scholarly journals Optimization of Methane Gas Formation Rate with The Addition of EM4 Starter-made from Tofu Liquid Waste and Husk Rice Waste Using Biogas Reactor-Fixed Dome in Langensari West Ungaran

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 02016
Author(s):  
Fahmi Arifan ◽  
Fuad Muhammad ◽  
Sri Winarni ◽  
Hafizh Rama Devara ◽  
Latifah Hanum
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Biogas Reactor ◽  
Materials Used

Indonesia is a country that has abundant energy resources, namely oil, gas, coal, geothermal, and so forth. Biogas is an alternative fuel that can be used as a substitute for primary fuel. The term biogas is already familiar to the people, it is because biogas has usefulness as a vehicle fuel, domestic (cooking), and generate electricity. Cow dung has a value of C / N ratio is large enough that 18. Rice husk has a C / N ratio is sufficient High temperatures of 38.9. EM-4 (effective microorganism) is a bacterial culture which is usually used as an activator. In the manufacture of biogas from waste fluids out and chaff has the advantage because the content of the C / N is high enough. The composition of the raw materials used are liquid wastes out of 5 kg and 1 kg of husk-em with the addition of 4500 ml and the resulting calorific value of 1047.9 A fermentation time for 9 days. Ph maintained in neutral or alkaline conditions, namely 7-7.5, because the effectiveness of the methane formation is highly dependent on pH wherein the microorganism will grow and thrive in neutral. The test results has been done is the color of the flame and the time at yield is good enough where the color of the flame produced at day to9 blue with time for 40 seconds.

scholarly journals Design and Fabrication of a Modified Portable Biogas Digester for Renewable Cooking-Gas Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Barinyima Nkoi ◽  
Barinadaa Thaddeus Lebele-Alawa ◽  
Benedict Odobeatu
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Smoke Detector ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Cylindrical Pressure Vessel ◽  
Test Pressure ◽  
Materials Used

This research paper focuses on re-engineering design and fabrication of a modified potable biogas digester for the production of biogas as a renewable energy source for domestic use. Digesters used around the world are commonly big in size. There is need to modify and re-engineer an existing biogas digester to fit in to modern day design for better efficiency, portability and safety. Floating drum and Flexible balloon are digesters to be modified as a thin walled pressure vessel with radius-thickness ratio  greater than 10. ASME codes and standards were used to carry out the sizing calculations, thickness and pressure calculations for the cylindrical pressure vessel shells and also calculations for the storage tank hemisphere shell. AISI 304 (Chromium-Nickel steel) is used for the vessel shell and the maximum allowable stress is 137 MPa. Weld efficiency (85%), corrosion allowance (0.02mm),  of 24 (for digester),  of 18 (for collector) and  of 20 (storage tank). 17 kg of cow dung and 34 kg of water with temperature of 32oC were the raw materials used for this research to produce a cumulative gas volume of 0.1243 m3 for 30 days. Furthermore, a bike pump is modified and used to increase methane gas pressure from 4.903 kPa to 345 kPa to suit the modern day gas cookers design and storage tank. Unlike other biogas plant, an electronic smoke alarm detector (model: Ei100) is placed 300 mm below the digester top for effective fire protection. Series of tests were performed to ensure that the constructed prototype met the specifications/standards. Such test include, smoke detector test, pressure testing, gas leak test, and a unit test run also confirmed that the aim of research was achieved.

scholarly journals Anaerobic digestion of mixed dried fallen leaves by mixing with cow dung

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Rouf ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
T Rabeya ◽  
Ak Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Glass Bottle ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Biogas Reactors ◽  
Biogas Reactor ◽  
Fallen Leaves

An investigation was carried out for the production of biogas from dry fallen leaves. The sample was collected from BCSIR campus of Dhaka in winter. The substrate was mixed leaves mainly mahogany (75%), eucalyptus (10 %) and rain tree (15 %) leaves. The study was carried out by whole leaves and crushed leaves directly followed by aerobic pretreatment at 8% total solid (TS) concentration. The raw materials were fed into two liter capacity glass bottle bio digester on batch basis for 60 days at ambient temperature. Different proportion of substrate and cow dung were mixed to get the optimum mix for maximum yield of biogas. The biogas reactor containing 6% crushed and pretreated leaves mixed with 2% cow dung (on 8% TS basis) gave maximum (0.199 l/g) biogas yield. The biogas yield from leaves without pretreatment was found to be too low (0.0106 l/g) for 8%. The COD reduction, VS reduction and methane composition of two biogas reactors have been determined where biogas yield were relatively higher. The maximum methane content of the biogas was found to be about 69.3%.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(3), 163-168, 2015

scholarly journals PENGARUH KOMPOSISI DAN WAKTU FERMENTASI CAMPURAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI TAHU DAN KOTORAN SAPI TERHADAP KANDUNGAN GAS METHANE PADA PEMBANGKIT BIOGAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nurhilal ◽  
Purwiyanto Purwiyanto ◽  
Galih Mustiko Aji
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Methane Bacteria

Biogas is alternative energy produced from the anaerobic activity process of methane bacteria obtained by fermentation. Anaerobic activation is a sequence of microorganism processes breaking down biodegradable  materials without oxygen. Biogas is mostly produced from cow dung and tofu industry waste that has the potential to contain methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). To reduce the content of (CO2) and (H2S) and to increase the element of methane gas, the purification process is needed to do. Purification can be carried out by absorption techniques using water, NaOH solution, and zeolite/silica gel. The purpose of this study is to examine the methane gas content of variations in the composition of cow dung and tofu liquid waste and the fermentation time. The method used was an experiment by varying the composition of cow dung and tofu liquid waste by 40%: 60%; 50%: 50%; and 60%: 40%, as well as variations in the fermentation time of120, 168 and 216 hours of fermentation. The results showed that the highest methane gas content in the composition of a mixture of cow dung and tofu liquid waste was 50:50 in 168 hours of fermentation which was equal to 2.806%. The content of methane gas was influenced by the fermentation time, the pH conditions in the digester, and the intensity of stirring the biogas material in the digester.

scholarly journals Study of regime parameters of the fermenter in the production of biogas from animal liquid waste materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Penka Zlateva ◽  
Angel Terziev ◽  
Krastin Yordanov
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

The focus of the present study is a small biogas power plant for anaerobic fermentation of several types of animal waste raw materials used for biogas production. The impact of some of the characteristics of substances such as composition, temperature, humidity, and pH of the mixture in the bioreactor has been considered. The above is vital for optimizing the fermentation process, and also to improve the biogas production process. The plant is located in Northeastern Bulgaria and the raw liquid manure is supplied by several neighboring small farms. The annual quantities of raw waste are as follows: cow manure - 1252 t / a; chicken manure - 427 t / a and pig manure - 639 t / a. The manure is collected in a preliminary tank and then pumped to the bioreactor. The fermenter itself is a hermetically sealed and thermally insulated tank where constant temperature is maintained. It is equipped with a stirring system, which helps the mixing and homogenization of the substrate. The tests were performed during three charges of the installation. The fermentation takes approximately 23 up to 25 days. The experiments were performed during the summer and autumn seasons when the ambient air temperature varies from 28 to 45 °C. The biogas can be used as an energy carried as the obtained organic fertilizer is suitable for agriculture purposes.

scholarly journals PENGARUH WAKTU FERMENTASI TERHADAP PERSENTASE PENYISIHAN PADATAN TERSUSPENSI TOTAL (TSS) CAMPURAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAPIOKA DENGAN AIR

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Wan Rizki Ansari ◽  
Umayi Belladiana ◽  
Setiaty Pandia
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
System Research ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Optimal Value

The waste water of tapioca is the waste produced from the washing process raw materials, screening cassava porridge (extraction) and starch sediment containing organic compounds which are still important, especially starch and other compounds that can be used as raw material for the manufacture of bio gas. This study aimed to determine the effect of  fermentation time on the elimination percentage of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) using batch anaerobic digester system. Research was carried out by mixing the liquid waste of tapioca industry with water in the ratio 100:0; 85:15; 65:35; 50:50;35:65, and 15:85 (v/v) with starterin an anaerobic digester system batch in which neutral pH of the mixture was set. Parameter observed was the content of Total Suspended Solid. Percentage of elimination of Total Suspended Solid was reached at the rasio of liquid waste to water 100:0 (v/v) with the optimal value of 89.851% on the 21th day.

scholarly journals Effectiveness Analysis of Anaerobic Digestion Method in Making Biogas from Animal Manure and Tofu Liquid Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Fahmi Arifan ◽  
Abdullah Abdullah ◽  
Siswo Sumardiono
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Methanogenic Bacteria ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion Process ◽  
Digestion Process

Organic waste has high COD and BOD content, so it is dangerous if disposed of directly into the environment. Organic waste processing, such as waste from livestock manure and liquid tofu waste, requires a process that can reduce COD and BOD levels as well as produce valuable products. Anaerobic digestion method is the proper process to convert complex compounds in waste into simpler compounds with methanogenic bacteria into a renewable energy product, namely biogas. On the other hand, the anaerobic digestion process can reduce COD and BOD levels in the biogas formation process. This study uses raw materials such as cow manure and chicken manure, and liquid tofu waste. The variables that produced the largest biogas were those with a ratio of 70% cow dung, 15% chicken manure, and 15% tofu liquid waste with a total of 3,251.5 mL. Then, the COD and BOD levels decreased significantly with more than 98% COD removal, and more than 95% BOD removal in all variables at the end of the anaerobic digestion process.

scholarly journals MUTU KIMIAWI TERASI DENGAN FORMULASI UDANG REBON (Acetes sp) DAN IKAN RUCAH YANG BERBEDA

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Nabila Ukhty ◽  
Anhar Rozi ◽  
Andiani Sartiwi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Materials Used

Terasi is a product of fermentation-based on rebon or fish with the addition of salt. Fermentation with salt led to an overhaul of proteins into amino acids eg glutamic acid as a producer of distinctive taste shrimp paste. Raw material, salt concentration and fermentation time is an important factor in the process of making paste. This study aimed to analyze the effect of different formulations of rebon (Acetes sp) and HTS generated against chemical quality paste. Raw materials used in this study is rebon (Acetes sp.) and fish HTS. Treatment used is the difference rebon formulation composition of fish and meat. Research methods using the experimental method with descriptive design field. Parameters tested include moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein, carbohydrates, pH, and glutamic acid. Based on the results obtained paste with the best formulation of the paste P1 treatment with a water content of 15.48%, 39.52% ash content, the fat content of 7.23%, 42.50% protein content, carbohydrate content of 4.73%, pH 5 , 67%, and 22.56% glutamic acid.

scholarly journals Pupuk Organik Padat dari Eceng Gondok, Kotoran Sapi, dan Dedak Padi dengan Effective Microorganisme 4 (EM4)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Sri Widyastuti ◽  
Risa Suryananta Arfa
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Materials Used

Water hyacinth (Eichonia crassipes) is one type of aquatic plant that has a fast growth rate. As a result, sunlight is blocked from entering the water, so that aquatic biota cannot carry out the photosynthesis process perfectly.  This study aims to determine the value of C/N ratio, levels of Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), pH, and temperature (T) in composting for 16 days with the addition of 200 mL of bioactivator effective microorganism 4 (EM4) in each reactor. Variations of raw materials used are Control Reactor (RK) containing 1.5 kg of water hyacinth; Treatment Reactor 1 (R1) contains 0.5 kg of water hyacinth + 1 kg of cow dung; Treatment Reactor 2 (R2) contains 0.5 kg of water hyacinth + 1 kg of rice bran; and Treatment Reactor 3 (R3) contains 0.5 kg of water hyacinth + 1 kg of cow dung + 1 kg of rice bran. The results showed that the combination of raw materials had an effect on the quality of the organic fertilizer produced. The combination of Treatment 3 (R3) produced organic fertilizer with the best quality, namely C/N ratio = 15.30%, pH = 7.16, macronutrient P = 4.91% and K = 8.36% which met the quality standard requirements. Minister of Agriculture Number 261/KPTS/SR.310/M/4/2019 concerning the minimum technical requirements for organic fertilizers, biological fertilizers, and soil improvement.

scholarly journals Briquetting of Biomass for Low Cost Fuel using Farm Waste, Cow Dung and Cotton Industrial Waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 8349-8353
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
Industrial Boiler ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Groundnut Shell

The ultimate source of energy for crucial activities like cooking, heating and parboiling process is burning wood and other agricultural products. Due to growing populations utilizing resource of combustible biomass materials will finally result in insufficiency of those materials until certain measures are taken to secure them. It mainly focuses on the minimization of pollution especially land, water and air and to avoid the deforestation mainly for many fuels for burning. The product taken is the by-product, which is obtained from the residue left after letting the cotton industrial waste for reuse. The raw materials used are cassava waste, coconut shell, groundnut shell, cotton waste and cow dung with thirty different mix ratios. The briquettes were made without using any binder. Using hydraulic pressure with UTM given to produce the briquettes are 5.0 kN/cm 2 , 5.6 kN/cm2 and 6.0 kN/cm2 . Good energy content has been obtained when the pressure for producing briquettes at 5.6 kN/cm2 .These briquettes are mainly used for industrial boiler running and cooking purpose.

scholarly journals The Effect of Hibiscus Leaf’s Adhesives on the Quality of Cow Dung Husk Charcoal Briquettes

Jurnal Biota ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Iwan Ridwan Yusup ◽  
Astuti Kusumorini ◽  
Siti Risalti Maulida
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
State University ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Heat Value ◽  
Materials Used

The research to find out the good briquette adhesive has been done, however the results have not been satisfactory yet. This study aims to determine the effect of hibiscus leaf adhesive (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L) on charcoal briquette organic charcoal. The materials used in the manufacture of cow dung husk charcoal briquettes are rice husk and cow dung. The research was conducted in biology garden of Science and Technology Faculty, Islamic State University of Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung from May to June 2015. The research was conducted by using Random Design Complete (RAL) Factorial 3 X 4 with twice repetition (duplo). There are 3 compositions of treatment rice husk: cow dung, that are: 1: 1, 3: 1 and 1: 3, and addition of 4 levels adhesive from hibiscus leaf (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.), that are; control (without adhesive), 10 grams, 15 grams and 20 grams. The results showed that the adhesive combination of hibiscus leaves and the composition of organic charcoal briquettes was highest at density of 0.89 g / cm3, calorific value of 2432.62 cal / g, carbon content of 25.49% and lowest at water content of 8.75 %, vapor content 32.89%, ash content 45%. The best treatment combinations were found in the ratio of rice husk: cow dung ie 1: 3 and adhesive concentration 15 grams with the best heat value of 2431,62 kal /g.

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