scholarly journals No difference in acute effects of supplementalv.dietary calcium on blood pressure and microvascular function in obese women challenged with a high-fat meal: a cross-over randomised study

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 1564-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Priscila Mansur Leal ◽  
Vanessa Parada Antunes ◽  
Antonio Felipe Sanjuliani ◽  
Márcia Regina Simas Torres Klein
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Microvascular Function ◽  
Laser Speckle ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
Fat Meal

AbstractRecent studies suggest that supplemental Ca (SC) increases the risk of cardiovascular events, whereas dietary Ca (DC) decreases the risk of cardiovascular events. Although frequently consumed with meals, it remains unclear whether Ca can mitigate or aggravate the deleterious effects of a high-fat meal on cardiovascular risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SC or DC on blood pressure (BP) and microvascular function (MVF) in the postprandial period in obese women challenged with a high-fat meal. In this cross-over controlled trial, sixteen obese women aged 20–50 years were randomly assigned to receive three test meals (2908 kJ (695 kcal); 48 % fat): high DC (HDCM; 547 mg DC), high SC (HSCM; 500 mg SC–calcium carbonate) and low Ca (LCM; 42 mg DC). BP was continuously evaluated from 15 min before to 120 min after meals by digital photoplethysmography. Before and 120 min after meals, participants underwent evaluation of serum Ca and microvascular flow after postocclusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH) by laser speckle contrast imaging. Ionised serum Ca rose significantly only after HSCM. Systolic BP increased after the three meals, whereas diastolic BP increased after LCM and HDCM. Hyperaemia peak, hyperaemia amplitude and AUC evaluated after PORH decreased with LCM. After HDCM, there was a reduction in hyperaemia peak and hyperaemia amplitude, whereas HSCM decreased only hyperaemia peak. However, comparative analyses of the effects of three test meals on serum Ca, BP and MVF revealed no significant meal×time interaction. This study suggests that in obese women SC and DC do not interfere with the effects of a high-fat meal on BP and MVF.

scholarly journals The influence of dietary and supplemental calcium on postprandial effects of a high-fat meal on lipaemia, glycaemia, C-reactive protein and adiponectin in obese women

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 607-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís da S. Ferreira ◽  
Vanessa P. Antunes ◽  
Priscila M. Leal ◽  
Antonio F. Sanjuliani ◽  
Márcia R. S. T. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Postprandial Lipaemia ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Fat Meal

AbstractNon-fasting hypertriacylglycerolaemia is a risk factor for CVD and the amount of fat in a meal seems to be the main factor influencing postprandial lipaemia. Although several studies suggest that Ca can increase faecal fat excretion, it is not known whether Ca can decrease postprandial TAG. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of dietary Ca (DC) and supplemental Ca (SC) on lipaemia, glucose metabolism, C-reactive protein (CRP) and adiponectin during postprandial period in obese women challenged with a high-fat meal. In this cross-over controlled trial, sixteen obese women aged 20–50 years were randomly assigned to receive three test meals (approximately 2900 kJ; 48 % fat): high DC (547 mg DC), high SC (HSCM; 500 mg SC-calcium carbonate) and low Ca (42 mg DC). Blood samples were collected in the fasting period and at minutes 120 and 240 after meals to evaluate total cholesterol and fractions, TAG, glucose, insulin, high-sensitivity CRP and adiponectin. Serum levels of TAG and insulin increased significantly after all test meals. Only after HSCM total cholesterol did not present a significant increase and LDL-cholesterol had a significant decrease. Postprandial glucose, HDL-cholesterol, CRP and adiponectin did not present significant changes after the three test meals. The comparative analysis of the effects of the three test meals on serum lipids, glucose, insulin, CRP and adiponectin revealed no significant meal-by-time interaction. These results suggest that in obese women challenged with a high-fat meal DC and SC do not interfere with postprandial lipaemia, glucose metabolism, CRP and adiponectin.

scholarly journals Acute Thermotherapy Prevents Impairments in Cutaneous Microvascular Function Induced by a High Fat Meal

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C. Harvey ◽  
Bruno T. Roseguini ◽  
Benjamin M. Goerger ◽  
Elizabeth A. Fallon ◽  
Brett J. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Microvascular Function ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cutaneous Vasodilation ◽  
Cutaneous Vascular Conductance ◽  
Initial Peak ◽  
Fat Meal

We tested the hypothesis that a high fat meal (HFM) would impair cutaneous vasodilation, while thermotherapy (TT) would reverse the detrimental effects. Eight participants were instrumented with skin heaters and laser-Doppler (LD) probes and tested in three trials: control, HFM, and HFM + TT. Participants wore a water-perfused suit perfused with 33°C (control and HFM) or 50°C (HFM + TT) water. Participants consumed 1 g fat/kg body weight. Blood samples were taken at baseline and two hours post-HFM. Blood pressure was measured every 5–10 minutes. Microvascular function was assessed via skin local heating from 33°C to 39°C two hours after HFM. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated and normalized to maximal vasodilation (%CVCmax). HFM had no effect on initial peak (48 ± 4 %CVCmax) compared to control (49 ± 4 %CVCmax) but attenuated the plateau (51 ± 4 %CVCmax) compared to control (63 ± 4 %CVCmax,P< 0.001). Initial peak was augmented in HFM + TT (66 ± 4 %CVCmax) compared to control and HFM (P< 0.05), while plateau (73 ± 3 %CVCmax) was augmented only compared to the HFM trial (P< 0.001). These data suggest that HFM negatively affects cutaneous vasodilation but can be minimized by TT.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Manipulative Acupuncture Therapy Monitored by LSCI Technology in Patients with Severe Bell’s Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Weizheng Zhong ◽  
Haibo Yu ◽  
Xiaodan Rao ◽  
Jianhuang Wu ◽  
Yanhua Gou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acupuncture Therapy ◽  
Facial Palsy ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Bell’S Palsy ◽  
Laser Speckle ◽  
Bell's Palsy ◽  
Contrast Imaging

To determine if the effect of manipulative acupuncture monitored by laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) can improve facial blood perfusion in patients with severe Bell’s palsy. This randomized, single-blind, controlled trial included 120 newly diagnosed patients (within 14 days) with severe Bell’s palsy (House–Brackmann grading system (HBGS) ≥ grade IV). The patients were randomized (1 : 1) to receive either acupoints acupuncture combined with manipulations of twirling, lifting, and thrusting treatments (manipulative acupuncture) or acupoints acupuncture therapy alone (simple acupuncture). These treatments consisted of a total of 24 sessions, three times per week, and each treatment lasted for 30 min. Following 8 weeks of treatment and 6 months after the initial onset of facial palsy, facial nerve functioning was scored (HBGS) and clinical efficacy was measured. The patients’ facial blood perfusion significantly improved following manipulative acupuncture assisted by LSCI compared with that at baseline ( P < 0.01 ). At the conclusion of the 8-week treatment, both groups showed improvement; however, the recovery rate was significantly different (manipulative acupuncture 53.3% vs. simple acupuncture 33.9%, P < 0.05 ). Follow-up analysis at 6 months after the onset of facial palsy revealed a significantly higher recovery rate (91.7% vs. 78.0%; P < 0.05 ). In addition, the number of treatments in the observation group was less than that in the simple acupuncture therapy group ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with simple acupuncture therapy, manipulative acupuncture therapy led to a more significant recovery rate in the treatment of severe Bell’s palsy and required a shorter course of treatment. This trial was registered with ChiCTR1800019463.

scholarly journals Assessment of Endothelial and Microvascular Function in CKD: Older and Newer Techniques, Associated Risk Factors, and Relations with Outcomes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Marieta P. Theodorakopoulou ◽  
Maria Schoina ◽  
Pantelis Sarafidis
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Microvascular Function ◽  
Laser Speckle ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Renal Disease Progression ◽  
Noninvasive Methods

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Endothelium is the inner cellular lining of the vessels that modulates multiple biological processes including vasomotor tone, permeability, inflammatory responses, hemostasis, and angiogenesis. Endothelial dysfunction, the basis of atherosclerosis, is characterized by an imbalance between endothelium-derived relaxing factors and endothelium-derived contracting factors. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Starting from the semi-invasive venous occlusion plethysmography, several functional techniques have been developed to evaluate microvascular function and subsequently used in patients with CKD. Flow-mediated dilatation of the forearm is considered to be the “gold standard,” while in the last years, novel, noninvasive methods such as laser speckle contrast imaging and near-infrared spectroscopy are scarcely used. Moreover, several circulating biomarkers of endothelial function have been used in studies in CKD patients. This review summarizes available functional methods and biochemical markers for the assessment of endothelial and microvascular function in CKD and discusses existing evidence on their associations with comorbid conditions and outcomes in this population. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> Accumulated evidence suggests that endothelial dysfunction occurs early in CKD and is associated with target organ damage, progression of renal injury, cardiovascular events, and mortality. Novel methods evaluating microvascular function can offer a detailed, real-time assessment of underlying phenomena and should be increasingly used to shed more light on the role of endothelial dysfunction on cardiovascular and renal disease progression in CKD.

scholarly journals The Postprandial Effect of Spice Consumption Delivered in a High-Fat Meal on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Overweight/Obese Men (OR12-06-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Oh ◽  
Kristina Petersen ◽  
Penny Kris-Etherton ◽  
Connie Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Science Institute ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Postprandial Inflammation ◽  
Fat Meal

Abstract Objectives Postprandial lipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The postprandial inflammation that occurs concurrently with lipidemia following ingestion of a high-fat meal (HFM) may contribute to this association. Numerous individual spices have anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo in animal models and humans. However, the effect of consumption of a spice blend on inflammatory mediators has not been examined in humans in a randomized controlled trial. The objective of this study was to investigate the postprandial effect of spice consumption delivered in a HFM on inflammatory cytokine responses. Methods Overweight/obese (BMI ≥25 and ≤35 kg/m2), nonsmoking, men (40–65 years old) with elevated waist circumference (≥94 cm) and at least one other risk factor for cardiovascular disease were recruited for a 3-period crossover study (n = 12). In random order, participants consumed the following dietary interventions: 1) a HFM (1076 kcal, 39% kcal from saturated fat), 2) a HFM containing 2 g of spice blend, or 3) a HFM containing 6 g of spice blend with a ≥3-day washout period between each test meal. The spice blend consisted of black pepper, basil, bay leaf, cinnamon, coriander, cumin, ginger, oregano, parsley, rosemary, red pepper, thyme and turmeric. Participants fasted overnight and blood was collected before, and hourly for four hours after the HFM. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated at each time point, and the number of monocytes (CD14+/HLA-DR+) were quantified by flow cytometry. PBMCs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1) were quantified by ELISA in the supernatants. Results Monocyte number (P = 0.001), and the secretion of IL-1β (P = 0.036) and TNF-α (P = 0.046) from LPS-stimulated PBMCs were significantly elevated during the four-hour time period after HFM consumption compared to the baseline. However, the presence of 6 g of spice in the HFM reduced the secretion of IL-6 (P = 0.046), IL-8 (P = 0.031), TNF-α (P = 0.001) and MCP-1 (P = 0.063) from PBMCs at 60 min after the meal. Conclusions Consumption of a HFM containing a spice blend attenuated postprandial inflammation in overweight/obese men. Funding Sources McCormick Science Institute; Penn State Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Neuroendocrine Responses to a High Carbohydrate and a High Fat Meal in Healthy Young Subjects

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Heseltine ◽  
J. F. Potter ◽  
G. Hartley ◽  
I. A. MacDonald ◽  
O. F. W. James
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Neuroendocrine Responses ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Fat Meal ◽  
Carbohydrate Meal

1. The responses of blood pressure, heart rate, autonomic function and plasma insulin to a high carbohydrate and a high fat meal of equivalent energy value were studied in nine young volunteers. 2. Neither meal produced a significant change in supine or erect blood pressure. The high carbohydrate meal, however, resulted in an overall rise in both supine (6 beats/min) and erect (6 beats/min; P < 0.05) heart rate, no such changes being seen after the high fat meal. 3. Plasma noradrenaline levels increased by a maximum of 126% at 90 min (0.98 to 2.22 nmol/l) after the high carbohydrate meal but were virtually unchanged after the high fat meal (P < 0.01). Parasympathetic function showed no between-meal differences. Plasma insulin and glucose levels were significantly higher after the high carbohydrate meal than after the high fat meal. No postprandial difference in packed cell volume was found between meal types. 4. We conclude that, in young subjects, the postprandial blood pressure after a high carbohydrate meal is maintained by an increase in heart rate associated with increased sympathetic nervous system activity. These changes are at variance with the blood pressure and heart rate responses seen in the elderly after a high carbohydrate meal. A high fat meal has no significant cardiovascular or neuroendocrine effects in the young or old. The nutrient composition of meals has to be taken into account when studying the postprandial cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses in the young.

scholarly journals Reproducibility and normalization of reactive hyperemia using laser speckle contrast imaging

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244795
Author(s):  
Behnia Rezazadeh Shirazi ◽  
Rudy J. Valentine ◽  
James A. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Microvascular Function ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Laser Speckle ◽  
Maximal Flow ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging ◽  
Speckle Contrast

Background Impaired perfusion indices signal potential microvascular dysfunction preceding atherosclerosis and other cardiometabolic pathologies. Post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH), a vasodilatory response following a mechanically induced ischemia, is a transient increase in perfusion and can assess microvascular function. The greatest blood flow change corresponding to the first minute of hyperemia (represented by time-to-peak, hyperemic velocity, AUC within 1st min) has been shown to indicate microvascular dysfunction. However, the reproducibility of these temporal kinetic indices of the PORH response is unknown. Our aim was to examine the inter- and intra-day reproducibility and standardization of reactive hyperemia, with emphasis on the kinetic indices of PORH, using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) technique. Methods and results Seventeen healthy adults (age = 24 ± 3 years) completed three PORH bouts over two lab visits. LSCI region of interest was a standardized 10 cm region on the dominant ventral forearm. A 5-min brachial artery occlusion period induced by inflating an arm cuff to 200 mmHg, preceded a 4-min hyperemic period. Inter- and intra-day reliability and reproducibility of cutaneous vascular conductance (LSCI flux / mean arterial pressure) were determined using intraclass correlation (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV%). Maximal flow and area under the curve standardized to zero perfusion showed intra- and inter-day reliability (ICC > 0.70). Time to maximal flow (TMF) was not reproducible (inter-day CV = 18%). However, alternative kinetic indices such as 1-min AUC and overshoot rate-of-change (ORC), represented as a piecewise function (at 5s, 10s, 15s, and 20s into hyperemia), were reproducible (CV< 11%). Biological zero was a reliable normalization point. Conclusion PORH measured with LSCI is a reliable assessment of microvascular function. However, TMF or its derived hyperemic velocity are not recommended for longitudinal assessment. Piecewise ORC and 1-min AUC are reliable alternatives to assess the kinetic response of PORH.

Circulating adrenomedullin and B-type natriuretic peptide do not predict blood pressure fluctuations during pheochromocytoma resection - a cross-sectional study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika M.a. Berends ◽  
Edward Buitenwerf ◽  
Ineke Riphagen ◽  
Jacques Wm Lenders ◽  
Henri Jlm Timmers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Median Plasma

Background: despite adequate presurgical management, blood pressure fluctuations are common during resection of pheochromocytoma or sympathetic paraganglioma (PPGL). To a large extent, the variability in blood pressure control during PPGL resection remains unexplained. Adrenomedullin and B-type natriuretic peptide, measured as MR-proADM and NT-proBNP, respectively, are circulating biomarkers of cardiovascular dysfunction. We investigated whether plasma levels of MR-proADM and NT-proBNP are associated with blood pressure fluctuations during PPGL resection. Methods: study subjects participated in PRESCRIPT, a randomized controlled trial in patients undergoing PPGL resection. MR-proADM and NT-proBNP were determined in a single plasma sample drawn before surgery. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were used to explore associations between these biomarkers and blood pressure fluctuations, use of vasoconstrictive agents during surgery as well as occurrence of perioperative cardiovascular events. Results: a total of 126 PPGL patients were included. Median plasma concentrations of MR-proADM and NT-proBNP were 0.51 [0.41-0.63] nmol/L and 68.7 [27.9-150.4] ng/L, respectively. Neither MR-proADM or NT-proBNP were associated with blood pressure fluctuations. There was a positive correlation between MR-proADM concentration and the cumulative dose of vasoconstrictive agents (β 0.44 , P=0.001). Both MR-proADM and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with perioperative cardiovascular events (OR 5.46, P= 0.013 and OR 1.54, P= 0.017, respectively). Conclusions: plasma MR-proADM or NT-proBNP should not be considered biomarkers for the presurgical risk assessment of blood pressure fluctuations during PPGL resection. Future studies are needed to explore the potential influence of these biomarkers on the intraoperative requirement of vasoconstrictive agents and the perioperative cardiovascular risk.

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