scholarly journals Organic zinc absorption by the intestine of broilersin vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (8) ◽  
pp. 1086-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Yu ◽  
Lin Lu ◽  
Su-Fen Li ◽  
Li-Yang Zhang ◽  
Xu-Gang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Organic Zinc ◽  
Zn Addition ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Acid Chelate ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Hepatic Portal ◽  
Organic Zn

AbstractIn Expt 1, a Zn-unsupplemented basal diet (control) and the basal diet supplemented with one of four different Zn sources, including ZnSO4, Zn-amino acid chelate with a weak chelation strength (Zn-AA W), Zn-protein chelate with a moderate chelation strength (Zn-Pro M) and Zn-protein chelate with a strong chelation strength (Zn-Pro S) were fed to broiler chickens from days 14 to 28. On day 28, Zn content in plasma from the hepatic portal vein increased (P<0·05) in the following order: control<ZnSO4<Zn-AA W<Zn-Pro M<Zn-Pro S. Meanwhile, metallothionein (MT) mRNA levels in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were enhanced (P<0·05) by Zn addition regardless of Zn source. However, no differences among different Zn sources were observed. In Expt 2, ligated duodenal loops from Zn-deficient broilers (28-d old) were perfused with solutions containing 0–2·464 mmol Zn/l from the above-mentioned four Zn sources for up to 30 min. The uptake kinetics of Zn followed a saturable carrier-mediated process. The maximum absorption velocity values were in the following order: control<ZnSO4<Zn-AA W<Zn-Pro M<Zn-Pro S. Moreover, MT mRNA levels for Zn-Pro S (P<0·03), Zn-Pro M (P>0·05) and Zn-AA W(P<0·04) were higher than those for ZnSO4. These findings indicate that organic Zn absorption (especially Zn-Pro S) in intact living broilers was more effective than that of inorganic Zn; organic Zn absorption in the ligated duodenal segment was a saturable carrier-mediated process similar to that of ZnSO4. Moreover, except for MT, there might be other Zn transporters involved in Zn absorption that are affected by different Zn sources.

scholarly journals The Effect of Inorganic or Organic Zinc on the Morphology of the Intestine in Broiler Chickens

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Levkut ◽  
M. Fukasová ◽  
K. Bobíková ◽  
M. Levkutová ◽  
K. Čobanová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Organic Zinc ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

AbstractThis study compared the effect of dietary supplementation with an inorganic or organic zinc source on the gut morphology in the jejunum of broilers. One-day-old chickens were fed a basal diet (Control group: BD — 32 mg Zn.kg−1DM), or the same BD supplemented with 30 mg or 70 mg of Zn per kg of DM in the form of ZnSO4.H2O (Group 1: 30 mg ZnSO4; Group 2: 70 mg ZnSO4), and 30 mg or 70 mg of Zn per kg of DM in the form of zinc chelate of glycine hydrate (Group 3: 30 mg Zn-Gly; Group 4: 70 mg Zn-Gly) for 40 days. The villus height was increased in the groups which received 30 mg ZnSO4and 70 mg ZnSO4and or 70 mg ZnSO4, as compared to the BD and 30 mg Zn-Gly. The villus surface was higher in all groups receiving the Zn supplements in comparison to the BD.

Effect of feeding butoxybutyl alcohol on the growth performance and status of skeletal muscle proteolysis in broiler chickens

2015 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 920-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. KAMIZONO ◽  
D. SAPUTRA ◽  
I. MIURA ◽  
M. KIKUSATO ◽  
K. HAYASHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Protein ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Protein Degradation

SUMMARYButoxybutyl alcohol (BBA) is a possible growth promoter contained in the fermentation and distillation by-products of a traditional Japanese spirit, shochu. In the present study, BBA was synthesized and its chemical structure was confirmed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Then, two studies were conducted to investigate the effects of feeding the synthesized BBA on the growth and skeletal muscle proteolysis of broiler chickens. Ross male broiler chickens were divided into two groups, control (basal diet: 219 g crude protein/kg and 12·66 MJ metabolizable energy/kg) and BBA diet (30 mg BBA/kg basal diet), with the experimental diets being provided from 15 to 27 days and 0 to 27 days of age, for Studies 1 and 2, respectively. Butoxybutyl alcohol supplementation increased final body weight in both studies, whereas feed intake was unchanged, thereby indicating significantly increased feed efficiency. Furthermore, the synthesized BBA increased the weights of the pectoralis superficialis and profundus muscles, and the leg. The BBA decreased the Nτ-methylhistidine concentration in the excrement and plasma, which are indices of the rate of skeletal muscle protein degradation. It also decreased the mRNA levels of μ-calpain large subunit, atrogin-1/muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx), ubiquitin and 20S proteasome C2 subunit. These suggest that growth promotion due to the feeding of synthesized BBA is caused by the suppression of skeletal muscle protein degradation, which is related to a decrease in gene expression in the calpain and ubiquitin–proteasome systems.

scholarly journals Changes in the Antioxidant and Mineral Status of Rabbits After Administration of Dietary Zinc and/or Thyme Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Kucková ◽  
L'ubomíra Grešáková ◽  
Margaréta Takácsová ◽  
Anna Kandričáková ◽  
L'ubica Chrastinová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dietary Zinc ◽  
Mineral Status ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Organic Zinc ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Organic Zn ◽  
The Impact

This study was aimed at determining the impact of organic zinc (Zn) and thyme extract (TE) administration, given alone or together for 6 weeks, on the antioxidant and mineral status (Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn) in the plasma and tissues of growing rabbits. A total of 96 rabbits of age 35 days were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: a control group (C), a Zn group supplemented with dietary zinc (50 mg/kg), a TE group receiving thyme extract applied in drinking water (1 ml/L), and a Zn + TE group treated with both additives. Lipid peroxidation in the plasma was influenced by Zn intake and in the kidney was affected by both the Zn and TE treatment (P &lt; 0.05). Zn supplementation led to a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase activity (P = 0.017), total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.009) and total thiol groups level (P = 0.047) in the kidney, with the highest values occurring in rabbits receiving the combination Zn + TE. Administration of TE influenced Zn content in the kidney (P &lt; 0.001), while zinc intake decreased Cu concentration in muscle (P = 0.021). In conclusion, the simultaneous administration of organic Zn and TE positively affected the antioxidant response of kidneys and can be used for improving the antioxidant status of growing rabbits.

Effect of graded concentration of organic Zinc (Zinc glycinate) on antioxidants status and immune response in commercial broilers

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sridhar ◽  
D. Nagalakshmi ◽  
D. Srinivasa Rao ◽  
S. V. Rama Rao
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Organic Zinc ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Peroxidase Enzyme ◽  
Organic Zn

One hundred and twenty day old commercial broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 4 dietary groups, with 6 replicates of 5 birds in each and reared for 42 days under uniform management conditions to study the effect of organic zinc (zinc glycinate; Zn-gly) supplemented at lower levels (30, 20 and 10 ppm) on antioxidant status and immune response in comparison to NRC (1994) recommended levels (40 ppm) of Zn supplemented from inorganic source (ZnSO4). The dietary treatments were corn soybean meal basal diet supplemented with 40 ppm Zn from ZnSO4 (inorganic) (control) and 30, 20 and 10 ppm Zn from Zn-gly (organic). Antioxidant enzyme levels and antibody titres against New castle disease (ND) vaccine (humoral immunity) were estimated on 35th d and oxidative stress markers from liver on 42nd d. On 40th d, the cell mediated immunity (CMI) was assessed as cutaneous basophilic hypertrophy to phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P). The lipid peroxidation in haemolysate (P<0.05) lowered in birds with 30 ppm Zn supplemented as Zn-gly compared to 20 and 10 ppm Zn from Zn-gly and 40 ppm Zn from ZnSO4. The Glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity was higher (P<0.05) with 30 ppm Zn as Zn-gly compared to control. The CMI was sgnificantly (P<0.05) high at 30 ppm Zn supplemented as Zn-gly compared to 40 ppm Zn as ZnSO4 and other organic Zn groups. The SOD activity, humoral and cell mediated immune resonse when fed 20 ppm Zn as Zn-gly was comparable to those on 40 ppm Zn as ZnSO4. The results of the study indicated that reducing the level of Zn from inorganic source (40 ppm) to 50 % (20 ppm) supplementation from Zn-gly can result in comparable immune and antioxidant status in broiler chicks.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotype and Genotype of Generic Escherichia coli from Encapsulated Cinnamaldehyde and Citral Fed-Broiler Chicken

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongwu Yang ◽  
Muhammad Attiq Rehman ◽  
Xianhua Yin ◽  
Catherine D Carrilloc ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Relationship Of

This study investigated the effects of in-feed encapsulated cinnamaldehyde (CIN) and citral (CIT) alone or in combination (CIN+CIT) on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes and genotypes of E. coli isolated from feces of 6-, 16-, 23- and 27-days old broiler chickens. The five dietary treatments including the basal diet (control; NC), the basal diet supplemented with 55 ppm bacitracin (BAC), 100 ppm encapsulated CIN, CIT, or CIN+CIT. Antimicrobial susceptibility using a Sensititre method of 240 E. coli isolates showed that the most frequent resistances were against b-lactam, aminoglycoside, sulfonamide and tetracycline, however, the prevalence of AMR decreased (P &lt; 0.05) when birds aged in general. The prevalence of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, gentamicin, and sulfonamide was lower (P &lt; 0.05) in isolates from CIN or CIN+CIT compared to those from NC or BAC. The whole-genome sequencing analysis of 227 of the 240 isolates detected 26 AMR genes (ARGs) and 19 plasmids but the prevalence of some ARGs and plasmid numbers were lower (P &lt; 0.05) in E. coli isolated from CIN or CIN+CIT than NC or BAC. The most prevalent resistance genes included tet(A) (n=108), aac3_Vla (n=91), aadA1 (n=86), blaCMY-2 (n=78), sul1 (n=77), aph3_lb (n=58), aph6_ld (n=58), and sul2 (n=24). Interestingly, the number of most virulence genes (VGs) increased (P &lt; 0.05) over time from 6 to 27 days of age. The prevalence of isolates of serotype O21:H16 was lower (P &lt; 0.05) in CIN and CIN+CIT while colibacillosis-associated multi-locus sequence typing (ST117) was the most prevalent in isolates from day 23. A whole genome-based phylogenetic tree revealed a close relationship of 25 of 227 isolates to human or broiler extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. This study indicates that AMR and virulence genotypes of E. coli could be modulated by encapsulated CIN or CIN+CIT feed supplementations and prompt further investigations on the involved mechanisms.

scholarly journals Determination of dietary iron requirements by full expression of iron-containing cytochrome c oxidase in the heart of broilers from 22 to 42 d of age

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiudong Liao ◽  
Chunyan Ma ◽  
Lin Lu ◽  
Liyang Zhang ◽  
Xugang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Full Expression ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Soyabean Meal

AbstractThe present study was carried out to determine dietary Fe requirements for the full expression of Fe-containing enzyme in broilers chicks from 22 to 42 d of age. At 22 d of age, 288 Arbor Acres male chicks were randomly assigned to one of six treatments with six replicates and fed a basal maize–soyabean-meal diet (control, containing 47·0 mg Fe/kg) or the basal diet supplemented with 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 mg Fe/kg from FeSO4.7H2O for 21 d. Regression analysis was performed to estimate the optimal dietary Fe level using quadratic models. Liver cytochrome c oxidase (Cox), heartCoxand kidney succinate dehydrogenase mRNA levels as well as heart COX activity were affected (P<0·08) by dietary Fe level, and COX mRNA level and activity in heart of broilers increased quadratically (P<0·03) as dietary Fe level increased. The estimates of dietary Fe requirements were 110 and 104 mg/kg for the full expression ofCoxmRNA and for its activity in the heart of broilers, respectively. The results from this study indicate that COX mRNA level and activity in the heart are new and sensitive criteria to evaluate the dietary Fe requirements of broilers, and the dietary Fe requirements would be 104–110 mg/kg to support the full expression of COX in the heart of broiler chicks from 22 to 42 d of age, which are higher than the current National Research Council Fe requirement (80 mg/kg) of broiler chicks from 1 to 21 d or 22 to 42 d of age.

scholarly journals The influence of baical skullcap root (Scutellaria baicalensis radix) in the diet of broiler chickens on the chemical composition of the muscles, selected performance traits of the animals and the sensory characteristics of the meat

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kroliczewska ◽  
W. Zawadzki ◽  
T. Skiba ◽  
W. Kopec ◽  
J. Kroliczewski
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Diet Control

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the baical skullcap root (<I>Scutellaria baicalensis radix</I>) on the performance, chemical composition of the muscles and sensory characteristics of the meat of broiler chickens. 120 one-day old Hubbard Hi-Y broiler hybrids were assigned to four groups of 30 each and fed either a basal diet (control) or a basal diet supplemented with 0.5%, 1.0% or 1.5% ground root of skullcap. The body weight, weight gain, feed consumption and feed : gain ratio were calculated after 42 days. The addition of the ground baical skullcap root to the fodder had no effect on the quality or chemical composition of the breast and leg muscles of the broiler chickens. However, it positively influenced some of the performance characteristics of the chickens.

scholarly journals Immune-Related Gene Expression Profiling of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Supplemented with Vinification Byproducts: A Valorization Approach II

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3038
Author(s):  
Alexandros Mavrommatis ◽  
Panagiotis E. Simitzis ◽  
Panagiota Kyriakaki ◽  
Elisavet Giamouri ◽  
Eleni D. Myrtsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
The Impact

The valorization of vinification byproducts portrays a promising bioprocess for the enrichment of animals’ diet with bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, which could regulate the immune response. Therefore, the impact of dietary grounded grape pomace (GGP), wine lees extract (WYC), and grape stem extract (PE) on the relative transcript level of immune related genes of broiler chickens were examined. Two hundred forty, one-day-old as hatched (male/female) chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to four dietary groups, with four replicate pens each with 15 birds. Birds were fed either a basal diet (CON) or the basal diet supplemented with 2.5% GGP, or 0.2% WYC, or 0.1% PE for 42 d. The relative expression of immune-related genes was investigated using a real-time PCR platform. The mRNA levels of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) were downregulated (p = 0.039) in the liver of broilers fed the GGP-containing diet compared to the CON, while in the spleen of PE-fed broilers, TLR4 was significantly upregulated (p = 0.043). The mRNA levels of interleukin 8 (IL8) tended to upregulate (p = 0.099) in the bursa of Fabricius and were significantly increased (p = 0.036) in the spleen of broilers fed the PE diet. Vinification byproducts depict a promising sustainable source of polyphenols for the poultry feed industry, but more research is needed under field conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of age on immune function in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bochen Song ◽  
Dazhi Tang ◽  
Shaojia Yan ◽  
Hao Fan ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Cell Ratio ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Ifn Γ

Abstract Background There are many diseases in poultry, many of which are caused by poor immune function. It is not clear how cytokines and various immune cell functions change with age in modern broilers. The purpose of this study was to explore the patterns of development of the immunity of the broiler chickens in cage. Results The results showed that there were 3 development patterns of immunity in the broiler chickens. The first pattern was Down-Up. Cytokines and some immune indicators first decreased and then increased, and the lowest levels of immunity basically occurred from d 6 to 13. The second pattern was Up-Down, and from d 30 to 34, the highest levels of non-specific cellular immunity components, such as the peripheral blood mononuclear macrophage ratio, specific cellular immunity components, such as the peripheral blood helper T (Th) cell ratio and T cell and B cell proliferation activity, and mucosal immunity components, such as the ileal CD4, TGF-β1 and IgA mRNA levels, were observed. The third pattern was Up-Up, and the levels of the non-specific cellular immunity components, such as the serum nitric oxide (NO), C3 and C4 levels, the specific cellular immunity components, such as the spleen index, peripheral blood IL-2, IFN-γ/IL-4, cytotoxic T (Tc) cell ratio, and splenic NF-κB mRNA levels, the humoral immunity components, such as the serum IgG level, the mucosal immunity components, such as the ileal MHC-II, CD3d, TCRβ subunit, TCRζ subunit, IFN-γ, pIgR mRNA and ileal mucosa sIgA levels, were continuing to increase from d 1 to 34. Conclusions It could be concluded that the immune system and its function have not developed well in the broiler chickens d 6 to 13 and that the immune system does not mature until d 30 to 34 in the broiler chickens in cages. It is necessary to enhance the immune function of the broiler chickens through nutritional measures from d 1 to 30.

scholarly journals Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices, Duodenal Histomorphology, and Cecal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Fed on Diets Supplemented with Cinnamon Bark Powder at Prestarter and Starter Phases

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Qaid ◽  
Saud I. Al-Mufarrej ◽  
Mahmoud M. Azzam ◽  
Maged A. Al-Garadi ◽  
Hani H. Albaadani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Maximum Improvement

Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 240) aged 1 day were assigned to five groups for eight replicates (six chicks for each) (3♂ and 3♀). Basal dietary groups were supplemented by 2000, 4000, and 6000 mg/kg cinnamon (CN) for 21 days. Basal diet alone was used as a negative control, and basal antibiotic diet (Colimox) was used as a positive control. At 10, 14, and 21 days of age, chicks that received 2000 mg CN and Colimox had a higher body weight, resulting in an increase in body weight gain. CN also resulted in the maximum improvement in the feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency over 1–21 days at the level of 2000 mg/kg. At days 10, the maximum relative breast weight was 2000 mg/kg of CN. Mean serum albumin concentrations, duodenal villus height, and goblet cell density increased (p < 0.05) by 2000 mg/kg of CN, and mean serum globulin and total protein concentrations and crypt depth increased (p < 0.05) by 6000 mg/kg of CN compared with control. Increased cecal Escherichia coli number was CN dose-dependent. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 2000 mg/kg CN can be applied as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for broiler starter diet.

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