A wearable patch for continuous analysis of thermoregulatory sweat at rest

AbstractThe body naturally and continuously secretes sweat for thermoregulation during sedentary and routine activities at rates that can reflect underlying health conditions, including nerve damage, autonomic and metabolic disorders, and chronic stress. However, low secretion rates and evaporation pose challenges for collecting resting thermoregulatory sweat for non-invasive analysis of body physiology. Here we present wearable patches for continuous sweat monitoring at rest, using microfluidics to combat evaporation and enable selective monitoring of secretion rate. We integrate hydrophilic fillers for rapid sweat uptake into the sensing channel, reducing required sweat accumulation time towards real-time measurement. Along with sweat rate sensors, we integrate electrochemical sensors for pH, Cl−, and levodopa monitoring. We demonstrate patch functionality for dynamic sweat analysis related to routine activities, stress events, hypoglycemia-induced sweating, and Parkinson’s disease. By enabling sweat analysis compatible with sedentary, routine, and daily activities, these patches enable continuous, autonomous monitoring of body physiology at rest.

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Integrated Blood Pressure-Chemical Sensing Epidermal Patch

10.21203/rs.3.rs-40455/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Juliane Sempionatto ◽

Muyang Lin ◽

Lu Yin ◽

Ernesto de la Paz ◽

Kexin Pei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Chemical Sensing ◽

Electrochemical Sensors ◽

Material Selection ◽

Human Subjects ◽

The Body ◽

Wearable Sensor ◽

Cardiac Events ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Pressure Chemical

Abstract The growing demand for tracking the effects of diverse daily activities upon the body physiological response calls for continuous monitoring devices, with integrated hemodynamic and metabolic sensing modalities. This work presents the first demonstration of an integrated wearable sensor that monitors the blood pressure and heart rate via ultrasonic transducers, along with parallel non-invasive electrochemical detection of biomarker levels, such as glucose, lactate, caffeine, and alcohol, in sweat and interstitial fluid. Such simultaneous non-invasive blood-pressure/chemical sensing was implemented by monitoring the dynamic effects of everyday activities, such as exercise and intake of food and drinks, upon the user’s physiological states. Leveraging novel material selection and assembly processes, the multiplexed sensing modalities were optimized to ensure reliable sensing without crosstalk between individual sensors, along with mechanical resiliency and flexibility for conformal contact to curved skin surfaces. The simultaneous acoustic and electrochemical sensors were evaluated on multiple human subjects under different stimuli, and the dynamic correlation of the hemodynamic activities and corresponding metabolic variations was monitored and discussed. Such multimodal blood-pressure/chemical wearable sensor offers a collection of previously unavailable information towards enhancing our understanding of the body’s response to common activities while holding considerable promise for predicting abnormal cardiac events and improving remote, telemetric, and personalized healthcare medical outcome.

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CMOS Interfaces for Internet-of-Wearables Electrochemical Sensors: Trends and Challenges

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics8020150 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 150 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Michele Dei ◽

Joan Aymerich ◽

Massimo Piotto ◽

Paolo Bruschi ◽

Francisco del Campo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Sensors ◽

Biological Fluids ◽

Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor ◽

The Body ◽

Oxide Semiconductor ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Wide Range ◽

Specific Stimulation ◽

Iot Devices ◽

Natural Way

Smart wearables, among immediate future IoT devices, are creating a huge and fast growing market that will encompass all of the next decade by merging the user with the Cloud in a easy and natural way. Biological fluids, such as sweat, tears, saliva and urine offer the possibility to access molecular-level dynamics of the body in a non-invasive way and in real time, disclosing a wide range of applications: from sports tracking to military enhancement, from healthcare to safety at work, from body hacking to augmented social interactions. The term Internet of Wearables (IoW) is coined here to describe IoT devices composed by flexible smart transducers conformed around the human body and able to communicate wirelessly. In addition the biochemical transducer, an IoW-ready sensor must include a paired electronic interface, which should implement specific stimulation/acquisition cycles while being extremely compact and drain power in the microwatts range. Development of an effective readout interface is a key element for the success of an IoW device and application. This review focuses on the latest efforts in the field of Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor (CMOS) interfaces for electrochemical sensors, and analyses them under the light of the challenges of the IoW: cost, portability, integrability and connectivity.

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Glucose Calibration Modeling in Blood with Spline Regression Approaching to Non-Invasive Tools

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science Engineering and Technology ◽

10.32628/ijsrset2184111 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 144-149

Author(s):

Ria Hayatun Nur ◽

Indahwati A ◽

Erfiani A

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Good Health ◽

Cubic Spline ◽

The Body ◽

Spline Regression ◽

Linear Quadratic ◽

Important Thing ◽

Non Invasive

In this globalization era, health is the most important thing to be able to run various activities. Without good health, this will hinder many activities. Diabetes mellitus is one of the diseases caused by unhealty lifestyle.There are many treatments that can be done to prevent the occurrence of diabetes. The treatments are giving the insulin and also checking the glucose rate to the patients.Checking the glucose rate needs the tools which is safety to the body. This research want to develop non invasive tool which is safety and do not injure the patient. The purpose of this research is also finding the best model which derived from Linear, Quadratic, and Cubic Spline Regression. Some respondents were taking to get the glucose measuring by invasive and non invasive tools. It could be seen clearly that Spline Linear Regression was the best model than Quadratic and Cubic Spline Regression. It had 70% and 33.939 for R2 and RMSEP respectively.

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Clinical, morphological and biochemical signs of polymycotoxicosis in highly productive cows

Veterinaria Kubani ◽

10.33861/2071-8020-2020-4-14-17 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 14-17

Author(s):

Irina A. Shkuratova ◽

◽

Lyudmila I. Drozdova ◽

Aleksander I. Belousov ◽

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Hepatorenal Syndrome ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

The Body ◽

Feed Mixture ◽

Milk Productivity ◽

Structural Disorders ◽

Increased Sensitivity ◽

Penicillium Spp

Mycotoxicological monitoring of forages shows that the problem of mycotoxicosis has been relevant for several decades. Minimal doses of mycotoxins in feed lead to a decrease in milk productivity, increased sensitivity to infectious and non-infectious diseases. When several mycotoxins enter the body simultaneously, a synergistic effect develops, causing a significant increase in toxicity. Feed contaminated with several types of fungi and their toxins is dangerous for dairy cattle. It was found that the feed mixture contained the types of associations of Aspergillus spp. fungi + Fusarium; Aspergillus spp. + Penicillium spp. + Mucor spp; Fusarium + Penicillium; Mucor spp. + Fusarium + Ustilaginales. Pathogenetic features of metabolic and morphological changes in highly productive cows with polymycotoxicosis were studied. Feeding food contaminated with various metabolites of mold fungi leads to the development of signs of chronic toxemia in animals. Clinical manifestations are the development of diarrhea and dehydration, with a decrease in milk productivity. Metabolic disorders feature the development of an inflammatory process, metabolic acidosis, hyperfermentonemia, with an increase in the amount of creatinine and urea in the blood serum. Metabolic signs indicate the development of hepatorenal syndrome due to structural disorders of the liver and kidneys. Histological signs of polymicotoxicosis are intracapillary and hemorrhagic glomerulonephritis, hepatocyte micronecrosis, and proliferation of connective tissue stroma cells, which leads to the development of atrophic cirrhosis in the interstitial and circular phases.

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PANI-Based Wearable Electrochemical Sensor for pH Sweat Monitoring

Chemosensors ◽

10.3390/chemosensors9070169 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 169

Author(s):

Francesca Mazzara ◽

Bernardo Patella ◽

Chiara D’Agostino ◽

Maria Giuseppina Bruno ◽

Sonia Carbone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Indium Tin Oxide ◽

Electrochemical Sensors ◽

Flexible Substrate ◽

Sensor Performance ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Static Contact ◽

Sweat Sample ◽

Constant Potential ◽

Interference Tests

Nowadays, we are assisting in the exceptional growth in research relating to the development of wearable devices for sweat analysis. Sweat is a biofluid that contains useful health information and allows a non-invasive, continuous and comfortable collection. For this reason, it is an excellent biofluid for the detection of different analytes. In this work, electrochemical sensors based on polyaniline thin films deposited on the flexible substrate polyethylene terephthalate coated with indium tin oxide were studied. Polyaniline thin films were abstained by the potentiostatic deposition technique, applying a potential of +2 V vs. SCE for 90 s. To improve the sensor performance, the electronic substrate was modified with reduced graphene oxide, obtained at a constant potential of −0.8 V vs. SCE for 200 s, and then polyaniline thin films were electrodeposited on top of the as-deposited substrate. All samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, static contact angle and FT-IR/ATR analysis to correlate the physical-chemical features with the performance of the sensors. The obtained electrodes were tested as pH sensors in the range from 2 to 8, showing good behavior, with a sensitivity of 62.3 mV/pH, very close to a Nernstian response, and a reproducibility of 3.8%. Interference tests, in the presence of competing ions, aimed to verify the selectivity, were also performed. Finally, a real sweat sample was collected, and the sweat pH was quantified with both the proposed sensor and a commercial pH meter, showing an excellent concordance.

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Sensors for the detection of ammonia as a potential biomarker for health screening

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86686-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Peter P. Ricci ◽

Otto J. Gregory

Keyword(s):

Vapor Phase ◽

Detection System ◽

Health Screening ◽

The Body ◽

Peptic Ulcers ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Sensing Platform ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Screening Protocol ◽

H Pylori

AbstractThe presence of ammonia within the body has long been linked to complications stemming from the liver, kidneys, and stomach. These complications can be the result of serious conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), peptic ulcers, and recently COVID-19. Limited liver and kidney function leads to increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) within the body resulting in elevated levels of ammonia in the mouth, nose, and skin. Similarly, peptic ulcers, commonly from H. pylori, result in ammonia production from urea within the stomach. The presence of these biomarkers enables a potential screening protocol to be considered for frequent, non-invasive monitoring of these conditions. Unfortunately, detection of ammonia in these mediums is rather challenging due to relatively small concentrations and an abundance of interferents. Currently, there are no options available for non-invasive screening of these conditions continuously and in real-time. Here we demonstrate the selective detection of ammonia using a vapor phase thermodynamic sensing platform capable of being employed as part of a health screening protocol. The results show that our detection system has the remarkable ability to selectively detect trace levels of ammonia in the vapor phase using a single catalyst. Additionally, detection was demonstrated in the presence of interferents such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and acetone common in human breath. These results show that our thermodynamic sensors are well suited to selectively detect ammonia at levels that could potentially be useful for health screening applications.

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Loading comparison of two structures in the moving tube of a non-invasive prosthesis

Technology and Health Care ◽

10.3233/thc-202420 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Jie Zhang ◽

Ping Ye ◽

Lizheng Zhang ◽

Hongliu Wu ◽

Tianxi Chi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Finite Element Analysis ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Limb Length Discrepancy ◽

The Body ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Lower Body ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Testing Method ◽

Finite Element Analysis Simulation

BACKGROUND: The treatment of adolescent patients with distal femoral cancer has always been a concern. The limb-salvage, regarded as a mainstream treatment, had been developed in recent years, but its application in children still remains challenging. This is because it can lead to potential limb-length discrepancy from the continued normal growth of the contralateral lower body. The extendable prosthesis could solve this problem. The principle is that it can artificially control the length of the prosthesis, making it consistent with the length of the side of the lower limbs. However, this prosthesis has some complications. The extendable prosthesis is classified into invasive and minimally invasive, which extends the prosthesis with each operation. OBJECTIVE: We designed a new non-invasive prosthesis that can be extended in the body. Based on the non-invasive and extendable characteristics, we need to verify the supporting performance of this prosthesis. METHODS: We carried out a mechanical testing method and finite element analysis simulation. CONCLUSION: The support performance and non-invasively extension of this prosthesis were verified.

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Role of cannabinoids in various diseases: A review

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201023666211223164656 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

Author(s):

Simran Kaur ◽

Nikita Sharma ◽

Arpita Roy

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Endocannabinoid System ◽

Psychological Disorders ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

The Body ◽

Therapeutic Aspect

Background: The plant, Cannabis sativa is heavily explored and researched with many industrial and pharmaceutical applications. The medicinal and therapeutic role of cannabis Sativa has been summarized in the paper, citing its mechanism of action and influence on the human body. Diseases like metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, and psychological disorders pose negative and long-term drastic effects on the body like neurodegeneration and other chronic system failures. Several existing literature has proved its effectiveness against such diseases. Objectives: This review aims to provide an overview of the role of cannabinoids in various diseases like metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, and psychological disorders. Method: Various e-resources like Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were thoroughly searched and read to form a well-informed and information-heavy manuscript. Here we tried to summaries the therapeutic aspect of Cannabis sativa and its bioactive compound cannabinoids in various diseases. Result: This review highlights the various constituents which are present in Cannabis sativa, the Endocannabinoid system, and the role of cannabinoids in various diseases Conclusion: Recent research on Cannabis has suggested its role in neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, sleep disorders, pediatric diseases, and their analgesic nature. Therefore, the authors majorly focus on the therapeutic aspect of Cannabis sativa in various diseases. The focus is also on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and its role in fighting or preventing bacterial, parasitic, fungal, and viral infections.

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Differences in triglyceride levels before and after whey protein intervention in field workers exposed and unexposed to arsenic

JURNAL GIZI INDONESIA ◽

10.14710/jgi.9.2.166-171 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 166-171

Author(s):

Eka Putri Rahmadhani ◽

Ani Margawati ◽

Apoina Kartini

Keyword(s):

Whey Protein ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Fat Metabolism ◽

Exposed Group ◽

The Body ◽

Unexposed Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Field Workers

Background: A work environment that is exposed to heavy metals, such as a coal mining environment, can change fat metabolism in the body. Changes in fat metabolism will lead to cardiovascular disease. Consumption of dairy products, e.g. whey protein, can reduce the risk of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease.Objectives: To test and analyze the differences in triglyceride levels before and after whey protein intervention to field workers with different working conditions.Materials and Methods: This experimental research with pretest and posttest was conducted on field workers at PT Bukit Asam Tbk. Tarahan Port Unit, Lampung as an Arsenic exposed group and PTPN VII Way Berulu Business Unit as an Arsenic unexposed group. Both groups received 24 grams of whey protein daily for 28 days. The triglyceride levels before and after the intervention were measured by laboratory analysis using the enzymatic calorimetry method. The data were analyzed using independent t-test, Mann Whitney test, and Wilcoxon test.Results: The average triglyceride levels increased by 50.48 ± 98.09 mg/dL in the exposed group and 16.78 ± 67.67 mg/dL in the unexposed group. There was a significant difference in triglyceride levels before and after the whey protein intervention in the two groups.Conclusions: The whey protein intervention increased the triglyceride level in the exposed group and decreased it in the unexposed group.

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