Translation of al-Quran into Malay Language in the Malay World

The spread of Islam in the Malay Archipelago (henceforth Nusantara) contributed to the activity of al -Quran translation in Malay civilisation. The society started to learn about Islam and the syariah that encouraged them to be close to al-Quran and translate it into the local language. Al-Quran was translated into Malay language in many ways. This study is a study of text aimed at identifying the translated works of al-Quran in Malay language beginning from the 17th century to the 20th century and to investigate its design and chronology. This qualitative study takes a descriptive approach and inculcates the historical method involving heuristics, critique of sources, interpretation and historiography in data collection and data analysis. The research findings show that 21 al-Quran translations into Malay language have been produced since the 17th century in Nusantara. Most of the al-Quran translated works were approached by interpretive translation rather than literal translation. The design of al-Quran translation into Malay language had developed in line with the times, beginning with classical Malay language using the jawi (Arabic) script, until the modern Malay language using romanised script. The concise translation style was seen to dominate the layout of al-Quran translations into Malay language. The al-Quran translation activity was not without controversy, until it led to several works being banned from publication. The rapid translation activity shows the enthusiastic efforts by society in Nusantara in transferring religious knowledge into guidance for daily life.

Prophetic Sira and the Construction of Indonesian Islam

Indonesian Islam has gone through a long journey in its history since the first advent up to the present day. In this course, one should note that the process of Islamization was formed under a set of historical and cultural complexity. Among those, the role of Islamic preaching is the most important. Under this canopy, the process of transmission and transformation took the first place as the main force. As the Qur’an and Sunna are the major sources for all Muslims around the world. Both had also become the main streams in Islamicization. Seerat-e-nabi, beside the Qur’an, in this case has a place of honor. It became one of the major sources of all Islamic heritages in Indonesia. The prophet Muhammad PBUH (peace be upon him) was immersed within the Indonesian Islamic traditions in various fields and spheres. It is fair to say that the story of the islamicization of the Indonesian archipelago and the face of Indonesian Islam today is culturally formed by the determination of seerat-e-nabi, besides the Qur’anic scripture. In the other words, the birth and the face of Islam really depend on how its adherents interpret and take a cultural reception on the seerat-e-nabi. This paper tries to capture the prophetic heritage in Indonesian Islam in twofold analysis; transmission and transformation. The former tries to explore how the heritage of seerat-e-nabi flowed into the scene of Indonesian moslem life through various modes of transmission up to the present day. The latter aims at how the seerat-e-nabi became the force and inspiration for the various receptions of institutional matters.   Â

Fazlur Rahman's Double Movement and It's Contribution to the Development of Religious Moderation

The essential consideration is whether hermeneutics as an alternative approach can provide a dialogue between the texts and reality. This is library research, in which the data sources obtained through various written works, both in the form of books and journals. The study is descriptive qualitative that provides a clear picture and systematic about the methodology of Islamic legal thought Fazlur Rahman understandings. To synchronize his background with interpretations, then used a normative theological approach, namely an approach that emphasizes form religious symbols originating from the Quran and sunnah text. The double movement hermeneutic theory is his effort in dialoguing between text and context. He appreciates history and adapts developments in every space and time. He tried to do a two-way movement. First, moving from the context of reality to the historical context of texts. Second, moving from the context of historical facts to the context of contemporary reality. Errors in interpreting text often occur due to the separation between the text from its context. In these circumstances, the double movement theory finds its relevance in making the Quran capable of dialogue with every dynamic that occurs. In this way, the text is always alive and as if it was revealed at this time. It contributes to the development of a paradigm of religious moderation. The double movement has strong historical roots in the science of the Quran, including asbab al-nuzul, makkiyah-madaniyah, and nasikh-mansukh.

Reinterpreting the Indonesia’s Relations with the Middle East towards the Era of Society 5.0

This paper aimed at opening up opportunities to look for new meanings in Indonesia's relations with Middle Eastern countries, which are no longer a binary opposition, such as good and black and white, but are searching for colors and other positive meanings. Many people interpret an entity solely on the basis of a frozen meaning, a static meaning, and seem monotonous. Deconstruction seeks to offer a new meaning through re-actualization, redefinition, and/or re-interpretation. In general, this paper discusses the "new meaning" of Indonesia's relations with the Middle East. This paper argues that to welcome Society 5.0 through Humanism, both Indonesia and the Middle East share the same opportunity to advance humanism aspects that would be applicable to that era. Humanism which is being developed must be controlled by three things: anthropocentric, echocentric and theocentric. We need human beings' intelligent role in a society that chooses and sorts super intelligent technology to share common virtues. Hopefully, in the meantime the Society 5.0 era will bring much help for the Indonesia's cooperation with the Middle Eastern countries for a better future of both.

Ethical Dimension of Maqasid al-Shari’ah and its Implication to Development

The prescriptions of Shari’ah are aimed at protecting six critical areas of human needs namely; life, religion, mental health, offspring, property, and dignity. Maqasid al-Shari’ah were earlier treated as an aspect of Maslahah Mursalah (public utility). They were treated as separate principles aiding the understanding of the wisdoms and intents of the texts. Transformation in the pattern of life of modern societies caused expansion in the scope of Maqasid. In modern times, Maqasid include aspects of material development that feature in Human Development Index. This paper employed theoretical method and analyzed the ethics embodied in the objectives of Shari’ah. The aim is to find out how the ethics shape human conduct and facilitate non-material aspects of human capital development. Its findings are that, the objectives of Shari’ah on the protection of religion, life, and mind can refine conduct, inspire morality, develop and secure the mind. Thus, the ethics imbued in Shari’ah instructions transform individuals into worthy citizens, shape their life and conduct, and make them productive and sensitive about the well-being of fellow human beings. These changes in human conducts by means of Shari’ah-inspired ethical transformation are a form of non-material aspects of human capital development.

Innovations in the Management of Zakat in Indonesia in Increasing Entrepreneurial Interest and Poverty Reduction

The purpose of this study is to propose the management of BAZNAS which could become one of the role models of digital zakat because it is quite successful in managing zakat and the use of digital technology to create the interests of the people. Literature studies are used to reveal the use of digital technology in BAZNAS and how to develop digital entrepreneurship in the future. Findings from the results of the study revealed that the BAZNAS digital zakat program can reduce poverty due to empowering mustahik through digital entrepreneurship and digital technology innovation in the form of rice atm. Other digital technology implementations are digitizing zakat payments, application-based digital information technology services for muzzaki, and blockchain (i-zakat) in managing digital zakat. For the development of digital entrepreneurship, the role of government, universities, and BAZNAS must be able to work well together. The BAZNAS Model digital zakat program can be a useful reference for global zakat managers in improving digital entrepreneurial practices and zakat distribution innovation. The implications of this research are the results of observations on the practice of using BAZNAS digital zakat technology in the management of zakat based on a theoretical basis using an Islamic economic approach.

An Analysis of the Causes of Divorce among Muslims in Mombasa County in the Sharia Law Perspective

Divorce is the most hateful action permitted in the Islamic law, Islam puts some measures to ensure that separation of two spouses won’t occur; but in some occasions, dissolution will become a necessity; because two parties cannot live together in an atmosphere of hatred and disaffection. Recently, cases pertaining to the dissolution have been increasing rapidly among Muslim society in Mombasa County. The study seeks to explore issues causing marriage dissolution. These are: poverty and unemployment, seeking job overseas, psychological problems, drug addiction, Interference of family, early and forced marriage, cultural issues, and domestic violence. The aim of this paper is to come up with a solution based on Islamic law. Questionnaire and Open-ended questions were used involving divorcees as respondents. Addition to that, the researcher reviewed references and studied dissertations relating to divorce. Therefore, the research recommends a systematic process of educating the Muslim communities on the true Islamic concept of divorce.

Demographic Structure of the 18th Century Ottoman Rule in the Balkans: A Study of Judicial Records (Qādī Sijil) in Manastir

Based on archival materials left by the Ottomans, it has become incumbent upon the Ottoman or Balkan historian to investigate and analyze as objectively as possible the history of Ottoman rule in this region. Among all the documents contained in the Ottoman archives those of the judicial records (Shari’ah or Qadi Sijils) are considered to be the most important. In them we have both a reliable objective source and a chronology of history with regard to the Balkans and other regions. These records were not merely compilations of bureaucratic, administrative and verbose data relating only to judicial, social, architectural, economic, and agricultural undertones. These facts are already explicitly stated in the Sijils themselves. It is, however, implicit facts which are of great importance and which are of enormous historical significance. Demographic structure is among the most complicated and disputed issue among the historians of religion and social sciences. Taking into consideration the objective data found in the Shari’ah Sijils, particularly to those pertaining to the most important district of the Ottomans in the Balkans namely Manastir (today Bitola), the subject of demography will be analyzed as objectively as possible. In addition, in this article, both explicit and implicit facts will be studied.

The Relationship Between Capital Structure and Performance in Islamic Rural Bank (BPRS): Evidence Indonesia

The capital structure is important for financial institutions including Sharia Rural Bank (BPRS). However, BPRS has a problem that is the limited capital owned so that it affects performance. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship capital structure and performance of the Islamic Rural Banks (BPRS) in Indonesia. The study using panel data regression to measure the capital structure on performance. The research sample used 164 BPRS that operate in 33 provinces from 2010 until 2017. The results show that capital structure affects DER (debt to equity ratio) and DAR (debt to asset ratio), but negatively affects ETA (equity to total Asset ratio). These findings indicate that there is an increase in the capital structure of the performance of the BPRS in Indonesia. Hence, bank managers must reach a trade-off between the advantages and disadvantages of creating liquidity, and consider the negative relationship between liquidity creation and bank performance when making decisions.

The Typology of Religious Thought in Muhammadiyah

In the perspective of religious thought, Muhammadiyah is often seen as an ambiguous Islamic mass organization. In matters of worship, for example, Muhammadiyah is very consistent in using the Bayani approach in understanding religious texts, but to determine the beginning of the lunar month associated with a time of worship, Muhammadiyah tends to use the Burhani approach. As a consequence, Muhammadiyah is often considered conservative, but at the same time also considered liberal. This perception does not arise if the methodology of religious thought in Muhammadiyah is comprehensively understood. Therefore, this study assessed the typological thinking in Muhammadiyah. A qualitative method was used for describing the characteristics of an individual, circumstances, symptoms, or certain groups based on the phenomenon of the problem reviewed in a comprehensive and depth way. There are three typologies of religious thought in Muhammadiyah, namely conservative typology, liberal typology, and moderate typology.