scholarly journals Phosphorus load in outdoor areas for laying hens and capacity of phosphorus retaining materials to reduce the environmental impact

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Aronsson ◽  
Lotten Wahlund ◽  
Malin Lovang ◽  
Ebba Hellstrand ◽  
Åsa Odelros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Phosphorus Load ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Outdoor Area ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Fertilizers

AbstractThis study investigated manure loads in outdoor paddocks for laying hens and the capacity of two phosphorus (P) retaining materials for reducing leaching from manure in areas with high hen density. Inventories on two commercial farms during 2 years (2017 and 2018) of the impact of hens (groups of 3000 hens) on vegetation, as a proxy for land use by hens, showed that 16–21% of outdoor area in grassland paddocks and 22–39% of area in a forest paddock were used by the hens. Sand and limestone were tested as P retention materials in areas with high manure load in a field study during the outdoor season for laying hens (May 1 to October 31 in 2018). The materials were placed on the ground (0.2 m deep bed, 3.3 m wide) outside the pop-hole in paddocks with 76 hens. The average numbers of hens outdoors were recorded at 9 am and 3 pm daily. There was no significant difference between the materials concerning distribution of hens, and they seemed not to prefer any material more than the other. When cylinders containing the spent materials were exposed to simulated rainfalls in a laboratory study, the P concentrations in drainage water were high for all materials, including a control with gravel (58–136 mg PO4-P L−1 and 130–197 mg total-P L−1). On average, 14% of manure P retained in the sand and limestone materials was leached after 100 mm of simulated rainfall. Thus, these materials may act as physical filters for P in manure, but to reduce the risk of P losses to waters during the following winter, they need to be removed from the paddocks and preferably used as potential P fertilizers on arable land.

scholarly journals Kajian Cara Tanam Jagung Bayi (Zea mays L.) dan Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum) terhadap Besarnya Erosi pada Lahan Miring

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Supriyadi Supriyadi
Keyword(s):  
P Element ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Available P ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Treatment Variation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Planting Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total P

<p>The objective of this research was understanding the impact of planting method to N and P element in the soil (swapt away by erosion) of aslant land, determining the best planting method and plant variety that has best ability to reduce erosion of N and P element. This research employed erosion block for seasonal plants with 30<sup>O</sup> of declivity. Erosion of N and P element examined by analyzing the soil swept away by erotion every 5 days. Analysis of N and P element included available N, total N, available P and total P. Then the data was analyzed with T-test at 95% level confidence.</p><p>Conclusion taken from this research were: 1) Planting method reduce availble P and total P element, respectively as much as 15% and 20%, but there was no significant difference between available N and total P, 2) There was significant difference between available P and total P, when the variety of plant and combination was employed as a treatment variation, 3) Pennisetum purpureum planted by using equidistant method reduce N and P element in the soil, respectively as much as 15% and 20%.</p>

scholarly journals Different sources of phosphorus fertilizers and soil amendments affected the phosphorus and cadmium content in soil, roots and seeds of maize (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-645
Author(s):  
Chathurika Umayangani ◽  
Wasantha Malaviarachchi ◽  
Rasika Hettiarachchi ◽  
Neelamanie Yapa
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Available P ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Soil Available P ◽  
The Impact ◽  
P Fertilizers

Phosphorus (P) fertilizers contain cadmium (Cd) as a contaminant at levels varying from trace amounts to high levels and therefore, can be a major source of Cd to agricultural systems. This study was designed to assess the impact on application of Eppawala rock phosphate (ERP) and triple super phosphate (TSP) as P fertilizers and different soil amendments on P and Cd uptake in maize (Zea mays L.). The field trial was carried out at Field Crop Research and Development Institute at Mahailluppallama, Sri Lanka. A randomized complete block design was employed with three replicates as ERP and TSP separately applied with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and three types of amendments (biochar, compost and dolomite) and the control without adding P fertilizers. Phosphorus content and Cd content of soil, maize roots and seeds were quantified. Results revealed that available soil Cd and total accumulated root and seed Cd amounts were significantly higher in TSP added treatments with and without amendments compared with ERP added soil. Considering soil available P, root and seed P, there was no significant difference observed in different treatments of TSP and ERP added treatments. A similar phenomenon was also observed in growth and yield parameters with both fertilizers added and with the added amendments. There was no colonization of AMF in maize roots in TSP applied soil while 25-60% of colonization was recorded with ERP. Synthetic fertilizer (TSP) must have inhibited the AMF colonization and thereby increasing the Cd content in maize seeds. AMF colonization increased with comparatively low soil available P in ERP added treatments. The results revealed that TSP could be effectively substituted by ERP as a source of P for maize soils. The addition of AMF, compost and biochar further increased the effect.

Effectiveness of Induced Molting in Laying Hens- A Feed Removal Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-433
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Tiwary ◽  
Sumit Sharma ◽  
Milan Kandel ◽  
Manoj Kumar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Production Economics ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Cage System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Commercial Farms

Induced molting of laying hens is a common husbandry practiced in many commercial farms. This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of induced molting on production parameters along with production economics of Layers. For this study, Lohmann Brown-Classic hens were reared in a modern cage system from 10 weeks of age. There was no significant difference(P>0.05) in egg production in Hen Day Basis (HDP) before 65 weeks in comparison to standard performance table provided by Lohmann Brown- Classic Layers Management Guide (Cage Housing). A total of 8087 laying hens were divided into two treatment groups after 65 weeks of age; one group (N=4055) without any feed restriction (control=T0) and another (N=4032) had induced molting with 15 days of feed restriction, provided with only water and mineral supplements (T1) followed by five days of exclusive Ground Maize feeding. The average HDP before division of treatment was recorded 83.37%. The T0 and T1 group were reared up to 85 and 109 weeks respectively, in accordance to the economical sustainability. The feed intake per bird, egg production including marketable and non-marketable eggs and mortality along with production economics of both groups were recorded. The T1 group reached its peak egg production (88.48%) on Hen Day Basis (HDP) after 62 days following treatment which was higher (P<0.05) than the T0 group. The ratio of marketable to non-marketable eggs was found higher in T1 (69.32:1) than that of T0 (38.53:1). The production cost per egg was recorded NRs.6.86 and 6.99 respectively for T1 and T0 group with 4.33% more profit on T1 than T0 group. This study suggests that induced molting with feed restriction approach is beneficial to bypass the scarcity period with falling market value of eggs and also increase the ratio of marketable eggs to non-marketable eggs. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(4): 429-433  

scholarly journals The impact of intensive dairy farming on the leaching losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from a mole and pipe drained soil

2003 ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Houlbrooke ◽  
D.J. Horne ◽  
M.J. Hedley ◽  
J.A. Hanly ◽  
V.O. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Dairy Effluent ◽  
Total N ◽  
Artificial Drainage ◽  
Effluent Irrigation ◽  
Farm Dairy Effluent ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total P

While it is widely believed that intensive dairy farming is a major contributor to the increased nutrient loads in surface waters, there is little current research quantifying the magnitude of nutrient loss from dairy farms to waterways, particularly from artificial drainage. An experimental site has been established on a Pallic soil (Tokomaru silt loam) to measure the impacts of intensive dairying on the quality and quantity of drainage water exiting from an artificial drainage system. A key component of this study is the development and evaluation of a land-based treatment system for farm dairy effluent (deferred irrigation). The research site has eight replicated plots, each with an isolated mole and pipe drain network. All the plots are subjected to the farm's standard grazing management. Four of the plots receive fer tiliser according to the farm's fertiliser programme, while the other four plots receive applications of farm dairy effluent. Measurements of drainage flows during year one of this study showed that the average concentrations of total nitrogen (12.9 mg N/L) and total phosphorus (0.15 mg P/L) in drainage water for the winter of 2002 under standard dairy farming practices were all well above the levels necessary to prevent aquatic weed growth in fresh water bodies. Adherence to the scheduling criteria prescribed by the 'deferred irrigation' system prevented the direct loss of nutrients during irrigation of farm dairy effluent in the summer of 2001/2002. Summer applications of farm dairy effluent did not increase N loss in subsequent winter drainage. Effluent irrigation increased P loss during the subsequent winter drainage period by 0.52 kg total-P/ha (0.38 kg P/ha as DIP). However, this increase in total loss corresponds to less than 4% of the P (16 kg/ha) applied as effluent. Deferred irrigation proved to be a very successful tool for minimising nutrient losses from effluent irrigated areas in direct drainage of effluent at the time of irrigation and subsequent winter drainage. Dairy cattle grazing events also increased nutrient concentrations in drainage waters following grazing by approximately 5 mg total-N/L (nearly all in the nitrate form) and 0.1 mg total-P/L (nearly all in the DIP form). The effect of an application of urea in spring on nitrate-N concentrations in drainage water was minimal. Keywords: dairying, effluent irrigation, mole and pipe drainage, nitrogen, nutrient leaching phosphorus, water quality

Measuring Impact of Stress in Sandwich Generation Caring for Demented Parents

GeroPsych ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence M. Solberg ◽  
Lauren B. Solberg ◽  
Emily N. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sandwich Generation ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adult Caregivers ◽  
The Impact

Stress in caregivers may affect the healthcare recipients receive. We examined the impact of stress experienced by 45 adult caregivers of their elderly demented parents. The participants completed a 32-item questionnaire about the impact of experienced stress. The questionnaire also asked about interventions that might help to reduce the impact of stress. After exploratory factor analysis, we reduced the 32-item questionnaire to 13 items. Results indicated that caregivers experienced stress, anxiety, and sadness. Also, emotional, but not financial or professional, well-being was significantly impacted. There was no significant difference between the impact of caregiver stress on members from the sandwich generation and those from the nonsandwich generation. Meeting with a social worker for resource availability was identified most frequently as a potentially helpful intervention for coping with the impact of stress.

Implicit and explicit corrective feedback and feedback exposure conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-48
Author(s):  
Takehiro Iizuka ◽  
Kimi Nakatsukasa
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oral Corrective Feedback ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Picture Description ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Instructional Settings ◽  
The Impact

This exploratory study examined the impact of implicit and explicit oral corrective feedback (CF) on the development of implicit and explicit knowledge of Japanese locative particles (activity de, movement ni and location ni) for those who directly received CF and those who observed CF in the classroom. Thirty-six college students in a beginning Japanese language course received either recast (implicit), metalinguistic (explicit) or no feedback during an information-gap picture description activity, and completed a timed picture description test (implicit knowledge) and an untimed grammaticality judgement test (explicit knowledge) in a pre-test, immediate post-test and delayed post-test. The results showed that overall there was no significant difference between CF types, and that CF benefited direct and indirect recipients similarly. Potential factors that might influence the effectiveness of CF, such as instructional settings, complexity of target structures and pedagogy styles, are discussed.

Reducing the Social Stigma Associated with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Controlled Trial of an Intervention Program in a Turkish Community Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Ayça Aktaç Gürbüz ◽  
Orçun YORULMAZ ◽  
Gülşah DURNA
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Scientific research into the reduction of stigmatization, particularly related to specific problems such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), is scarce. In the present study, we examine the impact of a video-based antistigma intervention program for OCD in a pretest-posttest control group research. After being randomly assigned to either an intervention (n= 101) or control group (n= 96), the participants reported their attitudes on a hypothetical case vignette before and after OCD vs. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) videos, and again six months later as a follow up assessment. The mixed design analyses for the group comparisons indicated that although there was no significant difference in the measures of the control group, the participants watching the anti-stigma OCD video, in which the focus was psychoeducation and interaction strategies, reported significantly lower scores on social distances and negative beliefs for the case vignettes they read, and this difference was maintained six months later. Then, the present results indicate the effectiveness of our anti-stigma intervention program for OCD. Interventions to reduce stigmatization can also be viewed as effective tools for changing the attitudes of people toward OCD, although further research and applications are needed related to specific disorders if a longlasting impact is to be achieved.

Antecedents And Outcomes Of Qwl Among Employees In Banks

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Geethanjali N ◽  
Parveen Roja M ◽  
Lavanya D
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Quality Of Work Life ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Service Productivity ◽  
The Impact

Quality of work life is the major factor to be considered in working environment of any organization. The performance of employees and the organization lies on the ability of the employees based on working environment. The QWL leads to better working environment which improves the performance of organization. The present study has made an attempt to find the level of factors causing QWL and the impact of outcome of QWL in banks. Since the profile of the banks may be associated with the level of outcomes of QWL, the present study has made an attempt to examine it with the help of one way analysis of variance and t-test. The included outcomes of QWL are job satisfaction, job stress, organizational climate, organizational commitment, employees retention behaviour, service quality employees and service productivity of employees. The highly associated determinants of QWL and the significant difference among the PUSBs and PRSBs have been noticed. The significantly associating important profiles of the banks regarding the existence of outcome of QWL are identified.

Оrganic Meat Production of Broiler Chickens Hubbard Redbro Cross

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
The Impact

This article presents the results of studying the impact of housing and feeding conditions on broiler chickens of Hubbard RedBro cross, as well as the quality of products obtained when using floor and cage content, in a farm. It established that when receiving a mixed feed of own production using feed raw materials grown on a farm without the use of pesticides, a statistically significant decrease in potentially dangerous substances for animal health is recorded. Compared with factory feed, it has reduced the content of pesticides by 14 times, and mercury and arsenic by 24 times, cadmium by five times, and lead by ten times. The results of the study of economic indicators of growing Hubbard RedBro cross broiler chickens, as well as the chemical composition and quality of carcasses, indicated that there was no significant difference between the floor and cell conditions of keeping. Still, the use of a diet based on eco-feeds contributed to a statistically significant decrease in the concentration of toxic metals in the muscles of the poultry of the experimental groups. As a result, it found that the use of the studied compound feed in the diets of broiler chickens increased the indicators of Biosafety and ensured the production of environmentally safe ("organic") poultry meat products.

Characteristics of monitored diabetic patients by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (05) ◽  
pp. 4563
Author(s):  
Tariq A. Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hba1c Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) test indicates the blood glucose levels for the previous two to three months. Using HbA1c test may overcome many of the practical issues and prevent infections such as urinary tract infections (UTIs). The study aimed to evaluate the impact of glycemic control using HbA1c test to understand patient characteristics and UTIs prevalence. Glycemic control was evaluated by measuring HbA1c for a total of 208 diabetes patients who were regularly attending diabetes center in Al-Noor specialist hospital in Makkah.  The results showed that good and moderate glycemic controlled patients were 14.9% and 16.9% respectively while the poor glycemic patients were 68.3%. Among the good improved glycemic control, 83.9% were females, 48.4% were from age group (15-44y). Among the moderately improved glycemic control, 68.4% were females, 54.3% were from age group (45-64 y) with no significant difference. The total number of the patients with positive UTIs was 55 (26.4%) while the total number of patients with negative was UTIs 153 (73.6%). Among the positive UTIs, 76.3% were with poor glycemic control while only 12.3% and 11% were moderate and good improved glycemic control respectively. Among the negative UTIs, 65.3% were with poor glycemic control while only 19% and 15.7% were with moderate and good improved glycemic control respectively.  Prevalence of UTIs among diabetic patients was not significant (p > 0.05). It was concluded that HbA1c was useful monitoring tool for diabetes mellitus and may lead to improved outcomes. Using a HbA1c test may overcome many of the practical issues that affect the blood glucose tests.

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