scholarly journals Exercise-induced alterations of hepatic mitochondrial function

1982 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Tate ◽  
P E Wolkowicz ◽  
J McMillin-Wood
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Assay Medium ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Exercise Induced

In order to examine the effect of a single bout of exercise on hepatic mitochondrial function, starved untrained male rats swam at 34-35 degrees C with a tail weight (5% of body wt.) for 100 min. The rates of ADP-stimulated and uncoupled respiration were higher in the mitochondria isolated from the exercised rats regardless of the substrate utilized. Succinate-linked Ca2+ uptake was 48% greater in the exercised group; however, Ca2+ efflux was markedly depressed. The inhibition of Ca2+ uptake by Mg2+ was higher in the control group, so that the difference in Ca2+ uptake between the two groups was greater in the presence of Mg2+ than in its absence. The response of phosphorylating respiration and Ca2+ fluxes to exogenous phosphate and the pH of the assay medium differed in the exercise group. These observations with the exercised group were not related to non-specific stress. The exercise-induced mitochondrial-functional alterations are reminiscent of those obtained from mitochondria isolated from glucagon- or catecholamine-treated sedentary rats. Thus, adrenergic stimulation as well as other factors may be operating during exercise, leading to an alteration of mitochondrial function in vitro.

scholarly journals Comparison of Bax and Caspase-3 Protein Expression in Liver Cells following UVB Irradiation for 7 days and Treatment of Pimpinella alpina Molk during 7 and 15 days

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-303
Author(s):  
Eni Widayati ◽  
Taufiqurrachman Nasihun ◽  
Azizah Hikma Savitri ◽  
Nurina Tyagita
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Uvb Irradiation ◽  
The Difference

Objective: The effect of Pimpinela alpina Molk (PaM) on decrease in Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression in liver cells apoptosis have been proven. However, the difference result between 7 and 15 days treatment duration of PaM need to be confirmed. This study aimed to confirm that treatment of PaM during 15 days is more effective decreasing Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression in liver cells following UVB irradiation. Methods: In the post test only control group design, 35 Sprague Dawley male rats, 300 gram body weight were divided into two arms, consisting of three groups respectively. First arm comprise Neg-7, PaM7-100, and PaM7-150. Second arm comprise Neg-15, PaM15-100, and PaM15-150. Nor-G was added as normal control neither exposed to UVB nor PaM treatment. In negative group was only radiated to UVB and PaM groups were exposed to UVB and treatment with 100, and 150 mg PaM per oral for 7 and 15 days respectively. At day 8 (first arm) and 16 (second arm), liver organ was taken and Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression assessed by Immunohistochemical staining method. Result: Post Hoc LSD analysis indicated that Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression in PaM15-100 and PaM15-150 was significant lower compared to that of Nor-G, PaM7-100, and PaM7-150, p < 0.05. Conclusion: Ttreatment of PaM with doses 100 and 150 mg for 15 days was better in decreasing Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression of liver cells following UVB irradiation. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(2) 2020 p.296-303

Abstract P211: Single High Na + Ingestion Leads To An Increase In Oxidative Stress And Triggers Inflammation.

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginette Bordcoch ◽  
Ivan Tavera Busso ◽  
Juan Masjoan Juncos ◽  
Luis I Juncos
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
The United States ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
The Difference

Hypertension has been linked to a progressive increased in oxidative stress and inflammation. The high prevalence of hypertension poses a great risk to public health as 108 million adults in the United States have the condition. For that reason, a better understanding of the link between a high Na+ intake and the development of hypertension is of crucial importance. We hypothesize that a single ingestion of a high Na+ solution leads to increased oxidative stress and triggers an inflammatory response. Wistar 200-250 g male rats had gastric infusions through the esophagus. Groups were infused with 8 mL liquid Vaseline (Control), 8 mL of NaCl 0.684 M (4% m/v), and 8 mL of NaCl 1.368 M (8% m/v). After infusion, blood was collected at different time points during the first hour. Tissue samples were obtained from the aorta, heart, and kidney. Electron Microscopy (EM) was performed on all tissues, which were also analyzed for molecular markers of oxidative stress: Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA), and an inflammation marker: Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK). At 2 and a half minutes, serum Na+ concentration was unchanged in the control group compared to an increase observed in animals receiving 4% and 8% Na+ with concentrations of 135±1.4 mEq/L, 141±2.0 mEq/L, and 140±1.2 mEq/L respectively. At the 1-hour time point after infusion, the difference was further increased in the 8% group with serum concentrations of 135±1.8 mEq/L, 140±1.5 mEq/L, and 152±1mEq/L respectively (p<0.05). There was an increase in oxidative stress in the aorta from values of 36.22±4.64 mU/mg SOD and 0.131±0.013 pg/mL MDA in the control group, to 47.11±4.89 mU/mg SOD and 0.291±0.022 pg/mL MDA in the 8% group (p<0.05 in both cases). The same was observed in the heart, where values were: 174.6125.26 mU/mg SOD, 0.026±0.007 pg/mL MDA in controls, and 259.22±21.98 mU/mg SOD, 0.215±0.073 pg/mL MDA in 8% group (p<0.05 both cases). Increased ERK in aortic tissue, values of 0.29±0.03 pg/mL in controls, 2.68±0.18 pg/mL in 4% group and 3.97±0.68pg/mL in 8% group (p<0.05) suggest increased inflammation. We conclude that the elevation in serum Na+ concentration that follows Na+ ingestion leads to increased oxidative stress and inflammation.

Effects of acute exercise on the gluconeogenic capacity of periportal and perivenous hepatocytes

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 1099-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Désy ◽  
Yan Burelle ◽  
Patrice Bélanger ◽  
Marielle Gascon-Barré ◽  
Jean-Marc Lavoie
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Liver Perfusion ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Selective Destruction ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Lactate And Pyruvate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Exercise Induced

The present study was conducted to examine the effect of a single bout of exercise (rodent treadmill, 60 min at 26 m/min, 0% grade) on the gluconeogenic activity of periportal hepatocytes (PP-H) and perivenous hepatocytes (PV-H) in fasted (18 h) rats. Isolated PP-H and PV-H, obtained by selective destruction following liver perfusion with digitonin and collagenase, were incubated with saturating concentrations of alanine (Ala; 20 mM) or a mixture of lactate and pyruvate (Lac+Pyr; 20:2 mM) to determine the glucose production flux ( J glucose) in the incubation medium. Results show that, in the resting conditions, J glucose from all exogenous substrates was significantly higher ( P < 0.01) in PP-H than in PV-H. Exercise, compared with rest, resulted in a higher J glucose ( P < 0.01) from Lac+Pyr substrate in the PV-H but not in the PP-H, resulting in the disappearance of the difference in J glucosebetween PP-H and PV-H. Exercise, compared with rest, led to a higher J glucose ( P < 0.01) from Ala substrate in both PP-H and PV-H. However, the exercise-induced increase in J glucose (gluconeogenic activity) from Ala substrate was higher in PV-H than in PP-H, resulting, as from Lac+Pyr substrate, in the disappearance ( P > 0.05) of the difference of J glucose between PP-H and PV-H. It is concluded that exercise differentially stimulates the gluconeogenic activity of PV-H to a larger extent than PP-H, indicative of a heterogenous metabolic response of hepatocytes to exercise.

scholarly journals β-endorphin response to aerobic and anaerobic exercises in Wistar male rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-9
Author(s):  
Rostika Flora ◽  
Mohammad Zulkarnain ◽  
Sukirno
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

BACKGROUND Physical exercise is strongly associated with the release of β-endorphin. It is assumed that the type and intensity of physical exercise contributes to the release of β-endorphin. This study aimed to compare levels of β-endorphin in brain tissue in response to aerobic and anaerobic physical exercise. METHODS This study was an experimental laboratory study using 35 male Wistar rats divided into one control group and two physical exercise treatment groups: aerobic and anaerobic. Physical exercise was conducted on an animal treadmill running at aspeed of 20 m/min for 30 min of aerobic exercise and 35 m/min with 1-min intervals every 5 min for 20 min for anaerobic exercises. Each aerobic and anaerobic exercise group was furtherly classified into three subgroups (1×/week, 3×/week, and 7×/week). β-endorphin levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS The highest mean of β-endorphin level was found in the weekly exercise (54.45 [1.41] pg/ml) of aerobic exercise group and daily exercise (70.50 [11.67] pg/ml) of anaerobic exercise group. Mean of β-endorphin level in control group was 33.34 (3.54) pg/ml. A significant increased of β-endorphin mean level (p<0.001) was found in all aerobic and anaerobic exercise groups except the aerobic exercise 7×/week group(37.37 [6.30] pg/ml) compared to control. CONCLUSIONS Both aerobic and anaerobic physical exercise conducted for 6 weeks could increase the level of β-endorphin in brain tissue.

scholarly journals Alkali-soluble fluoride deposition on enamel after professional application of topical fluoride in vitro

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsue Fujimaki Hayacibara ◽  
Adriana Franco Paes Leme ◽  
Ynara Bosco de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Nilza Cristina Lopez Afonso Valor Gonçalves ◽  
Celso Silva Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Topical Fluoride ◽  
Fluoride Deposition

Since the efficacy of topical fluoride products is related to the fluoride (F) availability and its reactivity with enamel, this study was conducted. The F concentration of the following materials was verified: I- acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel (1.23% F), II- APF foam (1.23% F) and III- Varnish (2.26% F). Forty blocks of bovine enamel were divided into 4 groups and treated according to the materials described, being one of them used as control. Loosely bound fluoride (''CaF2'') was determined on enamel after extraction with 1.0M KOH and analyzed by ion-selective electrode. Total F concentration found in gel was 12,642, in foam 12,755 and in varnish 23,183 mg F/g. All products formed statistically higher amounts of ''CaF2'' on enamel compared to the control group (p < 0.05), but the difference between them was not significant (p > 0.05). Thus, ''CaF2'' formation was not proportional to the total F content in the products, suggesting that the pH and the vehicle used are more important.

scholarly journals Physical activity during pregnancy and its influence on delivery time: a randomized clinical trial

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Rodríguez-Blanque ◽  
Juan Carlos Sánchez-García ◽  
Antonio Manuel Sánchez-López ◽  
María José Aguilar-Cordero
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Difference

Introduction During pregnancy, women often change their lifestyle for fear of harmful effects on the child or themselves. In this respect, many women reduce the amount of physical exercise they take, despite its beneficial effects. Objective To determine the duration of labor in pregnant women who completed a program of moderate physical exercise in water and subsequently presented eutocic birth. Methods A randomized trial was performed with 140 healthy pregnant women, divided into an exercise group (EG) (n = 70) and a control group (CG) (n = 70). The women who composed the study population were recruited at 12 weeks of gestation. The intervention program, termed SWEP (Study of Water Exercise during Pregnancy) began in week 20 of gestation and ended in week 37. Perinatal outcomes were determined by examining the corresponding partographs, recorded by the Maternity Service at the Granada University Hospital Complex. Results The intervention phase of the study took place from June through October 2016, with the 120 women finally included in EG and CG (60 in each group). At term, 63% of the women in EG and 56% of those in CG had a eutocic birth. The average total duration of labor was 389.33 ± 216.18 min for the women in EG and 561.30 ± 199.94 min for those in CG, a difference of approximately three hours (p < 0.001). Conclusions The women who exercised in water during their pregnancy presented a shorter duration of labor than those who did not. The difference was especially marked with respect to the duration of the first and second stages of labor.

Mixed muscle and hepatic derived plasma protein metabolism is differentially regulated in older and younger men following resistance exercise

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (5) ◽  
pp. E922-E929 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sheffield-Moore ◽  
D. Paddon-Jones ◽  
A. P. Sanford ◽  
J. I. Rosenblatt ◽  
A. G. Matlock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Exercise Induced

We sought to determine whether exercise-induced muscle protein turnover alters the subsequent production of hepatically derived acute-phase plasma proteins, and whether age affects how these proteins are regulated. We measured arteriovenous (a-v) balance and the synthesis of mixed muscle protein, albumin (A) and fibrinogen (F) before exercise (REST) and from the beginning of exercise to 10, 60, and 180 min following a single bout of moderate-intensity leg extension exercise (POST-EX) in postabsorptive untrained older ( n = 6) and younger ( n = 6) men using l-[ ring-2H5]phenylalanine (Phe). Subjects performed 6 sets of 8 repetitions of leg extension at 80% of their 1-RM (one-repetition maximum). All data are presented as the difference from REST (Δ from REST at 10, 60, and 180 min POST-EX). Mixed muscle fractional synthesis rate (FSR-M) increased significantly from the beginning of exercise until 10 min POST-EX in the older men (ΔFSR-M: 0.044%/h), whereas FSR-M in the younger men was not elevated until 180 min POST-EX (ΔFSR-M: 0.030%/h). FSR-A and FSR-F increased at all POST-EX periods in the older men (ΔFSR-A = 10 min: 1.90%/day; 60 min: 2.72%/day; 180 min: 2.78%/day; ΔFSR-F = 10 min: 1.00%/day; 60 min: 3.01%/day; 180 min: 3.73%/day). No change occurred in FSR-A in the younger men, but FSR-F was elevated from the beginning of exercise until 10 and 180 min POST-EX (10 min: 3.07%/day and 180 min: 3.96%/day). Net balance of Phe was positive in the older men in the immediate POST-EX period. Our data indicate that mixed muscle and hepatic derived protein synthesis is differentially regulated in younger and older men in response to a single bout of moderate-intensity leg extension exercise. Moreover, our data suggest that with age may come a greater need to salvage or make available amino acids from exercise-induced muscle protein breakdown to mount an acute-phase response.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Potential ofAnadenanthera colubrina(Vell.) Brenan

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rennaly de Freitas Lima ◽  
Érika Ponchet Alves ◽  
Pedro Luiz Rosalen ◽  
Ana Lúcia Tasca Gois Ruiz ◽  
Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
The Difference

The aim of the present study was to perform anin vitroanalysis of the antimicrobial and antiproliferative potential of an extract fromAnadenanthera colubrina(Vell.) Brenan (angico) and chemically characterize the crude extract. Antimicrobial action was evaluated based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration, and the inhibition of formation to oral biofilm. Cell morphology was determined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Six strains of tumor cells were used for the determination of antiproliferative potential. The extract demonstrated strong antifungal activity againstCandida albicansATCC 18804 (MIC=0.031 mg/mL), with similar activity found regarding the ethyl acetate fraction. The extract and active fraction also demonstrated the capacity to inhibit the formation ofCandida albicansto oral biofilm after 48 hours, with median values equal to or greater than the control group, but the difference did not achieve statistical significance(P>0.05). SEM revealed alterations in the cell morphology of the yeast. Regarding antiproliferative activity, the extract demonstrated cytostatic potential in all strains tested. The present findings suggest strong antifungal potential forAnadenanthera colubrina(Vell.) Brenan as well as a tendency toward diminishing the growth of human tumor cells.

Co-administration of aqueous ginseng extract with tobramycin stimulates the pro-inflammatory response and promotes the killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lungs of infected rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misagh Alipour ◽  
Abdelwahab Omri ◽  
Edmund M.K. Lui ◽  
Zacharias E. Suntres
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Gm Csf

North American ginseng is known to have immunomodulatory and antipseudomonal properties in vitro. In this study we investigated the effects of aqueous ginseng extract, either alone or in a combination with the antibiotic tobramycin, in an animal model of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. The lungs of male rats (n = 5) were infected with P. aeruginosa (2 × 108 cfu/mL) in agar-beads by intratracheal instillation. Starting on day 7 post-infection, animals were treated daily for 3 consecutive days with saline, tobramycin (300 μg/kg body mass, intratracheal), and (or) ginseng (100 mg/kg body mass, subcutaneous); animals were sacrificed 24 h after the third drug treatment. Lung bacteria counts, cytokine levels in sera, and lung histopathology were examined. The treatment of infected animals with tobramycin [6.6 × 104 colony forming units (cfu)], ginseng (5.3 × 104 cfu), or tobramycin plus ginseng (2.0 × 103 cfu) lessened the lung infection compared with the control group (saline treated) (6.0 × 106 cfu). The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12p70, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, TNF-α) in infected animals were significantly increased with co-treatment of ginseng plus tobramycin. These data suggest that co-administration of aqueous ginseng extract and tobramycin stimulated the pro-inflammatory response and promoted the killing of P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Exercise-Induced Changes in Caveolin-1, Depletion of Mitochondrial Cholesterol, and the Inhibition of Mitochondrial Swelling in Rat Skeletal Muscle but Not in the Liver

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Jozef Flis ◽  
Robert Antoni Olek ◽  
Jan Jacek Kaczor ◽  
Ewa Rodziewicz ◽  
Malgorzata Halon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Swelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Caveolin 1 ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Exercise Induced

The reduction in cholesterol in mitochondria, observed after exercise, is related to the inhibition of mitochondrial swelling. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) plays an essential role in the regulation of cellular cholesterol metabolism and is required by various signalling pathways. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prolonged swimming on the mitochondrial Cav-1 concentration; additionally, we identified the results of these changes as they relate to the induction of changes in the mitochondrial swelling and cholesterol in rat skeletal muscle and liver. Male Wistar rats were divided into a sedentary control group and an exercise group. The exercised rats swam for 3 hours and were burdened with an additional 3% of their body weight. After the cessation of exercise, their quadriceps femoris muscles and livers were immediately removed for experimentation. The exercise protocol caused an increase in the Cav-1 concentration in crude muscle mitochondria; this was related to a reduction in the cholesterol level and an inhibition of mitochondrial swelling. There were no changes in rat livers, with the exception of increased markers of oxidative stress in mitochondria. These data indicate the possible role of Cav-1 in the adaptive change in the rat muscle mitochondria following exercise.

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