Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours towards schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
David Mothersill ◽  
Gerard Loughnane ◽  
Gabriela Grasso ◽  
April Hargreaves
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Public Views

Abstract Objectives: Lack of knowledge and discriminatory attitudes and behaviours towards individuals with mental disorders is a worldwide problem but may be particularly damaging for young people. This pilot study examined knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and autism within a large sample of adults in Ireland, a country with the youngest population in Europe, in order to better understand public views on these groups. Methods: In a correlational, cross-sectional design, 307 adults in Ireland over the age of 18 completed a questionnaire over Google Forms examining knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and autism. Responses to questions specifically relating to each diagnosis were compared using trimmed mean ANOVA to examine whether responses to questions differed depending on diagnosis. Results: Results indicate varied knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards these groups, but a majority believe it should be a research priority. ANOVA and post hoc tests revealed significant differences in knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards each of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism (p < 0.005), and reported attitudes and behaviours towards schizophrenia were more negative than either bipolar disorder or autism. A majority of participants (54.8%) felt not informed enough about mental health by the media. Conclusions: In our Irish sample, type and level of stigma varies according to mental health diagnosis. Our sample also report feeling inadequately informed about mental health by the media. Thus future policy and campaigns could consider targeting individual mental health diagnoses, with a focus on increasing familiarity and knowledge.

Rorschach-CS Scores of Six Groups of Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caspar C. Berghout ◽  
Jolien Zevalkink ◽  
Abraham N. J. Pieters ◽  
Gregory J. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Organizations ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
Psychotherapy Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

In this study we used a quasiexperimental, cross-sectional design with six cohorts differing in phase of treatment (pretreatment, posttreatment, 2-year posttreatment) and treatment type (psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy) and investigated scores on 39 Rorschach-CS variables. The total sample consisted of 176 participants from four mental health care organizations in The Netherlands. We first examined pretreatment differences between patients entering psychoanalysis and patients entering psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The two treatment groups did not seem to differ substantially before treatment, with the exception of the level of ideational problems. Next, we studied the outcome of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy by comparing the Rorschach-CS scores of the six groups of patients. In general, we found significant differences between pretreatment and posttreatment on a relatively small number of Rorschach-CS variables. More pre/post differences were found between the psychoanalytic psychotherapy groups than between the psychoanalysis groups. More research is needed to examine whether analyzing clusters of variables might reveal other results.

Relationship Between Sexual Satisfaction and Mental Health in Married Older Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
Elahe Abdollahi ◽  
◽  
Somayyeh Shokrgozar ◽  
Mahboobe Sheerojan ◽  
Mahboobe Golshahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Mental Problems ◽  
Rural Health Centers ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background: The aging population is increasing rapidly; therefore, paying attention to the needs of older people is necessary. Sexual satisfaction, which is needed to feel happy, is often neglected in older women. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between sexual satisfaction and mental health in older women. Materials and Methods: In this analytical study with a cross-sectional design, 195 married women aged ≥60 years covered by urban and rural health centers of Guilan, Iran were recruited using a cluster sampling method. A demographic form, the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and a Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire were completed by participants and collected data were analyzed in SPSS v. 22 software using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, standard deviation, median), and Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation tests. Results: There was a significant relationship between sexual satisfaction and mental health in older women (P<0.0001). 51.2%, 27.7% and 21.08% of participants had low, moderate and high sexual satisfaction, respectively. Sexual satisfaction was directly related to monthly income (P<0.0001) and women’s and their husbands’ education (P<0.0001 and 0.006) while it was inversely related to physical illness (P=0.030), medication use (P=0.009), age (P<0.0001), number of children (P=0.022), and duration of marriage (P<0.0001). The median score of mental health in participants was 38 (ranging 24-53) and the percentage of participants with mental problems (79.4%) was higher than those without mental problems (20.6%). Conclusion: Mental health and sexual satisfaction in older women are directly related to each other; therefore, providing effective and appropriate sexual care programs is recommended for them.

A test of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behaviour in a sample of mental health outpatients

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarojini Naidoo ◽  
Steven Collings
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Interpersonal Psychological Theory

Suicidality is a growing mental health problem, with statistics for South Africa being in line with global estimates. There has, however, been relatively little empirical advancement in the conceptualization of suicidal behaviour in recent years. Joiner’s interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behaviour is a relatively new theory that appears to hold promise for advancing our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie suicidal behaviour. The theory proposes that people die by suicide because they want to and because they can. This study sought to test two key hypotheses of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behaviour using a cross-sectional design and a sample of 239 mental health outpatients. Consistent with theoretical predictions, levels of suicidal ideation were significantly predicted by the interactive effects of high levels of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness in the presence of high levels of hopelessness in relation to both of these distressing states; with estimates of risk for suicide being most strongly predicted by the interactive effects of suicide ideation and an acquired capability for suicide. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for theory, practice, and future research.

scholarly journals Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in Generation Z: A cross-sectional study in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Chevin Ramadhan Hadiwijaya ◽  
Muhammad Imam Zan Zabiyla Analuddin ◽  
Ayikacantya Sudayasa ◽  
Muhammad Hoki Akbar ◽  
Lilyana Aritonia Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City

Background: Adequate health systems and effective strategies are needed to increase trust and acceptance in vaccines. Generation Z is more concerned with environmental issues related to the pandemic situation.Objective: This study aimed to assess the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in Generation Z.Methods: This was an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design on generation Z in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, from May to July 2021. The samples were taken by cluster sampling using faculty classification. Data was collected using a questionnaire with a google form, included the characteristics, knowledge regarding COVID-19 and vaccine, and the media information.Results: There were 396 participants. Most of them were 20 years (52.6%), female (74.8%), and Muslim (93.7%). About 61.6% live outside the city and had insurance (77.3%). Half of the participants knew the COVID-19 symptoms (51.26%), some participants were hesitant (11.8%) and did not even know (0.76%). Almost all participants were aware of the COVID-19 vaccination program (99.2%), benefits (95.2%), side effects (84.1%), and knew the contents of the COVID-19 vaccine (62.1%). Most of them were willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine (77.8%). However, 17.93% were hesitant, and 4.29% were unwilling to participate. Most participants were not trusting vaccines (43.9%), did not feel the need (29.3%), and felt access was not easy (26.8%). Most of them used social media to get information about COVID-19 (89.1%).Conclusion: Generation Z has a good acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine, even though there are still doubts and rejects. Accurately and sustainable information is needed.

scholarly journals La depresión: una realidad masculina

Enfoques ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Nubia Álvarez Vargas ◽  
Ángela Paola Ochoa Gaitán
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

 Currently Depression is a serious mental health problem, which significantly affects the individuals; thus requires an appropriate psychological management. Numerous studies have been conducted around this problem which repeatedly shows the presence of depression in women more than in men. However, considering that in the male population has increased the risk of the disease, especially if you consider that has not produced a specific etiology of depression in the male population; making it difficult for mental health professionals make diagnoses and treatments. Thus, the present study aims to determine the existence of depression in male employees of an institution of higher education. The research corresponds to a non-experimental cross-sectional design, quantitative and descriptive approach. The non-random sample of intentional or convenience way consisted of 45 men. The instrument of data collection is known as CDH (Questionnaire depression for men) through which to assess depressive symptoms in adolescent and adult men. Partial results helped identify 44% no depression, 40% mild depression, 11% with moderate depression and 5% severe depression. The discussion and analysis of the results will be finalized on completion of the implementation phase. 

scholarly journals Perbandingan Variasi Media Alternatif dengan Berbagai Sumber Karbohidrat Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans

bionature ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erpi Nurdin ◽  
Gaby Maulida Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Alternative Media ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Growth Test ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Synthetic Media

Abstract. In the growth of microorganisms such as fungi, it is necessary to grow a medium that can provide nutrients and as an energy source. Other alternative carbohydrate sources include potatoes, breadfruit, sago, and cassava, which is a distinctive and easy to find food companion. This type of research is descriptive with cross sectional design that aims to determine the difference in alternative media variation from various sources of carbohydrate to Candida albicans. The samples were then made to be the treatment for the creation of alternative media from various carbohydrate sources that further carried out the growth test against Candida albicans. The results of the study are the average growth of colonies on alternative media from Potato carbide sources, namely 655 colonies, breadfruit 1380 colonies, cassava 862 colonies, 372 sago colonies, and semi-synthetic media as a control of 874 colonies. This indicates there is growth of Candida albicans on all alternative media so that it can be used as an alternative medium of fungi growth, as well as the best growth of Candida albicans found in the media Breadfruit Dextrose Agar. Keywords: alternative media, carbohydrate sources, Candida albicans

scholarly journals Perception of internal medicine residents regarding psychiatric patients’ care

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Oliveira Henrique Santana ◽  
Cibele Isaac Saad Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attribution Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract: Introduction: Mental disorders are accountable for the segregation of patients in many diverse cultures and historical moments worldwide. The evolution of neuroscience, technologies and advances in the psychosocial sphere have not been enough to change this paradigm. Many people still fear having social relations with someone with a psychiatric disorder, despite scientific progress and efforts to reduce prejudice in recent decades. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the training in mental health during the undergraduate course offered to residents in Internal Medicine and analyze the feelings, perceptions, and stigmas of these physicians regarding the care offered to patients with mental disorders. Method: This study has a qualitative, quantitative approach and descriptive, cross-sectional design. Thirty-two residents in Internal Medicine participated and, for comparison, the questionnaires were also answered by 8 residents in Psychiatry. Two instruments were applied: one for the characterization of the participants’ sociodemographic profile and the attribution questionnaire (AQ-26B). Qualitative data were obtained through a focus group with 14 residents and the content analysis was used for categorization. The most frequent categories were illustrated with Pareto charts. Results: The results demonstrated that residents in internal medicine showed higher indexes of stigma regarding aspects such as fear and intolerance. It was also possible to infer gaps related to training in mental health, low perception of care responsibility, in addition to the difficulty in legitimizing complaints and showing negative feelings. Conclusion: One can conclude the need for educational interventions that promote the decrease of the stigma and the search for training regarding comprehensive and empathic care for patients with mental disorders.

scholarly journals Depression, sleeping pattern & suicidal ideation among medical students in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional pilot study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tasdik Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Status ◽  
Suicidal Tendency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Poor Mental Health Status

Background: Depression is a major morbidity and the most common mental disorder among the medical students in medical schools globally. Undergraduate students suffer stress more due to their academic curriculum than the students of other faculties. In low resource settings like Bangladesh, there is a dearth in research on mental health of undergraduate medical students. This pilot study was conducted to add to the existing limited evidence by reporting the prevalence of depression, describing sleeping pattern &amp; suicidal tendencies among medical students. Relevantly, we have investigated to the overall mental health status among the medical students in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two medical colleges of Dhaka in between July 2013 to December 2013, among 221 Bangladeshi medical students from first to fifth year. By convenient sampling technique, data were collected by a pretested, structured, self-administered questionnaire and analysis was done by SPSS 18.0 version. Depression were assessed by validated PHQ-9 tool among the respondents. Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used for assessing overall mental health status. Results: Depression was found in 38.9% of participants with 3.6%, 14.5%, 20.8% of being either severe, moderate and mild depression respectively. 17.6% medical students had suicidal tendency or attempted suicide at least for once after attending medical school. The sleeping hours were inadequate and altered after starting this stressful academic course. 33.5% medical students had poor mental health status. There was a statistically significant association between poor mental health status with age group of less than 22 years and initial academic study year (1st to 3rd of MBBS).Conclusion: The findings are suggestive of a higher prevalence of depression among early year medical students and marginal predominance in males. Suicidal tendency is also higher. These calls for further investigation with situation analysis, qualitative explorations and surveys to explore the burden of such disorders in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Factors influence mental health in adolescents

PUINOVAKESMAS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Alva Cherry Mustamu ◽  
Nur Hafni Hasim ◽  
Furaida Khasanah
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Emotional Disturbances ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Simple Logistic

The mental condition of adolescents and children in Indonesia is currently alarming. Adolescents are vulnerable to various problems at the stage of development such as mental and emotional problems related to emotional disturbances, depression, resistance and behavioral disorders. the behavior or actions that arise by each individual depends on the emotional and thought conditions that arise before they decide to do something. The research is a descriptive analytic study with cross-sectional design aimed to determine the conditions that affect mental health in 80 teenage students of SMK Negeri 1 Sorong. The measuring instrument used was a questionnaire. simple logistic regression analysis test results show that parenting style, motivation and discipline simultaneously have an effect on adolescent mental health with a significance value (0,000 <0.005). Discipline, learning motivation has an influence on adolescent mental health with a significance value (0,000 <0.005) but parenting does not affect adolescent mental health with a significance value (0.382> 0.005).  Adolescents need support including the environment to prevent mental disorders because it has a close relationship with academic success.

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