scholarly journals Need for care, adversity exposure and perceived stress in clinical and healthy voice-hearers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
David Baumeister ◽  
Tom Ward ◽  
Philippa Garety ◽  
Mike Jackson ◽  
Craig Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Need For Care ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objectives Psychosis, and in particular auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs), are associated with adversity exposure. However, AVHs also occur in populations with no need for care or distress. Aims This study investigated whether adversity exposure would differentiate clinical and healthy voice-hearers within the context of a ‘three-hit’ model of vulnerability and stress exposure. Methods Samples of 57 clinical and 45 healthy voice-hearers were compared on the three ‘hits’: familial risk; adversity exposure in childhood and in adolescence/adulthood. Results Clinical voice-hearers showed greater familial risk than healthy voice-hearers, with more family members with a history of psychosis, but not with other mental disorders. The two groups did not differ in their exposure to adversity in childhood [sexual and non-sexual, victimisation; discrimination and socio-economic status (SES)]. Contrary to expectations, clinical voice-hearers did not differ from healthy voice-hearers in their exposure to victimisation (sexual/non-sexual) and discrimination in adolescence/adulthood, but reported more cannabis and substance misuse, and lower SES. Conclusions The current study found no evidence that clinical and healthy voice-hearers differ in lifetime victimisation exposure, suggesting victimisation may be linked to the emergence of AVHs generally, rather than need-for-care. Familial risk, substance misuse and lower SES may be additional risk factors involved in the emergence of need-for-care and distress.

Determinants of substance use among young people attending an urban primary health center in Delhi

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Mogan ◽  
U Venkatesh ◽  
Richa Kapoor ◽  
Mukesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Family History ◽  
Young People ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Primary Health Center ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Substance Involvement

AbstractIntroductionSubstance abuse remains one of the major challenges in young people, as it is one of the top five causes of disability-adjusted life years (DALY). The present study aims to find the prevalence and determinants of substance use among young people attending an urban primary health center in Delhi.MethodologySystematic random sampling was used to enroll the calculated sample size of 190. Substance use was assessed using ASSIST (an Alcohol Smoking Substance Involvement Screening Tool) and brief intervention was given based on the standard guidelines of ASSIST. The total score among the substance users is calculated and divided into Grades 1, 2 or 3. Log binomial regression was performed to quantify the association between substance use and covariates such as age, sex, education, occupation, family history of substance use, socio-economic status and family type. The association was expressed in odds ratio (OR) with 95 percent confidence interval (CI).ResultThe mean age of study participants was 18.6 ± 4.1, ranges from 10 to 24 years. Out of 48 substance users, 43.7% were consuming only tobacco, 22.9% were consuming only alcohol and 33.3% were polysubstance users. The history of substance use among family members of participants was found to be 46.3%. Median substance involvement score of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis users was 19 (IQR: 14.5–22), 19 (IQR: 13.5–25) and 22.5 (IQR: 22–23), respectively. Among tobacco users, 2.7% were Grade 1 and 7.2% were Grade 2. Four (16%), 20 (80%) and one (4%) of alcohol users were Grades 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Among the cannabis users, four (100%) were in the Grade 2 category. The median age of initiation of substance use among users was 16 (range 13–21) years. The analysis shows substance use was almost 25 times (adjusted OR = 25.84, 95% CI 5.65–118.09) more common among males and it increase by 2.5 times with a decrease in socio-economic status (adjusted OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.27–5.02) and the result is significant. The substance use was almost 7 times higher when there is a family history of substance usage (adjusted OR = 7.40, 95% CI 2.15–25.4). Residential and marital status were not significantly associated with substance use.ConclusionMale sex, lower socio-economic status, participants currently not going to school/college, family history of substance use were found to be significant predictors of substance use among the study participants.

scholarly journals Socio-economic status and health awareness are associated with choice of cooking oil in Costa Rica

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1214-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uriyoán Colón-Ramos ◽  
Edmond K Kabagambe ◽  
Ana Baylin ◽  
Alberto Ascherio ◽  
Hannia Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Health Awareness ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
History Of

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the socio-economic and lifestyle determinants of cooking oil choice in Costa Rica during the last decade (1994–2004).DesignCross-sectional study. Subjects (total n = 2274) belonged to the control population of a large case–control study; they were recruited yearly. Data about type of oil used for cooking, dietary intake, socio-economic and demographic characteristics were collected.SettingA dietitian visited all subjects and conducted the interviews at their homes; all subjects lived in the Costa Rican central valley region.SubjectsAdult, free-living, rural and urban Costa Ricans with no history of myocardial infarction and physical or mental disability.ResultsThe odds of choosing soybean over palm oil increased significantly each year (P < 0.05) and was determined by high socio-economic status (SES) and variables that suggest health awareness (self-reported history of hypertension, high cholesterol, multivitamin use and intake of green leafy vegetables). The odds of choosing other unsaturated oils, namely corn and sunflower, over soybean oil also increased yearly (P < 0.05) and was associated with the same two factors (high SES and health awareness). Palm oil users remained in the lowest SES tertile and were more likely to live in rural areas. Across all SES tertiles, high health awareness determined the odds of choosing other unsaturated oils over palm oil, and soybean oil (P < 0.05).ConclusionThese data show that, in addition to SES, health awareness is associated with the selection of unsaturated oils over palm oil in a developing country undergoing transition. These data should be considered when targeting nutrition messages and policies that promote better dietary choices.

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Risk Factors in Patients Attending Diabetic Association Medical College Hospital in Faridpur

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Poly Begum ◽  
Dipti Rani Shaha ◽  
Khalifa Mahmud Walid
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Past History ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Association Medical

Background: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing all over the world and varies widely depending on the region of the country, dietary habits and socio-economic status. The prevalence of GDM with its associated risk factors has important health complications for both mother and child.Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of GDM and risk factors associated with it in women attending Diabetic Association Medical College Hospital in Faridpur for ante-natal care.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, screening for GDM was performed in 303 pregnant women. Women who consented to participate underwent a standardized 2-hour 75 gm oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). A proforma containing general information on demographic characteristics, socio-economic status, education level, parity, family history of diabetes and past history of GDM etc. was filled in. American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria for 75 gm 2-hour OGTT was used for diagnosing GDM.Results: A total of 303 women participated in the study and GDM was diagnosed in 22 (7.3%) women. A single abnormal value was observed in additional 33 (10.89%) women. On bivariate analysis risk factors found to be significantly associated with GDM were age, household income, parity, educational level, socio-economic status, hypertension, BMI, weight gain, acanthosis nigricans, family history of diabetes and past history of GDM; but on multivariate analysis only upper middle class and presence of acanthosis nigricans were found to be significantly associated with GDM.Conclusion: This study demonstrates a high prevalence of GDM in Bangladesh. These estimates for GDM may help for new suggestions to prevent and manage gestational diabetes.J Enam Med Col 2017; 7(3): 126-133

Stress exposure as a mechanism of the impact of socio-economic status on health quality

2017 ◽  
pp. 471-483
Author(s):  
Vladimir Mentus ◽  
Tatjana Mentus
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The subject of this paper is stress exposure as one of the mechanisms through which the socioeconomic status may affect the health. First of all, the nature of the relationship between the socioeconomic status and the health quality, as well as possible mechanisms of relationship between them in general are presented. Then, an overview of the relationship between socioeconomic status and stress exposure is provided, as well as previous research results in this field. Finally, mechanisms by which stress exposure may affect health quality are presented. The largest number of studies indicates a positive correlation between socioeconomic position and health quality and a negative correlation between status and stress exposure, as well as health quality and stress exposure. The results regarding the relationship between socioeconomic status and stress exposure are in this respect the least consistent, mostly due to differences in the conceptualizations and operationalizations, poor representativeness of samples, and other methodological issues, as well as the characteristics of the examined populations themselves. Further, behaviors relevant to health quality, such as diet or physical activity, are to a great extent related to socioeconomic status and stress exposure. Whatever the mechanisms by which the interaction between these variables is explained may be, the socioeconomic status is probably the key for prevention and overcoming stressful situations, and thus, for health in general.

scholarly journals Study of some epidemiological aspects of seizure disorders among children in rural area of a district

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2888
Author(s):  
Pralhad Sureshrao Potdar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Seizure Disorder ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Seizure Disorders ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
History Of

Background: Seizures are the most common paediatric neurologic disorder, with 4% to 10% of children suffering at least one seizure in the first 16 years of life. Most seizures occur before age 3 years.Methods: The present study was undertaken with an objective to study prevalence of seizure disorders among the children aged 14 years and below in rural area of a district and to study some socio-demographic factors and some risk factors associated with it among the study subjects. This was a community based cross-sectional descriptive study.Results: The prevalence of seizure disorder in the area studied was 10.84%. Of the total 1200 subjects examined, 52.67% were males and 47.33% were females. Mean age of the study population was 6.48±3.33 years, median was 6 years. Age, sex, family history, and socio-economic status were highly statistically significant with risk of seizure disorders (p<0.01). H/o Head injury, H/o CNS infection were statistically age, sex, family history of seizure disorders and socio-economic status were independently associated with risk of seizure disorders (p<0.01).Conclusions: prevalence of seizure disorder in the area studied was 10.84%.Significant association was observed between seizure disorder and age, sex, socio economic status, family history of seizure disorder, h/o infections and h/o head injury. Further research is needed to better understand the intricate relationship among socio-demographic risk factors and seizure disorders in order to ensure the best possible outcomes for individuals with seizure disorders.

scholarly journals HIV and risk behaviors of persons of low socio-economic status, Popayan-Colombia (2008-2009)

2013 ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Fabio Mueses ◽  
María Viriginia Pinzón ◽  
Inés Constanza Tello ◽  
Hernán G Rincón-Hoyos ◽  
Jaime Galindo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Risky Alcohol ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
History Of

Objective: To determine HIV presence and risk behaviors of persons of low socio-economic status in the city of Popayan, Colombia. Methods: Cross-sectional study; between 2008 and 2009, 363 participants of Popayan signed informed consent and received pre and post HIV test counseling. Socio-demographic characteristics and history of STDs, risk behaviors and previous HIV testing were assessed. Descriptive statistics, correlations and multivariate logistic regression were calculated. Results: Mean age 33.5±10.2; 66.0% women. Frequency of HIV positive patients was 3.86% (95% CI: 1.87-5.85), greater in men (7.38%; p= 0.013). Greater frequency of HIV-positive patients was observed in people age 29-37, those without a stable partner, and those with history of risky alcohol consumption (more than five drinks in 2 hrs). Conclusions: HIV-positive patients frequency in this population was greater than national estimate for general population, aged 15-49 in Colombia, with even greater frequency in men. This study suggests that characteristics associated with low socioeconomic status, in economically active population, without a stable partner and with risky alcohol use, can potentially increase risk of HIV infection

scholarly journals HISTORICAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT AND FORMATION OF SERVICE OF MEDICO-SOCIAL EXAMINATION IN RUSSIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
S. N Puzin ◽  
N. V Dmitrieva ◽  
S. B Shevchenko ◽  
M. A Osadchuk ◽  
V. G Suvorov
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Scientific Base ◽  
History Of Institutions

The principles of the social protection of the population in Russia began to take shape in the late 10th century, along with the adoption, in 988, of Christianity in Russia. The modern history of institutions of medico-social examination began on 27 April 1918 when the people’s Commissariat of public scorn was transformed into the Commissariat of social security, and began the formation of the medical labor commissions of the predecessors of the modern institutions of medico-social examination. Thus, the system of medico-social expertise of the Russian Federation in 2017 has reached the age of 99. As the formation and development of the social insurance, social welfare and health care and improved system of medical-social expertise, strengthen its scientific base. Currently, medical-social examination has formed in a special branch of scientific knowledge and practical activities. The way of the development, passed by the medical-social examination starting from the medical-labor expertise, creation, formation and development of the medical-social examination on the entire territory of Russia can be divided into a number of stages determined by peculiarities of its political and socio-economic status.

Estimates of gelotophobia and perceived stress among obese individuals

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Mubeen Akhtar ◽  
Sadia Maroof ◽  
Shamyle Rizwan Khan
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Objectives: The present research was carried out to find out an estimate of gelotophobia among obese individuals. Perceived stress and differences on socio-demographic factors were also studied. Method: The survey design cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June in 2018. A sample of 70 consenting participants (men = 22, women = 48) with BMI ? 25 were recruited through purposive sampling. The instruments of Geloph<15> and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were used to assess the level of gelotophobia and level of stress in the sample. Demographic details of sample were also recorded to achieve study objectives. Result: The estimate of gelotophobia among obese individuals in the current study showed that 64.2% majority sample had moderate level of gelotophobia, while 10% of the sample had high level of gelotophobia. Statistically significant differences were observed in the level of gelotophobia among individuals having different levels of socio-economic status (p < .05) and with history of being ridiculed by peers (p < .05). However, the present study did not show any significant demographic difference in perceived stress (p > .05). Conclusion: The findings of the study could provide evidence in favour of developing and implementing suitable intervention programs to help control risk of gelotophobia among obese individuals. The study could also assist in creating awareness and understanding about harmful consequences of bullying and nurturing a healthier narrative of conversations and humour among the youth. Keywords: Humor fear, obesity, BMI, body weight. Continuous...

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