <br />dapat menerima dividen dan capital gain dalam perusahaan dalam beberapa tahun. Dengan demikian, <br />investor dapat diberikan perlindungan dengan adanya peraturan yang memberikan perlindungan hukum <br />preventif melalui keterbukaan informasi secara berkala baik melalui prospektus, laporan tahunan, <br />laporan keuangan interim, laporan insidentil, dan paparan publik, serta pasal-pasal yang terdapat <br />dalam Undang-undang pasar modal mengenai keterbukaan, dan perlindungan hukum represif, yaitu <br />investor dapat memberikan pengaduan kepada OJK. mengenai kelalaian perusahaan dalam manajemen <br />perusahaan dalam menerapkan prinsip-prinsip tata kelola perusahaan yang baik sehingga OJK dapat <br />mempertimbangkan untuk memberikan ganti rugi, kemudian bentuk perlindungan dari BEI sendiri adalah <br />untuk menetapkan ‘delisting’ kepada emiten yang mendapatkan sanksi suspensi selama bertahun-tahun, <br />sehingga potensi kembalinya dana investor dapat terjadi dengan menggunakan mekanisme pembelian <br />saham kembali oleh emiten sebagai bentuk perlindungan hukum kepada investor<br />Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Suspensi, Investor.</p>

Accessing the China A-Shares Market via Minimum-Variance Investing

As the China A-shares market is receiving more attention from international investors because of its expanding market size and improved access, means of accessing the market have become an important topic. The authors suggest the use of minimum variance investing as an alternative to the traditional market cap approach for accessing the China A-shares market. Their portfolio construction method takes into account the stock suspension features of the China A-shares market, and the simulated results show that China A-shares minimum variance investing is capable of achieving volatility reduction. The study also observes return enhancement from the minimum variance strategies for the 2007–2017 period. The authors compare minimum variance investing in different markets and find that the volatility reduction in the China A-shares market is lower compared with other major equity markets despite its superior historical return. This can be attributed to its smaller ex ante volatility reduction and forecastability of the ex post volatility. The authors investigate two methods of applying factor exposure control of the minimum variance portfolio. The results show that a value and quality factor overlay does not affect the volatility reduction capability and helps to enhance the return of the China A-shares minimum variance portfolio through the capture of factor risk premium.

Red Shift for CdTe Nanoparticle Thin Films and Suspensions During Heating

The work that we have conducted shows that temperature affects the wavelength of light emitted from CdTe nanoparticle clusters that are in a suspension or deposited into thin films via a layer-by-layer process. Compared with the stock suspension, the films show an initial photoluminescent shift, of circa 6–8 nm to the red, when the particles are deposited. A shift of circa 6–8 nm is also seen when the suspensions are first heated to 85 °C from room temperature (20 °C) having been stored in a fridge at 5 °C. This shift is non-recoverable. With continual cycling from room temperature to 85 °C the suspensions show a slight tendency for the emission to move increasingly to the red; whereas the films show no such tendency. In both cases, the range in emission is ca 10 nm from the room temperature state to 80 °C. The intensity of the emission from the film drops abruptly (ca 50% reduction) after one cycle of heating; in the suspension there is an initial increase (ca 3–5% increase) in intensity before it decays. We see that the shift towards the red has been attributed to energy transfer or a rearrangement of the packing of the particles in the thin films. After conducting analysis of the films using scanning probe microscopy we have determined that a change in the morphology is responsible for the permanent shift in emission wavelength associated with prolonged heating. The influence of traps has not been ruled out, but the morphological change in the samples is very large and is likely to be the dominating mechanism affecting change for the red shift at room temperature.

Improving Roll Stability of Vehicles With High Center of Gravity by Using Magneto-Rheological Dampers

The performance of a new semiactive control method for improving roll stability of sport utility vehicles (SUVs) is discussed, using a series of road tests. The new method augments the conventional skyhook control for semiactive suspensions with steering input, in order to account for the suspension requirements during a lateral maneuver. After discussing the formulation for the steering input augmented (SIA) skyhook control, the paper includes the implementation of a semiactive system with magneto-rheological (MR) dampers on a sport utility vehicle. The vehicle is used for a series of road tests that includes lane change maneuvers, with different types of suspensions. The suspensions that are tested include the stock suspension, the uncontrolled MR dampers, skyhook control, and SIA skyhook. The results of the study show that SIA skyhook can improve the suspension travel and lateral forces at the vehicle body during maneuvers, as compared to other suspensions evaluated on the vehicle.

Effect of a Mycoplasma hominis-Like Mycoplasma on the Infection of HEp-2 Cells by the TW-183 Strain of Chlamydia pneumoniae

We isolated a Mycoplasma hominis-like mycoplasma from a stock culture of Chlamydia pneumoniae TW-183 obtained from the American Type Culture Collection and eradicated the contaminant by treating the stock suspension with a nonionic detergent, Igepal CA-630. The M. hominis-like mycoplasma neither inhibits nor enhances the infectivity of C. pneumoniae for HEp-2 cells.

Effect of calcium on endospore ultrastructure

Clostridium sporogenes has been designated as a test species for the closely related but pathogenic Cl. perfringens. Cl. sporogenes possess a unique morphology. High resolution EM has not been applied and little is known about its calcium distribution, thus this study presents a morphological evaluation as well as data on calcium localization, which is considered important for endospore resistance.Cl. Sporogenes was grown on cooked meat/media. Sporulation was monitered using the malachite green method. After maximum sporulation the spores were harvested in deionized distilled water, heated for 20 minutes at 80°C to kill any remaining vegetative cells, washed 3 times with sterile deionized water and the stock suspension was stored at 2-8°C until needed. Aliquots of the spores were placed momentarily in warm agar prior to fixation then fixed in 3% gluteraldehyde (GCHO) in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer pH 7.4 to which Ca was deleted or with 1% CaCl.

Evaluation of Filter Coefficients λ and σ for Iron Removal by Rapid Sand Filtration

Studies wore conducted on a sand bed filter using stock suspension of iron sulfate. By measuring precisely the amount of iron oxide deposited in each layer of sand the coefficients of filter, namely the impediment modulus λ and the specific deposit coefficient σ, are evaluated. Also the phenomenon of “breakthrough” has been explained. From the results obtained it is found that an exponential equation of second degree can adequately describe the process of iron removal by rapid sand filtration.

Isoenzymes in cell cultures of bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Contender): isoenzymatic differences between stock suspension cultures derived from a single seedling

Electrophoretic analyses of isoenzyme patterns were performed with extracts of root, hypocotyl, and cotyledon suspension cultures derived from a single seedling. The enzymes studied included malate, glutamate, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases; peroxidase; polyphenol oxidase; esterase; acid phosphatase; and leucine amino peptidase. Peroxidase isoenzymes were also detected in the media. The isoenzymatic patterns of the three cultures were different for some enzymes, similar for others, and identical for the rest. The isoenzymatic patterns were recorded on a number of occasions over a period of 3 years and they remained relatively unchanged.