Collective Action and Assisting the Poor: The Political Economy of Income Assistance During the Lancashire Cotton Famine

1995 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-383
Author(s):  
L. Lynne Kiesling
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cotton Textile ◽  
Institutional Diversity ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Income Assistance

Problems of poverty are exacerbated by uncertainty.1 This uncertainty means that one role of an income-assistance system is insurance, which in the modern world has often taken the form of government welfare or unemployment insurance. However, various private methods have also been important. The episode known as the Lancashire cotton famine reveals this institutional diversity in a region with a dominant geographically concentrated industry. A cyclical downturn in the cotton textile industry coincided with the Union blockade of Southern ports during the American Civil War, bringing four years of distress to the towns in the cotton manufacturing district concentrated in Lancashire. The unanticipated and unprecedented depth and duration of this shock unveiled both the responses of preexisting income assistance institutions and the institutional change that occurred to spread income losses after the cotton famine struck.

II. The Political Role of the Parlement of Paris, 1715–23

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-200
Author(s):  
J. H. Shennan
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Parlement Of Paris

The most recent biographer of Montesquieu has written:…the similarity between the ideas of the former president a tnortier and those of the parlements is sometimes striking.…The king, they admit, is the legislator and the fount of justice. The parlements, however, are the repositories of his supreme juris-diction. To remove it from them is to offend the laws of the state and to overthrow the ancient legal structure of the kingdom.…This tradition of the parlements inspired and was inspired by the political doctrine of Montesquieu; and when the President writes of the monarchy of his own day…as being the best form of government that men have been able to imagine, it is monarchy supported by this tradition which he has in mind.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
James Lindley Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Racial Minorities ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
Full Account ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
The Common ◽  
Moral Superiority ◽  
Law Making

This introductory chapter provides an overview of democracy. Democracy draws much of its political and philosophical support from its claim to be the form of government in which citizens rule equally. It has long been associated, however imperfectly and incompletely, with political equality of citizens. Indeed, the greatest and most profound advances of democracy have been rejections of political inequalities: the demand that the “common born,” the propertyless, and the poor; racial minorities; and women were among those with whom citizens were obliged to share in rule equally. Democracy's claim to moral superiority as a regime draws from its claim to be the political reflection and expression of this equality among citizens. This book then offers a full account of political equality: an account that can help guide people's choices between electoral and law-making institutions and practices.

Product Quality and Vertical Integration in the Early Cotton Textile Industry

1988 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Temin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Product Structure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cotton Textile ◽  
Tariff Policy ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Clout

This article explores differences between the cotton industries in England and America in the early nineteenth century. I show that the two countries produced almost entirely different products: the Enlish made fine fabrics; the Americans, coarse. The cause of this disjunction is found in the American tariff policy, whichwas influenced by the Massachusetts cotton manufacturers. Since coarse spinning promoted vertical integration, the American product structure favored integration. This argument reveals that the variables analyzed were jointly determined, since the Massachusetts firms with the political clout to affect the tariff were vertically integrated.

scholarly journals ENGLISH: Islamic Concept of Tribal Identity and Modern World; A Case of Pakistan

rahatulquloob ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Sohail Akhtar ◽  
Prof Dr Muhammad Shafique
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Tribal Identity ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Disputes

Islam is a universal religion and it educated his followers that they all are equal as human being because no one is superior on the basis of color, creed, caste or blood. They all are the son of Adam and that’s why the standard of superiority is only based on piety. Before the dispensation of Islam the Arabs were divided in different tribes and the used their genealogical position and felt pride on it. Every tribe was famous due to tribal nobility and tribal strength considered as their political power. All the tribes used sword to solve the political disputes and wanted to set their tribal supremacy. The battle of Bassos and Fujar are famous for tribal supremacy. But Islam changed this concept and turned them into civilized nation. Islam declared that tribe is not factor of supremacy or superiority rather than identity of the people. This paper highlights the role of tribes as a factor of identity under the light of Islam and modern world especially when there is a concept of authoritarian democracy.

scholarly journals The Political Economy of the Rice Value Chain in Ethiopia: Actors, Performance, and Discourses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawit Alemu ◽  
Abebaw Assaye
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
The Political ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Impact

The goal of this working paper is to identify the core challenges that have contributed to the poor performance of Ethiopia’s rice sector, and highlight approaches to successfully promote the commercialisation of the rice value chain. The authors achieve this by emphasising the underlying political economy dynamics of the rice value chain in Ethiopia, and how these can offer a better understanding of the drivers and constraints of agricultural commercialisation in the country. The paper also discusses the performance of, and challenges faced by, actors involved in the rice value chain. In addition, it looks at the role of development partners in promoting the rice value chain, the role of rice in the rural labour market, as well as the impact of COVID-19 on the various actors.

scholarly journals “Staff Reserve” of De-Escalation: M. Rojansky on American-Russian Relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-505
Author(s):  
Yury G. Golub ◽  
◽  
Sergei Y. Shenin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
World Order ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Security Council ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Us

The article is devoted to the analysis of the political, scientific and practical activities of the director of the Kennan Institute, Matthew Rojanski. In the context of the statements of the Biden administration on the need to de-escalate US-Russian relations and taking into account the attempt to appoint Rozhansky to the post of Russia Director on the US National Security Council, the evolution of his worldview, the system of views on the modern world order, the role of Russia in the contemporary world and nature of relations between Washington and Moscow are considered. It is concluded that Rojanski’s foreign policy views are close to the liberal-universalist ideology of the progressive grouping in the Democratic Party.

scholarly journals Regime enablers and captured religious mandate in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekithemba Dube
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
Robert Mugabe

Zimbabwe’s second republic, born after the fall of Robert Mugabe on 17 November 2017, has been characterised by many controversies. Some of the most important of these include claims that human rights, accountability and democracy are being disregarded, and religious leaders are acting as regime enablers to maintain injustice. This article problematises the role of Nehemiah Mutendi and Andrew Wutawunashe, the harbingers of the second republic. I look closely at Mutendi’s and Wutawunashe’s roles in the second republic, in the light of human rights and show how their involvement in the political matrix has the potential to disrupt social cohesion, stoke hate and misrepresent the religious mandate by assuming the role of regime enablers. I argue that, although religious leaders have a constitutional right to be involved in politics, their primary mandate is to promote morality and human rights, fight for the poor and marginalised and not to surrender these rights for the sake of obtaining benefits.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article draws from the nexus theology, religious studies, politics, economy and sociology. The article attempts to show how religious leaders in their involvement in politics affect social arrangements, economy and peace. Therefore, it is interdisciplinary in the sense that it discusses religious issues informed by politics, economy and peace narratives.

scholarly journals Cyber security as an innovative protection in the political space of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Yu. Zavgorodnya
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Management System ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Processes

The article focuses on the values of the role of cybersecurity in the modern information society. To develop an effective system of interaction in the information space, there is a need to form boundaries of protection for users. The system of protection that exists in society is aimed at resolving the contradictions that arise at the level of actual confrontation and significant influence on political processes with clearly defined subjects of political activity. For the modern world, the subjects of global governance pay serious attention to the level of security of the management system in individual countries and regions, which indicates the effectiveness or imbalance in the management system. Also, the role of such an entity at the supranational level of the management system. Therefore, the chosen topic is quite relevant for the global process of interaction and taking into account the views of individual regions. In addition, effective protection of cyberspace will help reduce the level of manipulation by political actors, which will help increase the level of political culture among politicians and the level of political awareness among ordinary citizens. The article analyzes modern scientific approaches to understanding the concept of cybersecurity and cybersecurity, provides a generalized description of these concepts, identifies modern forms of security in cyberspace, analyzes the state of cybersecurity in the Ukrainian information space and defines its status as a subject of global interaction in the information space. In the political process, an integral element of interaction is the information space, as the modern platform for public relations between policy actors has been reformatted in the latest ways, and therefore the mechanisms of influencing citizens become innovative and demonstrate uncertain response from society and possible ways of political development. events. As a result, a number of mechanisms need to be put in place to protect all cyberspace users who engage in public communication on important policy issues.

Entrepreneurial Development Initiatives

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-70
Keyword(s):  
Economic Condition ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Entrepreneurial Development ◽  
Credit Programs ◽  
Micro Credit

This chapter begins with a brief historical background including the political and demographic delays followed by the economy and the changes of economic activities over the years; the poverty in Malaysia, including the history and measurements of poverty; and finally, an introduction to the Malaysian development policies and strategies. The next part of this chapter defines and understanding types and dimensions of poverty, followed by the origin of group based micro-credit programs focused on improving the socio-economic condition of the poor and low-income households. This chapter also presents the discussion regarding approaches of micro-credit, role of donors and investors, role of apex organizations, outreach of microcredit programs, impact of microcredit programs, and limitations of microcredit programs. Finally, this chapter presents the details of the programs and policies of the leading micro-credit organizations in Malaysia.

THE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF STATE SYSTEMS OF POST-SOVIET COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (XX) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Wiktor Hołubko
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Mixed Form ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
The Face

After the collapse of the USSR in August 1991 and the emergence of new sovereign states on its territory, they all formed the office of the president within a few years. It became very attractive to them for a number of reasons: it was able to guarantee political stability in the face of radical transformations of their systems, to facilitate the transition from authoritarianism to democracy, and to legitimize the political and legal status of the former Soviet ruling elites. During the years of independence, the presidency has taken various forms. A large part of post-Soviet states chose the presidential form of government in some places with signs of authoritarianism, which was reflected in the desire to constantly strengthen the role of this office. Few states have chosen a mixed form of government in which the office of the president is largely influenced by the balance of domestic political forces. The phenomenon of its excessive personification plays an important role in determining the influence of the president on the functioning of public authorities in post-Soviet countries. The least popular is the parliamentary form of government, in which the office of the president is left with very limited powers.

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