scholarly journals Oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates in bovine milk and colostrum

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (S1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod K. Gopal ◽  
H. S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Competitive Inhibitors

Oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates are some of the most important bioactive components in milk. A great deal of information is available on the biological function of the components from human milk. Their primary role seems to be in providing protection against pathogens by acting as competitive inhibitors for the binding sites on the epithelial surfaces of the intestine. Evidence is also available to support the role of some of these components as growth promoters for genera of beneficial microflora in the colon. Compared with human milk, levels of oligosaccharides in bovine milk are very low. Nevertheless, a number of neutral and acidic oligosaccharides have been isolated from bovine milk and characterised. The highest concentration of these molecules is found in early postparturition milk (colostrum). The chemical structure of the oligosaccharides and many of the glycoconjugates from bovine milk are similar to those in human milk. It is likely that bovine oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates can be used in milk products as bioactive components in human nutrition.

scholarly journals Changes to the Oligosaccharide Profile of Bovine Milk at the Onset of Lactation

Dairy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-296
Author(s):  
Erinn M. Quinn ◽  
Tom F. O’Callaghan ◽  
John T. Tobin ◽  
John Paul Murphy ◽  
Katie Sugrue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Free Oligosaccharides

Numerous bioactive components exist in human milk including free oligosaccharides, which represent some of the most important, and provide numerous health benefits to the neonate. Considering the demonstrated value of these compounds, much interest lies in characterising structurally similar oligosaccharides in the dairy industry. In this study, the impacts of days post-parturition and parity of the cows on the oligosaccharide and lactose profiles of their milk were evaluated. Colostrum and milk samples were obtained from 18 cows 1–5 days after parturition. Three distinct phases were identified using multivariate analysis: colostrum (day 0), transitional milk (days 1–2) and mature milk (days 3–5). LS-tetrasaccharide c, lacto-N-neotetraose, disialyllacto-N-tetraose, 3’-sial-N-acetyllactosamine, 3’-sialyllactose, lacto-N-neohexaose and disialyllactose were found to be highly affiliated with colostrum. Notably, levels of lactose were at their lowest concentration in the colostrum and substantially increased 1-day post-parturition. The cow’s parity was also shown to have a significant effect on the oligosaccharide profile, with first lactation cows containing more disialyllacto-N-tetraose, 6’-sialyllactose and LS-tetrasaccharide compared to cows in their second or third parity. Overall, this study identifies key changes in oligosaccharide and lactose content that clearly distinguish colostrum from transitional and mature milk and may facilitate the collection of specific streams with divergent biological functions.

scholarly journals Sequence-based GWAS and post-GWAS analyses reveal a key role of SLC37A1, ANKH, and regulatory regions on bovine milk mineral content

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pierre Sanchez ◽  
Dominique Rocha ◽  
Mathieu Charles ◽  
Mekki Boussaha ◽  
Chris Hozé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Positional Candidate ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Regulatory Snps

AbstractThe mineral composition of bovine milk plays an important role in determining its nutritional and cheese-making value. Concentrations of the main minerals predicted from mid-infrared spectra produced during milk recording, combined with cow genotypes, provide a unique opportunity to decipher the genetic determinism of these traits. The present study included 1 million test-day predictions of Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, and citrate content from 126,876 Montbéliarde cows, of which 19,586 had genotype data available. All investigated traits were highly heritable (0.50–0.58), with the exception of Na (0.32). A sequence-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) detected 50 QTL (18 affecting two to five traits) and positional candidate genes and variants, mostly located in non-coding sequences. In silico post-GWAS analyses highlighted 877 variants that could be regulatory SNPs altering transcription factor (TF) binding sites or located in non-coding RNA (mainly lncRNA). Furthermore, we found 47 positional candidate genes and 45 TFs highly expressed in mammary gland compared to 90 other bovine tissues. Among the mammary-specific genes, SLC37A1 and ANKH, encoding proteins involved in ion transport were located in the most significant QTL. This study therefore highlights a comprehensive set of functional candidate genes and variants that affect milk mineral content.

scholarly journals Anti-Infective, Anti-Inflammatory, and Immunomodulatory Properties of Breast Milk Factors for the Protection of Infants in the Pandemic From COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasqua Anna Quitadamo ◽  
Laura Comegna ◽  
Pierpaolo Cristalli
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

COVID-19 pandemic since the end of 2019 spreads worldwide, counting millions of victims. The viral invasion, systemic inflammation, and consequent organ failure are the gravest features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and they are associated with a high mortality rate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of breast milk in the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing its antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory effects due to its bioactive components, so numerous and important for the protection of infants. The study tried to demonstrate that all the components of human milk are capable of performing functions on all the pathogenic events recognized and described in COVID-19 disease. Those human milk factors are well-tolerated and practically free of side effects, so breast milk should become a research topic to discover therapies even in this epidemic. In the first part, the mechanisms of protection and defense of the breast milk elements will be delineated; in the second section, it will describe the human milk effects in viral infections and it will be hypothesized how the known mechanisms could act in COVID infection.

scholarly journals Influence of Maternal Milk on the Neonatal Intestinal Microbiome

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathyayini P. Gopalakrishna ◽  
Timothy W. Hand
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
Health And Disease

The intestinal microbiome plays an important role in maintaining health throughout life. The microbiota develops progressively after birth and is influenced by many factors, including the mode of delivery, antibiotics, and diet. Maternal milk is critically important to the development of the neonatal intestinal microbiota. Different bioactive components of milk, such as human milk oligosaccharides, lactoferrin, and secretory immunoglobulins, modify the composition of the neonatal microbiota. In this article, we review the role of each of these maternal milk-derived bioactive factors on the microbiota and how this modulation of intestinal bacteria shapes health, and disease.

scholarly journals Natural Products as Modulators of the Proteostasis Machinery: Implications in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Cuanalo-Contreras ◽  
Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Protein Homeostasis ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Damage Protein

Proteins play crucial and diverse roles within the cell. To exert their biological function they must fold to acquire an appropriate three-dimensional conformation. Once their function is fulfilled, they need to be properly degraded to hamper any possible damage. Protein homeostasis or proteostasis comprises a complex interconnected network that regulates different steps of the protein quality control, from synthesis and folding, to degradation. Due to the primary role of proteins in cellular function, the integrity of this network is critical to assure functionality and health across lifespan. Proteostasis failure has been reported in the context of aging and neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Therefore, targeting the proteostasis elements emerges as a promising neuroprotective therapeutic approach to prevent or ameliorate the progression of these disorders. A variety of natural products are known to be neuroprotective by protein homeostasis interaction. In this review, we will focus on the current knowledge regarding the use of natural products as modulators of different components of the proteostasis machinery within the framework of age-associated neurodegenerative diseases.

Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

Sports Photography and Historical Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-115
Author(s):  
Miloš Stamenković
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Primary Role

SummarySports photography undoubtedly has a significant place in sports press and publicism. It’s main and primary role is to present sports to the readers as art, which it is. Sport is characterized by dynamic and varied movements, and the main role of sports photography is reflected in the fact that it is in this way that sport shows its essence. Having in mind that photography tells more than a thousand words it sends a clear message to the reader as well to people who are informed about events via sports portals. Sports photography is a multidimensional art for many reasons. When we say “multi”, it primarily refers to a wider range that sports photography has to offer, which means sports photography is not only directed at presenting athletes on the move and the main actors who contribute to achieving the results by their engagement – it also has the role of sports “psychophotography” which is an analysis and capture of the emotional reaction of an athlete after winning or losing from the opposing team.

OBOLESCENCE AND THE DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-130
Author(s):  
A.V. GOLUBEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Sociological Studies

The diffusion of innovations is described as a process in a number of scientific papers. At the same time, the causes of this process have not been sufficiently studied. The author’s goal is to consider the main regularities, under which the life cycle of innovations begins, and propose measures to enhance diffusion in modern conditions. As a scientific hypothesis, the author accepts the postulate about the primary role of the obolescence of attracted innovations in this process. The analysis revealed not only the economic proportions that initiate the start of innovation promotion, but also the influence on the diffusion rate of the obsolescence degree of innovations and the market share occupied by the new product. Methodological approaches have been developed to determine economic efficiency depending on the moment of technological change-over, as well as to determine the absolute and relative speed of innovation diffusion. Sociological studies were conducted to determine the state of innovation development and the time lag between obtaining information about an innovation and its practical implementation. The author presents his “Agroopyt” information system developed to disseminate knowledge in the agricultural sphere and ensure technology transfer in agriculture. Digital methods provide for significant accelerateion of the diffusion of innovations and expand its scope.

Aurora Kinase Inhibitors in Head and Neck Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-213
Author(s):  
Guangying Qi ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Sisi Mi ◽  
Takaaki Tsunematsu ◽  
Shengjian Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Aurora Kinase ◽  
Aurora Kinases ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Aurora Kinase Inhibitors

Aurora kinases are a group of serine/threonine kinases responsible for the regulation of mitosis. In recent years, with the increase in Aurora kinase-related research, the important role of Aurora kinases in tumorigenesis has been gradually recognized. Aurora kinases have been regarded as a new target for cancer therapy, resulting in the development of Aurora kinase inhibitors. The study and application of these small-molecule inhibitors, especially in combination with chemotherapy drugs, represent a new direction in cancer treatment. This paper reviews studies on Aurora kinases from recent years, including studies of their biological function, their relationship with tumor progression, and their inhibitors.

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