Association of Metformin with the Mortality and Incidence of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Pre-existing Cardiovascular Diseases

Drugs ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Li ◽  
Rui Providencia ◽  
Wenhua Jiang ◽  
Manling Liu ◽  
Lu Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Events

PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab to increase anticancer activities and reduce cardiotoxicity during doxorubicin and trastuzumab, as sequential treatment, through MyD88/NF-kB/mTORC1 pathways.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15039-e15039
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Quagliariello ◽  
Simona Buccolo ◽  
Martina Iovine ◽  
Andrea Paccone ◽  
Annamaria Bonelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Sequential Treatment ◽  
Pcsk9 Inhibitor ◽  
Her2 Breast Cancer

e15039 Background: Inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has emerged as a novel therapy to treat hypercholesterolaemia and related cardiovascular diseases. Evolocumab, a PCSK9 inhibitor, reduced the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases when added to maximally tolerated statin therapy (± ezetimibe), and recent data from the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial indicate that alirocumab added to maximally tolerated statin therapy (± other lipid-lowering drugs) reduces the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. Methods: Human fetal cardiomyocytes (HFC cell line), human HER2+ breast cancer cells were exposed to subclinical concentration of doxorubicin, trastuzumab, sequential treatment of both (all 100 nM), alone or in combination with evolocumab (50 nM) for 24 and 48h. After the incubation period, we performed the following tests: determination of cell viability, through analysis of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, study of lipid peroxidation (quantifying cellular Malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal), intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Moreover, pro-inflammatory studied were also performed (activation of NLRP3 inflammasome; expression of TLR4/MyD88; mTORC1 Fox01/3a; transcriptional activation of p65/NF-κB and secretion of cytokines involved in cardiotoxicity (Interleukins 1β, 8, 6). Results: Evolocumab co-incubated with doxorubicin alone or in sequence with trastuzumab exerts cardioprotective effects, enhancing cell viability of 35-43% compared to untreated cells (p < 0,05 for all); in cardiomyocytes Evolocumab reduced significantly the cardiotoxicity through MyD88/NF-KB/cytokines axis and mTORC1 Fox01/3α mediated mechanisms. In human HER2+ breast cancer cells, co-exposure of Evolocumab with doxorubicin and trastuzumab increased significantly cell apoptosis and necrosis through the involvement of key cytokines involved in chemoresistence. Conclusions: We demonstrated, for the first time, that the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab exerts direct effects in cardiomyocytes and human HER2+ breast cancer cells during doxorubicin and trastuzumab exposure turning on a new light on its possible use in the management of breast cancer therapies.

scholarly journals Ten year cardio-cerebro-vascular mortality and morbidity in a Southern Italy cohort: the VIP Project data

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Capuano ◽  
Norman Lamaida ◽  
Sergio Torre ◽  
Ernesto Capuano ◽  
Maria Immacolata Borrelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Local Analysis ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
European Standard Population

Rationale: In Italy the mortality data were obtained almost exclusively from the data RENCAM (Name Causes of Death Register), while there are few prospective surveys. In order to assess whether there are particular epidemiological conditions in the geographical area of Mercato S. Severino, in Southern Italy, we have studied, and reassessed at ten years (1998/99 - 2008/09), a cohort of adult general population in a project of cardiovascular epidemiology and prevention. Materials and Methods: We calculated the rates of mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular events covering the period 1998/99 - 2008/09, in a cohort of 1200 persons (600 men and 600 women) aged 25 to 74 years. Data were standardized using the European standard population. Results: Mortality from cardiovascular causes was 46,5% in men and 48,7% in women; it was mainly concentrated in the age group 65-74 years where it occurred on 62,9% of deaths in men and 66,7% in women. Regarding morbidity, the incidence of events to ten years of non-fatal myocardial infarction was 2,2% in men and of 1,8% in women. PTCA interventions to ten year have been 3,3% in men and 3,4% in women, the interventions of aorto-coronary bypass have been 2,4% and 0,5% for men and women respectively. While all major cardiovascular events have been more frequent in men, in women there was a higher incidence of stroke (1,6% vs 0,9%). Conclusions: Although by comparison with other European countries Italy is among the countries considered at low-risk of coronary heart disease, in Campania cardiovascular diseases reach higher rates than the rest of the country. Our results are in line with the literature data and confirm that cardiovascular diseases are a major public health problem. Local analysis to propose means to provide useful information for planning prevention interventions targeted to their own territory.

scholarly journals Association between faecal haemoglobin concentration and the risk of cardiovascular diseases among Taiwanese adults in a community-based screening cohort

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e032633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Liong Chien ◽  
Ting-Yu Lin ◽  
Chen-Yang Hsu ◽  
Chang-Chuan Chan ◽  
Tony Hsiu-Hsi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Cohort Study Design

ObjectivesThe role of faecal haemoglobin as a colorectal cancer screening tool has been demonstrated. However, the association between the faecal haemoglobin concentration and the risk of cardiovascular disease events and deaths is still unclear.DesignCohort study design.SettingPopulation-based organised integrated service screening in Keelung City, TaiwanParticipantsA total of 33 355 healthy individuals aged over 40 years who were free of cardiovascular disease at study entry were followed up.Main outcomes and measuresNewly diagnosed cardiovascular disease events and deaths.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 2.39 years, a total of 2768 participants developed cardiovascular events, and after a median follow-up of 8.43 years, 317 cases of cardiovascular deaths occurred. The risk of cardiovascular disease increased with baseline faecal haemoglobin in a dose–response manner, yielding a significant elevated risk of cardiovascular disease in parallel with the incremental concentration of faecal haemoglobin (adjusted HRs=1.04, 1.10, 1.40 and 1.23 for faecal haemoglobin concentrations of 1–19, 20–49, 50–99 and ≥100 ng/mL, trend test, p<0.0001, as compared with the reference group with undetectable faecal haemoglobin concentrations). A similar pattern was observed for the risk of cardiovascular disease deaths. In addition, the faecal haemoglobin improved the prediction performance of the model for the risk of cardiovascular diseases; the integrated discrimination improvement was 0.3% (p<0.001) for cardiovascular events and 0.1% (p=0.020) for cardiovascular deaths.ConclusionsOur data support that faecal haemoglobin concentrations may be associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The biological mechanisms underlying the role of faecal haemoglobin as health outcomes should be investigated.

Vitamin D Deficiency and Cardiovascular Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Yifei Wang ◽  
Shi Zhou ◽  
Shuai Lei ◽  
Liying Hao ◽  
Deri Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Hormone Effects ◽  
Peptide Expression ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

In recent years, there are increasing evidences of epidemiology and clinic which indicate that vitamin D deficiency has relationship with cardiovascular disease. It was found the levels of vitamin D were negatively correlated with cardiovascular events such as hypertension, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and coronary heart disease. This article reviews the connection between cardiovascular diseases and vitamin D, and explains the underlying mechanisms including regulating renin-angiotensin system or endothelial function, inhibition of natriuretic peptide expression or the release of parathyroid hormone, effects on inflammation or obesity, bioenergetics, activation of extracellular Ca2+, inhibition of oxidative stress, and so on. These mechanisms provide novel strategy for the treatment of these cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Atherosclerosis—Focusing on the Plaque Stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyi Shen ◽  
Lihua Li ◽  
Zhen Sun ◽  
Guangyao Zang ◽  
Lili Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
The Stability

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are major causes of mortality and morbidity in the modern society. The rupture of atherosclerotic plaque can induce thrombus formation, which is the main cause of acute cardiovascular events. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that there are some relationships between microbiota and atherosclerosis. In this review, we will focus on the effect of the microbiota and the microbe-derived metabolites, including trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), on the stability of atherosclerotic plaque. Finally, we will conclude with some therapies based on the microbiota and its metabolites.

Role of Vitamin D in Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-438
Author(s):  
Raisa Aringazina ◽  
Gulnara Kurmanalina ◽  
Bakhtiyar Kurmanalin ◽  
Tatyana Degtyarevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Duration Of Treatment

Objective: About 90% of cardiovascular diseases can be prevented. In recent years, the role of vitamin D in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and components of metabolic syndrome has been actively discussed. The study aimed to investigate the possible influence of vitamin D3 on the emergence risk of metabolic syndrome and adverse cardiovascular events. Materials and methods: The study enrolled a total of 336 people (170 males and 166 females) aged 50-60 years. For comparative analysis, two groups were formed: Group 1 group involved 150 people treated with placebo, and Group 2 group included 186 people who received vitamin D3 orally in a dose of 2000 IU/day. The duration of treatment and observation was four years. Participants in the study completed a questionnaire developed by the authors of this paper, in which they answered questions about the presence of factors contributing to the development of cardiovascular pathology. Results and Discussion: Daily oral intake of vitamin D3 in a dose of 2000 IU/day for four years did not improve laboratory indicators, which are components of MS, namely, the content in the blood of TC, TG, LDL, HDL, AI, fasting and postprandial glycemia, insulin, and insulin resistance index HOMA2-IR (p>0.05). Prolonged use of vitamin D3 did not reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases (myocardial infarcts (RR=0.93, 95% CI [0.21-4.09], p=0.92), strokes (RR=1.24, 95% CI [0.18-8.70], p=0.83), stenting (RR=1,23, 95% CI [0.32-4.88], p=0.76), arterial hypertension (RR=1.12, 95% CI [0.47-2.68], p=0.81), as well as cardiovascular death rates (RR=0.83, 95% CI [0.14-4.88], p=0.83) and death from any other causes (RR=0.93, 95% CI [0.21- 4.09], p=0.92). Conclusion: Thus, daily prolonged oral administration of vitamin D3 in a dose of 2000 IU/day does not contribute to the improvement of blood lipid spectrum, glycemia, and insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome and does not reduce the risk of adverse (fatal and non-fatal) cardiovascular events. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.431-438

Accentuating cardiovascular events in Sibutramine-treated patients

2022 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 2852-2852
Author(s):  
Radeyah Waseem ◽  
Mahnoor Raza ◽  
Aleena Aftab
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
High Prevalence

Sibutramine has been used as an anti-obesity drug, sold under the brand name of Meridia, among others. However, it was banned in various countries after a statistically impactful finding that it increases the risk of cardiovascular events even in patients who were not at a predisposed risk. Despite these findings, Sibutramine is still prescribed in Pakistan, in spite of the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in our population. In this letter, we have summarized the long-known, and recent findings regarding Sibutramine and have also provided the statistics to empower our reasoning. We believe that this letter will prove to be a valuable asset in spreading awareness regarding Sibutramine within the medical community in Pakistan. Continuous...

Meta-analysis

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 3092-3098
Author(s):  
Natalie Staplin ◽  
Colin Baigent
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Decisions ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Effective Treatments

The term ‘meta-analysis’ refers to a statistical method for combining the results of several (often many) studies or experiments in order to arrive at an overall conclusion about the size and variability of the measure of interest. In the context of cardiovascular disease, such studies are most often randomized trials of therapies for the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction or stroke. The specialty has now witnessed several decades of success in identifying effective treatments for cardiovascular diseases, and the technique of meta-analysis of randomized trials has played an important role in this success. Not all meta-analyses are made equal, however, and it is important to be aware of the limitations of the method. This chapter considers how the technique can be best employed to guide treatment decisions, while also highlighting the limitations of meta-analysis when the information available is inadequate or potentially biased.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs Expression Profiles in Cardiovascular Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Bronze-da-Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathologies ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Posttranscriptional Level

The current search for new markers of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is explained by the high morbidity and mortality still observed in developed and developing countries due to cardiovascular events. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have emerged as potential new biomarkers and are small sequences of RNAs that regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional level by inhibiting translation or inducing degradation of the target mRNAs. Circulating miRNAs are involved in the regulation of signaling pathways associated to aging and can be used as novel diagnostic markers for acute and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular pathologies. This review summarizes the biogenesis, maturation, and stability of miRNAs and their use as potential biomarkers for coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and heart failure (HF).

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