scholarly journals Ten year cardio-cerebro-vascular mortality and morbidity in a Southern Italy cohort: the VIP Project data

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Capuano ◽  
Norman Lamaida ◽  
Sergio Torre ◽  
Ernesto Capuano ◽  
Maria Immacolata Borrelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Local Analysis ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
European Standard Population

Rationale: In Italy the mortality data were obtained almost exclusively from the data RENCAM (Name Causes of Death Register), while there are few prospective surveys. In order to assess whether there are particular epidemiological conditions in the geographical area of Mercato S. Severino, in Southern Italy, we have studied, and reassessed at ten years (1998/99 - 2008/09), a cohort of adult general population in a project of cardiovascular epidemiology and prevention. Materials and Methods: We calculated the rates of mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular events covering the period 1998/99 - 2008/09, in a cohort of 1200 persons (600 men and 600 women) aged 25 to 74 years. Data were standardized using the European standard population. Results: Mortality from cardiovascular causes was 46,5% in men and 48,7% in women; it was mainly concentrated in the age group 65-74 years where it occurred on 62,9% of deaths in men and 66,7% in women. Regarding morbidity, the incidence of events to ten years of non-fatal myocardial infarction was 2,2% in men and of 1,8% in women. PTCA interventions to ten year have been 3,3% in men and 3,4% in women, the interventions of aorto-coronary bypass have been 2,4% and 0,5% for men and women respectively. While all major cardiovascular events have been more frequent in men, in women there was a higher incidence of stroke (1,6% vs 0,9%). Conclusions: Although by comparison with other European countries Italy is among the countries considered at low-risk of coronary heart disease, in Campania cardiovascular diseases reach higher rates than the rest of the country. Our results are in line with the literature data and confirm that cardiovascular diseases are a major public health problem. Local analysis to propose means to provide useful information for planning prevention interventions targeted to their own territory.

scholarly journals Report on Non-fatal events cardio-cerebro-vascular to ten years in a Southern Italy cohort

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Capuano ◽  
Norman Lamaida ◽  
Rocco Capuano ◽  
Eduardo Capuano ◽  
Sergio Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Coronary Bypass ◽  
Local Analysis ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Major Cardiovascular Events ◽  
European Standard Population

Background: Data relating to non-fatal cardiovascular events are poor but these data are essential to organize targeted interventions on the territory and to understand their effectiveness. Methods: We calculated the rates of morbidity from cardiovascular events covering the period 1998/99 - 2008/09, in a cohort of 1200 persons (600 men and 600 women) aged 25 to 74 years. Data were standardized using the European standard population. Results: The incidence of events to ten years of nonfatal myocardial infarction was 2,2% in men and of 1,8% in women. PCI interventions to ten year have been 3,3% in men and 3,4% in women, the interventions of aorto-coronary bypass have been 2,4% and 0,5% for men and women respectively. While all major cardiovascular events have been more frequent in men, in women there was a higher incidence of stroke (1,6% vs 0,9%). Conclusion: Although by comparison with other European countries Italy is among the countries considered at low-risk of coronary heart disease, in Campania cardiovascular diseases reach higher rates than the rest of the country. Our results are in keeping with the literature data and confirm that cardiovascular diseases are a major public health problem. Local analysis are useful in providing additional information for planning prevention interventions targeted to its own territory.

scholarly journals Participatory Research for Preventing Pesticide-Related DSH and Suicide in Sundarban, India: A Brief Report

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arabinda N. Chowdhury ◽  
Sohini Banerjee ◽  
Arabinda Brahma ◽  
Mrinal K. Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Research ◽  
Community Based Participatory Research ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Agricultural Community ◽  
Admission Data ◽  
And Training

Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is a major public health problem in the Sundarban region, India. This study is aimed to develop a DSH-suicide prevention programme based on the principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR). Perception and opinion of community about the problem of pesticide-related DSH and suicide were elicited in a series of facilitated focus group discussions in Namkhana block of Sundarban region. Based on their suggestion, a broad preventive programme was launched involving the development of information, education, and communication (IEC) and training modules and training of the stakeholders of the block. Most of the members of each target group found that the IEC materials were culture fair (message is acceptable, understandable, and meaningful in the local context) and very useful. Analysis of Dwariknagar BPHC, DSH admission data showed a definite reduction of DSH incidents after this CBPR approach to prevention was initiated. Similar model of DSH prevention in the other blocks of Sundarban region or in agricultural community may help to reduce the enormous mortality and morbidity from pesticide-related DSH and suicide.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Atherosclerosis—Focusing on the Plaque Stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyi Shen ◽  
Lihua Li ◽  
Zhen Sun ◽  
Guangyao Zang ◽  
Lili Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
The Stability

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are major causes of mortality and morbidity in the modern society. The rupture of atherosclerotic plaque can induce thrombus formation, which is the main cause of acute cardiovascular events. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that there are some relationships between microbiota and atherosclerosis. In this review, we will focus on the effect of the microbiota and the microbe-derived metabolites, including trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), on the stability of atherosclerotic plaque. Finally, we will conclude with some therapies based on the microbiota and its metabolites.

scholarly journals Long-Term Trends in Unintentional Fall Mortality in China: A Population-Based Age-Period-Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenkun Wang ◽  
Youzhen Hu ◽  
Fang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Unintentional Falls

Background: Unintentional falls seriously threaten the life and health of people in China. This study aimed to assess the long-term trends of mortality from unintentional falls in China and to examine the age-, period-, and cohort-specific effects behind them.Methods: This population-based multiyear cross-sectional study of Chinese people aged 0–84 years was a secondary analysis of the mortality data of fall injuries from 1990 to 2019, derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Age-standardized mortality rates of unintentional falls by year, sex, and age group were used as the main outcomes and were analyzed within the age-period-cohort framework.Results: Although the crude mortality rates of unintentional falls for men and women showed a significant upward trend, the age-standardized mortality rates for both sexes only increased slightly. The net drift of unintentional fall mortality was 0.13% (95% CI, −0.04 to 0.3%) per year for men and −0.71% (95% CI, −0.96 to −0.46%) per year for women. The local drift values for both sexes increased with age group. Significant age, cohort, and period effects were found behind the mortality trends of the unintentional falls for both sexes in China.Conclusions: Unintentional falls are still a major public health problem that disproportionately threatens the lives of men and women in China. Efforts should be put in place urgently to prevent the growing number of fall-related mortality for men over 40 years old and women over 70 years old. Gains observed in the recent period, relative risks (RRs), and cohort RRs may be related to improved healthcare and better education.

scholarly journals Assessment of cardiovascular risk among diabetic patients in an urban area of Kancheepuram district, India: a cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 4098
Author(s):  
Mareeswaran N. ◽  
R. Umadevi ◽  
A. K. Savitha
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem. Non communicable diseases like coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, obesity are increasing in number and overtakes the communicable diseases with respect to morbidity and mortality. Diabetic populations have a higher risk of developing CAD than the general population. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases among diabetic patients.Methods: This is a cross sectional study done among the urban adult population in Kancheepuram district. Sample size of 400 diabetic patients was studied by using consecutive sampling method. Data was collected by administering a pre tested structured questionnaire. Cardiovascular risk was assessed based on PROCAM scoring, a 10 years risk assessment score. The study was done for a period of three months from January to March 2018. Data analysis was done in SPSS software version 22.Results: Among the diabetic patients, 53.5% of them are in high risk category based on PROCAM score for developing cardiovascular disease. A statistical significant association was found between cardiovascular risk and factors like socioeconomic status and overweight/obesity.Conclusions: This study reveals that the diabetic populations are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Hence awareness about the risk should be created and appropriate intervention at early stages should be implemented at primary health care level. 

scholarly journals Multiple causes of death related to Chagas' disease in Brazil, 1999 to 2007

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo ◽  
Alberto Novaes Ramos Junior ◽  
Carlos Henrique Alencar ◽  
Jorg Heukelbach
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Multiple Causes Of Death ◽  
Conduction Disorders ◽  
Disease Information ◽  
Multiple Causes

INTRODUCTION: Chagas' disease is a major public health problem in Brazil and needs extensive and reliable information to support consistent prevention and control actions. This study describes the most common causes of death associated with deaths related to Chagas' disease (underlying or associated cause of death). METHODS: Mortality data were obtained from the Mortality Information System of the Ministry of Health (approximately 9 million deaths). We analyzed all deaths that occurred in Brazil between 1999 and 2007, where Chagas' disease was mentioned on the death certificate as underlying or associated cause (multiple causes of death). RESULTS: There was a total of 53,930 deaths related to Chagas' disease, 44,543 (82.6%) as underlying cause and 9,387 (17.4%) as associated cause. The main diseases and conditions associated with death by Chagas' disease as underlying cause included direct complications of cardiac involvement, such as conduction disorders/arrhythmias (41.4%) and heart failure (37.7%). Cerebrovascular disease (13.2%), ischemic heart disease (13.2%) and hypertensive diseases (9.3%) were the main underlying causes of deaths in which Chagas' disease was identified as an associated cause. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular diseases were often associated with deaths related to Chagas' disease. Information from multiple causes of death recorded on death certificates allows reconstruction of the natural history of Chagas' disease and suggests preventive and therapeutic potential measures more adequate and specifics.

scholarly journals Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Blood Components and Neurotoxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Madangarli ◽  
Frederick Bonsack ◽  
Rajaneekar Dasari ◽  
Sangeetha Sukumari–Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Blood Component ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Secondary Brain Damage ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Brain

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke which is associated with the highest mortality and morbidity rates of all strokes. Although it is a major public health problem, there is no effective treatment for ICH. As a consequence of ICH, various blood components accumulate in the brain parenchyma and are responsible for much of the secondary brain damage and ICH-induced neurological deficits. Therefore, the strategies that could attenuate the blood component-induced neurotoxicity and improve hematoma resolution are highly needed. The present article provides an overview of blood-induced brain injury after ICH and emphasizes the need to conduct further studies elucidating the mechanisms of hematoma resolution after ICH.

scholarly journals The Effect of Long Lasting Insecticide Bed Net Use on Malaria Prevalence in the Tombel Health District, South West Region-Cameroon

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B. Fokam ◽  
Kevin T. J. Dzi ◽  
Leonard Ngimuh ◽  
Peter Enyong
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Health District ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
West Region ◽  
Net Use ◽  
South West ◽  
Llin Distribution ◽  
The Impact

Malaria remains a major public health problem in Africa, and its prevalence in Cameroon stands at 29%. Long Lasting Insecticide Nets (LLINs) were distributed in 2011 to reduce malaria mortality and morbidity; however, assessment of this intervention is scanty. The present study in the Tombel health district (THD) investigated the impact of this distribution on malaria prevalence. A total of 31,657 hospital records from 3 health facilities in 3 health areas for 2010–2013 were examined. Records for 2010 and 2011 provided predistribution baseline data, while those of 2012 and 2013 represented postdistribution data. 8,679 (27.4%) patients were positive for malaria. Children below 5 years had the highest prevalence (40.7%). The number of confirmed cases was highest from June to August (peak rainy season). Malaria prevalence was higher in males (25.3%) than in females (23.2%). Malaria prevalence increased in THD from 26.7% in 2010 to 30.7% in 2011 but dropped to 22.7% in 2012 and then increased in 2013 to 29.5%. There was an overall drop in the total number of confirmed malaria cases in 2012; this decrease was significant in Ebonji (p<0.001) and Nyasoso (p<0.015) health areas. The distribution of LLINs led to a short lived reduction in malaria prevalence in THD. LLIN distribution and other control activities should be reinforced to keep malaria prevalence low especially among the 0–5-year group.

scholarly journals Dengue Fever: In-Hospital Management of Critically ill Adult Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Kiran Fatima ◽  
Aamir Shahzad
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Significant Mortality

Dengue is rapidly becoming a major public health problem with significant mortality and morbidity. Management especially in first two days needs careful attention. We present a review of current literature on the management critically ill adult patients of dengue in hospital settings. Early diagnosis and close monitoring of response to treatment are necessary to prevent worse outcomes.

scholarly journals Stillbirths at the West Gonja hospital in northern Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
E.M. Der ◽  
F. Sutaa ◽  
T.B. Azongo ◽  
C. Kubio
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
The West ◽  
Gradual Rise ◽  
The Mean

In most parts of Ghana, stillbirths (SBs) do not count in routine mortality data collection and there-fore are not seen as a major public health problem. The aim of this study was to determine still-birth rate, trend, causes and factors associated with stillbirth at the West Gonja Hospital in northern Ghana and offer recommendations. This study reviewed antenatal cards of mothers and records in the labour and maternity wards for cases of SBs from January 2009 to December 2013 for foetal and maternal characteristics. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS software (version 18, Chicago). There were 3,641 births and 121 SBs during the study period with an average SBs rate of 33.2 per 1000 births. There was a gradual rise in the annual incidence of SBs from 2.9% in 2009 to 3.9% in 2012. Majority (55.4%) of the SBs were fresh. A total of 58 (47. 9%) of the SBs had no identifiable cause. The mean gestational age of SBs was 34.8 weeks (SD=4.2), and the mean weight was 2.4 Kg (SD=0.8). Majority (73.9%) of the mothers were housewives. We found strong positive associations between SBs and maternal occupation (p<0.00), but negatives associations with maturity of pregnancy (p= 0.01), mode of delivery (p<0.00), type of pregnancy (p=0.04) and the causes of stillbirths (p<0.00). This study found a high SBs rate of 33.2 per 1000 births, with a gradual rise in the incidence over the study period. Many of the SBs had no identifiable cause. Most of the mothers who had stillbirths were house wives and many of the cases had no identifiable causes. There is the need for improve SBs data collection and the need for further investigations on the causes of stillbirth in Ghana.Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences (2016) 5(1), 1-7Keywords: Mortality data, causes, incidence rate, parity, gestational week

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