scholarly journals Flavonoids of the Caryophyllaceae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Jakimiuk ◽  
Michael Wink ◽  
Michał Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Ecological Context ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Flavonoid Composition ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe plant family Caryophyllaceae, commonly known as the pink family, is divided into 3 subfamilies and contains over 80 genera with more than 2600 species that are widely distributed in temperate climate zones. Plants belonging to this family produce a variety of secondary metabolites important in an ecological context; however, some of these metabolites also show health-promoting activities. The most important classes of phytochemicals include saponins, phytoecdysteroids, other sterols, flavonoids, lignans, other polyphenols, essential oils, and N-containing compounds such as vitamins, alkaloids or cyclopeptides. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that remain one of the most extensively studied constituents of the Caryophyllaceae family. Numerous structurally diverse aglycones, including flavones, flavonols, flavonones (dihydroflavones), flavonols, isoflavones, and their O- or C-glycosides, exhibit multiple interesting biological and pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-oedemic, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects. Thus, this review analysed the flavonoid composition of 26 different genera and more than 120 species of Caryophyllaceae for the first time.

The Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Rhein and Aurantio-Obtusin

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 960-968
Author(s):  
Shun-Li Xiao ◽  
Liang-Jun Guan ◽  
Ren-Feng Jiang ◽  
Xiang-Gen Wang ◽  
Xing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Pharmacological Mechanism ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
First Time

Background: Anthraquinones, rhein and aurantio-obtusin were isolated from the herb Duhaldea nervosa for the first time by our group, which were also found in plants that belong to the plant family Compositae. Anthraquinone compounds have a range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidation, anti-diabetes, etc. and can be used as a laxative, for liver protection, treatment of chronic renal failure, etc. However, in recent years, anthraquinones have been reported to be cytotoxic to the liver and kidneys. Therefore, it is very important to study the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of rhein and aurantio-obtusin, which are common ingredients in many traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). According to our research, the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of rhein and aurantio-obtusin are comprehensively summarized in the paper for the first time. Objective: The study provides comprehensive information on pharmacokinetics and metabolism of rhein and aurantio- obtusin in different Species; meanwhile, the aim of this review is also to provide a reference for a reasonable application of TCM enriched with these two ingredients. Methods: The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of rhein and aurantio-obtusin were searched by the Web of Science, PubMed, Google scholar and some Chinese literature databases. Results: Rhein and aurantio-obtusin exist mainly in the form of metabolites in the body. Rhein and aurantio-obtusin and its metabolites might be responsible for pharmacological effects in the body. Therefore, the significance of studying the in vivo metabolites of rhein and aurantio-obtusin is not only essential to clarify their pharmacological mechanism, but also to find new active compound ingredients. The metabolism of rhein is different in different species, so the toxicity effects of rhein may also be different after oral administration in different species; however, the metabolic profiles of aurantio-obtusin in the liver microsomes of different species are similar. Conclusion: This paper not only provides detail regarding the pharmacokinetics of rhein and aurantio-obtusin, but it is anticipated that it will also facilitate further study on the metabolism of rhein and aurantio-obtusin.

Colonization of a temperate-zone region by the fruit fly Drosophila simulans (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 799-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana V. Serga ◽  
Oleksandr M. Maistrenko ◽  
Andrii I. Rozhok ◽  
Timothy A. Mousseau ◽  
Iryna A. Kozeretska
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Mixed Populations ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mtdna Haplogroup ◽  
Lower Tolerance

The fruit flies Drosophila simulans Sturtevant, 1919 and Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 are sibling species that occupy similar niches. However, unlike D. simulans, D. melanogaster has spread far beyond tropical and subtropical regions deep into temperate climate zones. A number of invasion events by D. simulans into temperate climate zones have been reported; however, its ability to overwinter and establish local populations in these areas is disputed. Here, we report the wide dispersal of D. simulans in mixed populations with D. melanogaster in Ukraine. Drosophila simulans flies found in Ukraine belong to the siII mtDNA haplogroup and are infected with maternally inherited intracellular symbiotic bacteria of the genus Wolbachia Hertig, 1936 of the strain wRi. These genetic markers indicate a common origin of the Ukrainian D. simulans flies from a subgroup of the species found to invade other temperate climate areas worldwide. Here, we report for the first time detection of D. simulans flies early in the breeding season in a temperate climate area with severe winter conditions. We also report a moderate negative relationship between relative abundance of D. simulans and mean temperature in the month of sampling reflecting this species’ known lower tolerance of high temperatures.

Taxonomic review of the mirine plant bug genus Stenotus Jakovlev in Japan and adjacent regions in Asia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohide Yasunaga ◽  
Sachiko Akagi ◽  
Seidai Nagashima
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
First Time

The mirine plant bug fauna of the genus Stenotus Jakovlev in Japan, Korea, East China, and Russian Far East is reviewed. Seven species are recognized in the study area; of these, two new species are herein described, namely S. hasegawai sp.n., restricted to cool-temperate climate zones in Japan and Sakhalin, Russia and S. takaii sp.n. assumed to be endemic to Amami-Oshima Island of the Japanese Ryukyus. The Taiwanese species, S. insularis Poppius, is reported from the Ryukyus for the first time and redescribed; the other taxon, S. viridis (Shiraki), is regarded as a nomen dubium, lacking any type series. An additional new species from Nepal, S. ramduwalae sp.n., is described. A checklist of East Asia and Oriental species and a key to all known East Asian species are provided. Stenotus longiceps Poppius is transferred to Zalmunna Distant. The zoogeography of these East Asian Stenotus species is discussed.

Flavones and Their Analogues as Bioactive Compounds – An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Jayashree ◽  
H. Venkatachalam ◽  
Sanchari Basu Mallik
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Poor Solubility

Flavonoids constitute a large group of polyphenolic compounds that are known to have antioxidant properties, through their free radical scavenging abilities. They possess a chromone (γ- benzopyrone) moiety, responsible for eliciting many pharmacological activities. Even though, natural flavonoids are highly potent, owing to their poor solubility, they are less used. Therefore, attempts have been made to improve their stability, solubility, efficacy and kinetics by introducing various substituents on the flavone ring. For nearly the last two decades, flavones were synthesized in our laboratory by simple, convenient and cost-effective methods, with the knowledge of both synthetic and semi-synthetic chemistry. In this direction, it was considered worthwhile to present an overview on the synthesized flavonoids. This review creates a platform for highlighting various modifications done on the flavone system along with their biological activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Innovative Dried Purée from Jerusalem Artichoke—In Vitro Studies of Its Physicochemical and Health-Promoting Properties

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2644
Author(s):  
Jan Oszmiański ◽  
Sabina Lachowicz ◽  
Paulina Nowicka ◽  
Paweł Rubiński ◽  
Tomasz Cebulak
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Health Promoting

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Jerusalem artichoke processing methods and drying methods (freeze drying, sublimation drying, vacuum drying) on the basic physicochemical parameters, profiles and contents of sugars and polyphenolic compounds, and health-promoting properties (antioxidant activity, inhibition of the activities of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase) of the produced purée. A total of 25 polyphenolic compounds belonging to hydroxycinnamic phenolic acids (LC-PDA-MS-QTof) were detected in Jerusalem artichoke purée. Their average content in the raw material was at 820 mg/100 g dm (UPLC-PDA-FL) and was 2.7 times higher than in the cooked material. The chemical composition and the health-promoting value of the purées were affected by the drying method, with the most beneficial values of the evaluated parameters obtained upon freeze drying. Vacuum drying could offer an alternative to freeze drying, as both methods ensured relatively comparable values of the assessed parameters.

scholarly journals Determination of Flavonoids Compounds of Three Species and Different Harvesting Periods in Crataegi folium Based on LC-MS/MS

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1602
Author(s):  
Ya-Ping Guo ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
Ya-Li Wang ◽  
Xiao-Xiang Chen ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
First Time

Crataegi folium have been used as medicinal and food materials worldwide due to its pharmacological activities. Although the leaves of Crataegus songorica (CS), Crataegus altaica (CA) and Crataegus kansuensis (CK) have rich resources in Xinjiang, China, they can not provide insights into edible and medicinal aspects. Few reports are available on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids compounds of their leaves. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient methods to determine qualitative and quantitative flavonoids compounds in leaves of CS, CA and CK. In the study, 28 unique compounds were identified in CS versus CK by qualitative analysis. The validated quantitative method was employed to determine the content of eight flavonoids of the leaves of CS, CA and CK within 6 min. The total content of eight flavonoids was 7.8–15.1 mg/g, 0.1–9.1 mg/g and 4.8–10.7 mg/g in the leaves of CS, CA and CK respectively. Besides, the best harvesting periods of the three species were from 17th to 26th September for CS, from 30th September to 15th October for CA and CK. The validated and time-saving method was successfully implemented for the analysis of the content of eight flavonoids compounds in CS, CA and CK for the first time.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Polychromophilus parasites of Scotophilus kuhlii bats in Thailand

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Chatree Chumnandee ◽  
Nawarat Pha-obnga ◽  
Oskar Werb ◽  
Kai Matuschewski ◽  
Juliane Schaer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Haemosporidian Parasites ◽  
South And Southeast Asia ◽  
Molecular Investigation

Abstract Parasites of the haemosporidian genus Polychromophilus have exclusively been described in bats. These parasites belong to the diverse group of malaria parasites, and Polychromophilus presents the only haemosporidian taxon that infects mammalian hosts in tropical as well as in temperate climate zones. This study provides the first information of Polychromophilus parasites in the lesser Asiatic yellow bat (Scotophilus kuhlii) in Thailand, a common vespertilionid bat species distributed in South and Southeast Asia. The gametocyte blood stages of the parasites could not be assigned to a described morphospecies and molecular analysis revealed that these parasites might represent a distinct Polychromophilus species. In contrast to Plasmodium species, Polychromophilus parasites do not multiply in red blood cells and, thus, do not cause the clinical symptoms of malaria. Parasitological and molecular investigation of haemosporidian parasites of wildlife, such as the neglected genus Polychromophilus, will contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of malaria parasites.

scholarly journals Deciphering the effects of kosmotrope and chaotrope salts during aqueous two phase extraction (ATPE) of polyphenolic compounds and glycoalkaloids from the leaves of a nutraceutical plant, Solanum retroflexum, with the aid of UPLC-QTOF-MS

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tebogo Mokgehle ◽  
Ntakadzeni Madala ◽  
Wilson Gitari ◽  
Nikita Tavengwa
Keyword(s):  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Solanum Retroflexum ◽  
Chaotropic Salts ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Time ◽  
Aqueous Two Phase Extraction

AbstractSolanum plants (Solanaceae) are renowned source of nutraceuticals and have widely been explored for their phytochemical constituents. This work investigated the effects of kosmotropic and chaotropic salts on the number of phytochemicals extracted from the leaves of a nutraceutical plant, Solanum retroflexum, and analyzed on the ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to a quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-QTOF-MS) detector. Here, a total of 20 different compounds were putatively characterized. The majority of the identified compounds were polyphenols and glycoalkaloids. Another compound, caffeoyl malate was identified for the first time in this plant. Glycoalkaloids such as solanelagnin, solamargine, solasonine, β-solanine (I) and β-solanine (II) were found to be extracted by almost all the salts used herein. Kosmotrope salts, overall, were more efficient in extracting polar compounds with 4 more polyphenolic compounds extracted compared to the chaotropes. Chaotropes were generally more selective for the extraction of less polar compounds (glycoalkaloids) with 3 more extracted than the kosmotropes. The chaotrope and the kosmotrope that extracted the most metabolites were NaCl and Na2SO4, respectively, with 12 metabolites extracted for each salt. This work demonstrated that a comprehensive metabolome of S. retroflexum, more than what was previously reported on the same plant, can be achieved by application of kosmotropes and chaotropes as extractants with the aid of the Aqueous Two Phase Extraction approach. The best-performing salts, Na2SO4 or NaCl, could potentially be applied on a commercial scale, to meet the ever-growing demand of the studied metabolites. The Aqueous Two Phase Extraction technique was found to be efficient in simultaneous extraction of multiple metabolites which can be applied in metabolomics.

scholarly journals Molecular diversity of bacteria in commercially available “Spirulina” food supplements

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Vardaka ◽  
Konstantinos A. Kormas ◽  
Matina Katsiapi ◽  
Savvas Genitsaris ◽  
Maria Moustaka-Gouni
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
454 Pyrosequencing ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pyrosequencing Analysis

The cyanobacteriumArthrospirais among the most well-known food supplements worldwide known as “Spirulina.” While it is a widely recognized health-promoting natural product, there are no reports on the molecular diversity of commercially available brands of “Spirulina” supplements and the occurrence of other cyanobacterial and heterotrophic bacterial microorganisms in these products. In this study, 454-pyrosequencing analysis of the total bacterial occurrence in 31 brands of “Spirulina” dietary supplements from the Greek market was applied for the first time. In all samples, operational taxonomic units (OTUs) ofArthrospira platensiswere the predominant cyanobacteria. Some products contained additional cyanobacterial OTUs including a few known potentially toxic taxa. Moreover, 469 OTUs were detected in all 31 products collectively, with most of them being related to the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. All samples included heterotrophic bacterial OTUs, ranging from 9–157 per product. Among the most common OTUs were ones closely related to taxa known for causing health issues (i.e.,Pseudomonas,Flavobacterium,Vibrio,Aeromonas,Clostridium,Bacillus,Fusobacterium,Enterococcus). The observed high cyanobacterial and heterotrophic bacterial OTUs richness in the final product is a point for further research on the growth and processing ofArthrospirabiomass for commercial purposes.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE FLAVONOID COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF HAWTHORN`S LEAVES CRATAEGUS PONTICA

2021 ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Kamola Vakhabjanova Raimova ◽  
Nodira Gulomzhanovna Abdulladzhanova ◽  
Farrukh Nazimovich Toshpulatov ◽  
Nurali Azamovich Ergashev ◽  
Alimzhan Davlatbaevich Matchanov
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Flavonoid Composition ◽  
The Republic

The results of studies of the content of polyphenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in the Pontic hawthorn plant Crataegus pontica K.Koch., growing in the mountainous regions of the Tashkent region of the Republic of Uzbekistan are presented. The collection of raw materials took place in the spring at the beginning of October 2019 and at the end of April 2020. The conditions for the isolation of polyphenolic compounds were selected under various conditions. It was shown that the optimal content of polyphenols is extracted with 70% acetone, followed by fractionation of the aqueous residue with ethyl acetate and precipitation with hexane. It was shown that in the plants harvested in spring, the amount of polyphenols was 4.28%, and the collected volume was 2.6%, of the air-dry mass of the raw material. Chromatographic methods (BC and TLC) revealed that the composition of plant leaves collected in spring contains more polyphenols than those collected in autumn. This plant contains compounds belonging to the class of flavonols, phenolic acids and flavan-3-ols. Polyphenols were identified by rutin, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-β-galactoside, catechin, and gallic acid by BC and TLC methods. The antioxidant activity of the sum of polyphenolic compounds was studied in the model of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rat liver mitochondria. It was found that polyphenols have a protective effect on mitochondria, a reduced damaging effect of Fe2+ / ascorbate and antioxidant activity depends on the concentration of the studied polyphenolic substances. The introduction of rutin into the incubation medium in 5 μM medium inhibits LPO processes by 32.0%, and at 10 μM – by 85.9% and in 20 μM – by 96.8%, compared with the control.

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