Swertia spp.: A Potential Source of High-Value Bioactive Components, Pharmacology, and Analytical Techniques

AbstractEndophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants are a potential source of novel chemistry and biology. Metabolomic tools were successfully employed to compare the metabolite fingerprints of solid and liquid culture extracts of endophyte Curvularia sp. isolated from the leaves of Terminalia laxiflora. Natural product databases were used to dereplicate metabolites in order to determine known compounds and the presence of new natural products. Multivariate analysis highlighted the putative metabolites responsible for the bioactivity of the fungal extract and its fractions on NF-κB and the myelogenous leukemia cell line K562. Metabolomic tools and dereplication studies using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry directed the fractionation and isolation of the bioactive components from the fungal extracts. This resulted in the isolation of N-acetylphenylalanine (1) and two linear peptide congeners of 1: dipeptide N-acetylphenylalanyl-L-phenylalanine (2) and tripeptide N-acetylphenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine (3).

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Recent advances in utilization of flaxseed as potential source for value addition

OCL ◽

10.1051/ocl/2018018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. A304 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Parvinder Kaur ◽

Roji Waghmare ◽

Vikas Kumar ◽

Prasad Rasane ◽

Sawinder Kaur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Value Added ◽

Oilseed Crop ◽

Flax Seed ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽

Potential Source ◽

Coronary Diseases ◽

Review Reports ◽

Value Added Products

Flax seed (Linum usitatissimum) is an important oilseed crop which has gained importance since last few decades due to its unique nutrient profile. Flax seed comprises high amount of fiber and is a significant source of α-linolenic acid in the diet of vegetarian people. It is evident from several studies conducted that flaxseed carries functional ingredients and provide health benefits. Omega-3 fatty acid, lignan and dietary fiber are major bioactive components of flaxseed which can be delivered through value added products. Flax seed has been successfully exploited in preparation of various value added products. Commercially, all parts of flaxseed plant are exploited directly or after processing. Flaxseed consumption in the diet prevents serious diseases like coronary diseases, cancer, diabetes, obesity, gastrointestinal, renal and bone disorders. To the best of our knowledge, very limited review reports are available for commercial utilization of flaxseed in preparation of various value added products (bakery, dairy, extruded, snack, fermented and other traditional) and effect of flaxseed fortification on nutritional, physicochemical, phytochemical and sensory properties of these products. In future, this data could be useful for different food processing industries.

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Cornus mas (L.) Fruit as a Potential Source of Natural Health-Promoting Compounds: Physico-Chemical Characterisation of Bioactive Components

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s11130-018-0663-4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 89-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Marta De Biaggi ◽

Dario Donno ◽

Maria Gabriella Mellano ◽

Isidoro Riondato ◽

Ernest N. Rakotoniaina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Components ◽

Natural Health ◽

Cornus Mas ◽

Potential Source ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Health Promoting

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COLOR INTENSITY AND ANTIOXIDATIVE CAPACITY OF FOUR NATURAL MONOFLORAL HONEY FROM MALDA, INDIA

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i9.34352 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 111-115

Author(s):

SURAJIT ROY ◽

SHYAMAPADA MANDAL

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Content ◽

Color Variation ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidative Capacity ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Color Intensity ◽

Potential Source ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Total Flavonoids Content ◽

Dark Color

Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the color intensity and antioxidative capacity of mango honey available from local niches, in and around Malda, West Bengal, India. Methods: Four mango honey samples: LMH1, LMH2, LMH3, and LMH4, were collected from bee hives, in and around Malda, India, and were subjected to determine the color intensity and antioxidative capacity in 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl system. Results: The honey samples tested had light to dark color variation with color intensity values of 583.59–1842.84 mAU. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the honey samples ranged from 434.52 to 1450.74 μg gallic acid equivalents/ml, while the total flavonoids content (TFC) ranged 39.4–72.67 mg quercetin equivalents/100 g of honey. The honey samples displayed antioxidative activity (AOA) with 9.91–76% inhibition capacity, and the IC50 values of 8.37–19.38 mg/ml. The color intensity of test honeys displayed positive correlation with the TPC (r=0.907) and TFC (r=0.863), while negative correlation between honey color intensity and IC50 values (r=−0.955) was recorded. Conclusion: The locally available mango honeys were rich in bioactive components displaying excellent AOA, and thus, the native honey might be utilized as the potential source of natural antioxidant in our part of the globe.

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Natural Products in the Prevention of Metabolic Diseases: Lessons Learned from the 20th KAST Frontier Scientists Workshop

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061881 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1881

Author(s):

Seung J. Baek ◽

Bruce D. Hammock ◽

In-Koo Hwang ◽

Qingxiao Li ◽

Naima Moustaid-Moussa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Underlying Causes ◽

The University ◽

And Oxidative Stress

The incidence of metabolic and chronic diseases including cancer, obesity, inflammation-related diseases sharply increased in the 21st century. Major underlying causes for these diseases are inflammation and oxidative stress. Accordingly, natural products and their bioactive components are obvious therapeutic agents for these diseases, given their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Research in this area has been significantly expanded to include chemical identification of these compounds using advanced analytical techniques, determining their mechanism of action, food fortification and supplement development, and enhancing their bioavailability and bioactivity using nanotechnology. These timely topics were discussed at the 20th Frontier Scientists Workshop sponsored by the Korean Academy of Science and Technology, held at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 23 November 2019. Scientists from South Korea and the U.S. shared their recent research under the overarching theme of Bioactive Compounds, Nanoparticles, and Disease Prevention. This review summarizes presentations at the workshop to provide current knowledge of the role of natural products in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.

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FRESHWATER SAPROPEL: BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPONENTS AND METHODS OF EXTRACTION

Proceedings of CBU in Natural Sciences and ICT ◽

10.12955/pns.v1.119 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 37-46

Author(s):

Aneka Klavina ◽

Agris Auce ◽

Ilona Pavlovska ◽

Ivars Vanadzins

Keyword(s):

Quality Criteria ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Fulvic Acids ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Active Components ◽

Solid Liquid

Previously, sapropel has been commonly used in agriculture, cosmetology and medicine in its raw form and there has been no generally accepted method or standard for realizing sapropel extract. However, for sapropel usage in medicine, balneology and pharmacy, it is essential to develop quality criteria for raw sapropel and its extracts. This review aims at discussing and summing up different techniques for extracting bioactive compounds from sapropel as well as the possibilities of creating quality criteria. This paper covers existing analytical techniques and methodologies; currently, there are few extraction methods using several extractants for obtaining bioactive components from raw sapropel. Different freshwater sapropel types have been described and characterized. Bioactive components in sapropel have been identified and explained. Humic acids and fulvic acids have been identified as the main substances and their extraction methods have been listed. Solid-liquid, ultrasound assisted and supercritical fluid extraction methods have been pointed out as the most suitable. Additionally, analysis and storage conditions of the extracts have been discussed. There have been found to be no commonly accepted standard methods for sapropel extraction, or for the analysis and characterization of the sapropel extracts. For pharmacological applications, a common approach for the extraction process of active substances from sapropel and the analysis procedures of the extracts need to be established. This review will help equip other researchers with the latest information on this topic.

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Phytochemical profile and pharmacological properties of Trifolium repens

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Sultan Ahmad ◽

Alam Zeb

Keyword(s):

Trifolium Repens ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Pharmacological Properties ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Cyanogenic Glucosides ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Potential Source ◽

The Family ◽

Phytochemical Profile

AbstractTrifolium repens belongs to the family Leguminosae and has been used for therapeutic purposes as traditional medicine. The plant is widely used as fodder and leafy vegetables for human uses. However, there is a lack of a detailed review of its phytochemical profile and pharmacological properties. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the phytochemical profile and biological properties of T. repens. The plant is used as antioxidants and cholinesterase inhibitors and for anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, analgesic, antirheumatic ache, and antimicrobial purposes. This review has summarized the available updated useful information about the different bioactive compounds such as simple phenols, phenolic acids, flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, pterocarpans, cyanogenic glucosides, saponins, and condensed tannins present in T. repens. The pharmacological roles of these secondary metabolites present in T. repens have been presented. It has been revealed that T. repens contain important phytochemicals, which is the potential source of health-beneficial bioactive components for food and nutraceuticals industries.

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A STUDY ON PHYTOCHEMICALS, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND SYNERGISTIC ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i4.31597 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 198-201

Author(s):

SIVAN KUMAR ◽

ANNA SHEBA L

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Synergistic Activity ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Potential Source ◽

Phytochemical Constituents ◽

Diffusion Assay

Objective: The aim of the present study was to screen phytochemical constituents and evaluate antimicrobial and synergistic antimicrobial properties of leaves and stem of Hibiscus sabdariffa. Methods: The extraction was done by cold maceration method using 80% aqueous methanol. The antimicrobial efficacy and synergistic antimicrobial activity were carried out by disc diffusion assay against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrate, protein, alkaloids, phytosterols, flavonoids, and diterpenes in both the leaves and stem extracts while saponins, phenol, and tannins were found to be present only in the leaf extract. Both the extracts inhibited the tested bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration value of 10 mg/ml. Aqueous methanolic extract of leaf showed higher antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa and also exhibited synergistic activity with the antibiotic chloramphenicol against S. aureus. Conclusion: The present study concludes that H. sabdariffa is a potential source of bioactive components and also provides information on synergistic activity of leaf extract. The results can contribute to the development of potent antibacterial agents.

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The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100071107 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 132-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. E. Herfert

Keyword(s):

Surface Characterization ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Depth Of Penetration ◽

X Ray ◽

The Past ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

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Recent Applications of High Resolution Electron Microscopy to Crystalline Arrays of Virus Particles

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100070199 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 470-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R.W. Horne

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Image Processing ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Staining Technique ◽

High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽

Optical Diffraction ◽

Full Potential ◽

Virus Particles ◽

Resolution Electron ◽

Wide Range

The technique of surrounding virus particles with a neutralised electron dense stain was described at the Fourth International Congress on Electron Microscopy, Berlin 1958 (see Home & Brenner, 1960, p. 625). For many years the negative staining technique in one form or another, has been applied to a wide range of biological materials. However, the full potential of the method has only recently been explored following the development and applications of optical diffraction and computer image analytical techniques to electron micrographs (cf. De Hosier & Klug, 1968; Markham 1968; Crowther et al., 1970; Home & Markham, 1973; Klug & Berger, 1974; Crowther & Klug, 1975). These image processing procedures have allowed a more precise and quantitative approach to be made concerning the interpretation, measurement and reconstruction of repeating features in certain biological systems.

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