scholarly journals Social and investment redistribution – the trend of the future

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 08095
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Donchenko ◽  
Sergey Shaginyan
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
State Budget ◽  
State Participation ◽  
New Type ◽  
Low Efficiency

Russia is going through a stage of becoming accompanied by complex internal problems. They are associated with the development of a legal framework and reconsidering the new type of economy, the negative impact of global crises and evident challenges in the distribution of the money supply. An active social policy of the state is aimed at the population strata in need of support: pensioners, disabled people, children. But the gap between low-income and rich groups is widening, and the middle stratum as a social component has practically disappeared. This situation suggests the need to search for tools to improve the prosperity of the population. Besides, low-efficiency investment systems of large players in the sector with state participation are registered, which requires the search for additional sources of investment and ways of their rational use with proper control. Which, in its turn, will reset the load from the state budget.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF FINANCING OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION ACTIVITIES IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-85
Author(s):  
Nataliia POKHYLENKO ◽  
Roman KORINETS
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
The State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
State Financing ◽  
State Programs

The article analyzes the current state of financial support for socially oriented extension services in Ukraine in order to identify the obstacles to stability and regularity of its implementation. It has been established on the basis of statistical data, that the financing of such activities from the state budget has a downward trend. Its volumes are tens of thousands of times less than similar budgetary expenditures in post-socialist countries that are currently EU members. The results of a survey of representatives of consulting services showed that the reason for the low activity of the registered agricultural extension services in the implementation of state programs to support agricultural producers and, accordingly, the incomplete development of the allocated funds are the scarcity, unpredictability and instability of state support for agricultural extension activities, the weakness of the coherence between themselves of the state programs, aimed at the development of the agricultural sector of economy. There is also a lack of understanding of the importance of agricultural extension by local government representatives. It is proved that conservatism in the introduction of innovations by owners of small farms, low level of awareness of agricultural extension, significant distance of advisory centers from potential customers, low income of the rural population minimize their ability to pay for commercial advisory services. It is established that financial and organizational difficulties have a significant negative impact on the psychological aspects of counseling. Advisors declare a lack of faith in their own strength. The results of the study allow us to assert that the formation of stable, simple and clear rules for long term state financing of agricultural extension activities and the absolute abidance of such rules by state institutions will help to increase the sustainability of financial support for agricultural extension activities in Ukraine.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic impact on dentists in Latin America’s epicenter: São-Paulo, Brazil

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256092
Author(s):  
Tatiane Fernandes Novaes ◽  
Maisa Camillo Jordão ◽  
Carlos Felipe Bonacina ◽  
André Oswaldo Veronezi ◽  
Carlos Ariel Rodrigues de Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The state of São Paulo, Brazil, where more than 94.000 dentists are currently registered, has become the epicenter of COVID-19 in Latin America. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on dentists in this state. A semi-structured questionnaire was sent via e-mail to 93.280 dentists with active registration in the Dental Council of São Paulo (CROSP). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic was assessed through questions related to demographic, socioeconomic, dental practice characteristics and personal protective equipment (PPE) use. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between all the variables (p<0.05). Over 8 days, 2113 responses were received. Only 26.52% of the sample reported a low-income reduction (from 0–10%), while the majority of dentists reported a more negative financial impact, 35.6% with a reduction of more than 50% of their monthly income. Dentists who worked in the private sector and at the capital had a greater financial impact when compared to those of the public sector and countryside of the state (p<0.05). Furthermore, about 83% reported not having received any specific training to control the transmission of coronavirus in the health area. This study provides evidence of the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the routine of dentists in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Hopefully, this study will help dental and other health care professionals to better understand the consequences of disease in dental settings and strengthen preparedness throughout the dental health care system.

scholarly journals Unconditional Basic Income as an Instrument of State Social Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-214
Author(s):  
Vlad Stokolos ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Security System ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
State Budget ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
The Social ◽  
Policy Problems

Annotation. Introduction. The article considers the concept of unconditional basic income in the study of social policy as a state instrument of universal social justice. Considerable attention paid to the prospects for the introduction of unconditional basic income and the implementation of its basic principles into Ukrainian legislation. Various approaches of legal regulations and etymology of social policy in the context of the state security system are considered. Significant emphasis placed on the study of the theoretical challenge of unconditional basic income, namely the study of the functioning of such a mechanism in modern communicative realities. This research is a product of analytics and was created without taking into account the author’s political ideas. Given the recommended amount of research, the issues of unconditional basic income was considered not to be completed. Purpose. One of the main tasks of the article is to study the mechanism of functioning of unconditional basic income and the possibility of its application in practice. It is also worth giving your own view of the social policy problems. The tasks of the article are to analyze the modern social security system and to suggest options for its improvement. Results. The theory of unconditional basic income currently has no practical application. Despite a significant number of theoretical experiments, no country in the world uses the instrument of unconditional basic income at the legislative level. Therefore, it is too early to talk about the implementation of this theory of social policy in practice in Ukraine. Conclusions. Theory of unconditional basic income has a strong intellectual tradition, but the practical application of this instrument of social policy not implemented. Our studies show that such a system promotes the development of human capital and increases the geographical mobility of people. Unconditional basic income creates material support that promotes human development in other spheres of life. However, it was noted that conducting such a social policy requires significant expenditures from the state budget. This creates material barriers for some countries to use unconditional basic income as a tool of social policy. Keywords: unconditional basic income; social policy; state institutions; legal system.

scholarly journals GEOSYSTEM MONITORING OF DEFORESTATION IN THE CHERNIHIV REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
Evgeny Sakhno ◽  
◽  
Oleksiі Tereshchuk ◽  
Yanchenko Oleg ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Open System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Study Guides ◽  
Village Council ◽  
Environmental Measures

Urgency of the research. The process of constructing modern forest monitoring systems, the development of technical facilities, high frequency, efficiency and availability of remote sensing materials allow realize the tasks the tasks of effective control of the modern environment. The experience gained by domestic experts allows us to use the results of processing these images to calculate changes in forest areas, determining the types of forests, their species composition and age mainly at the regional level. The deterioration of forests in Ukraine today is one of the most pressing problems, the solution of which is quite effective with the use of modern systems of geosystem environmental monitoring. Target setting. At the current stage of Ukraine's development, there is a problem of monitoring the country's forests, since at the same time, illegal deforestation has increased, which carries threats to the country's ecology and increases the level of corruption and financial losses of the state budget. The estimation of the number of forests of the Pukul village council of Chernihiv oblast was estimated from 2000 to 2017 using the Global Forest Watch service as well as using the ArcMap geodetic software product. After the performed measurements, it is possible to estimate the state of the forest complex of the research site and to propose measures for elimination of the revealed problems. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The latest publications on this topic, which are presented in open access, including scientific journals, study guides and data from the global Internet network, were reviewed. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The processes of organization and monitoring of forests should be considered as a single information complex, which makes it possible to assess the state of the country and determine the size of forest plantations and, most importantly, illegal logging, which will affect the environmental and financial situation in the state. And in order to prevent the negative impact of deforestation on the environment, it is necessary to use modern geoinformation software complexes, which allow to estimate the scale of forest areas fairly quickly and precisely and to decide on environmental measures for effective management in forests of Ukraine. The research objective. It is quite effective to use the open system of "Global Forest Watch" for monitoring of forest areas in Ukraine because it enables to determine the chosen site in a certain territory, but the systems do not give data on the areas of each cut area, therefore to get such parameters it is suggested to use the software ArcMap on the basis base map, which enables the data from attribute tables to determine the area of each individual cutting area of the forest. The statement of basic materials. The area of forest plantations with an area of 6200 ha was chosen for forest monitoring in the Chernihiv district of the Pukulsky village council. The monitoring was carried out using the open system "Global Forest Watch", since it enables to determine the amount of forest plantations in the selected area, and then for obtaining more accurate data on the area of forest plantations, the parameters were adapted to the ArcMap software based on the base map, which makes it possible to estimate the area forest areas of cut and planted forest for the selected period of time. Conclusions. Based on the performed researches, it was established that for monitoring of forest plantations in Ukraine it is quite effective to use the open system "Global Forest Watch", which combines data from different sources. This system helps to determine forest areas in the country and their location in the regions of the state. However, in order to improve the accuracy of determining the areas of cuttings and re-planted, it is recommended to use the ArcMap software package, which enables to increase the monitoring of the forest and prevent illegal felling of forest areas.

scholarly journals The Essence and Features of Social Protection in the Ukrainian Retrospective

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6 (344)) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Inna Syomkina ◽  
◽  
Natalia Shabaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
The Social

The scientific article reveals the formation of the Ukrainian system of social protection (historical aspect). The main stages of development of social policy in Ukraine, from the first origins to the key principles of modern social policy are described. The desire of the Ukrainian authorities to renounce the paternalistic role and alimony is emphasized. Priorities for activities in the social sphere have been identified: guaranteeing social rights, increasing the effectiveness of social programs, assistance to vulnerable groups (large and low-income families, servicemen, people with special needs, victims of violence, etc.). The general scheme of the social protection system in Ukraine is presented, which consists of two main parts: compulsory state social insurance, which is formed through the contributions of employers and working citizens to the relevant social insurance funds; system of social support (assistance, benefits, subsidies, social services), which is mainly formed by taxation and financed from the state budget. Further ways of scientific research are outlined (content and principles of realization of the state social programs on support of vulnerable segments of the population).

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE SHADOW ECONOMY ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliia Romanovska ◽  
Lily Strapachuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the approaches to the interpretation of the category "shadow economy", which causes a variety of approaches to assessing the impact of the shadow economy on the socio-economic development of Ukraine. The spread of the pandemic and the complication of economic conditions, formed as a result of the introduction of forced restrictive measures, have led to the growth of the shadow economy in Ukraine. The index of shadowing of the economic sphere in relation to the inflation index and the level of the state budget deficit has been studied. The factors that led to the shadowing of the economy and caused the growth of the share of the shadow sector in the economy of Ukraine are highlighted. The main components of shadow employment are identified. Business entities operating in the shadow sector have significantly more competitive advantages and much higher efficiency than legally operating businesses. As a result, such enterprises are an obstacle to the flow of funds to the budgets of all levels of the country, and as a consequence, have a negative impact on socio-economic development in general. In recent years, state budget expenditures have been growing too slowly, which indicates a high level of shadowing of the economy in conditions of high inflation and, consequently, negatively affects the socio-economic security of society. Budget expenditures are closely linked to public policy, which allows the state to curb the level of economic shadowing through measures to reform relevant areas. It is investigated that the State budget expenditures grow too slowly, which indicates a high level of shadowing of the economy in conditions of high inflation. The paper substantiates the reasons for the growth of the shadow economy and identifies the main measures to reduce shadow employment, the manifestations of which are the deformation of social and economic institutions of the state. The de-shadowing of the economy provides citizens with the right to social protection, in the form of social guarantees in case of unemployment, temporary incapacity for work, accidents or occupational diseases during official work, pensions, etc.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (36) ◽  
pp. 369-379
Author(s):  
A. Zhuk
Keyword(s):  
Public Procurement ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Government Procurement ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
State Budget ◽  
State Regulator ◽  
Effective Development

The paper studies the historical and legal background of the formation and development of government procurement in Ukraine. It analyzes the essence and significance of public procurement for the effective development of budgetary enterprises, institutions and organizations in different historical periods. It has been established that public procurement took various forms long before the independence of Ukraine. State orders are considered in the context of the broader problem of state regulation of the economy, namely one of the most serious and ambiguous economic problems is the rational interaction of the state and the market system in the process of public procurement. It is substantiated that a full-fledged national economy largely depends on how transparent and economically justified public expenditures on the maintenance of institutions financed from the state budget. Detected that one of the most promising ways to implement the concept of rational and efficient use of budget funds is the widespread introduction of a single structured system in the procurement of goods, works and services for public needs, based on competition, transparency, non-discrimination and decentralization. The paper reviews specifics of legislative regulation of public procurement in the relevant periods. The stage of transition of the system of centralized production planning, distribution of material and technical resources, the function of the state order as an absolute state regulator in the production of products and services to the means of meeting the needs of material resources, products, works and services of consumers supported by the state budget. It identifies the main differences in the approaches to understanding the essence of public procurement. The paper provides a detailed description of the influence of factors and circumstances on the development of the legal framework of public procurement. It determines and substantiates government procurement development periods. The paper analyzes the negative effects of omissions and non-finalization of the legal framework of each respective period. It studies the methods of and reasons for changing the terminology in the formation of the conceptual apparatus of the modern legal framework. Conclusions on changes, additions and adjustments to the legal framework of public procurement are provided. The paper assesses the main differences between the adopted public procurement laws.

scholarly journals THE ECONOMIC POLICY PECULIARITIES OF THE “HISTORICAL RIGHT” GOVERNMENTS OF THE KINGDOM OF ITALY (1861-1876)

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
M. Mykhailenko M. Mykhailenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The North ◽  
Further Development

This research analyses the economic policies peculiarities of the “historical right” governments of the Kingdom of Italy from the first stage of the unification of this country into a single nation state and rise of the “historical right” governments to power till the transfer of power to the “historical left”. It also specifies the main directions of economic reforms in a certain period of time and their impact on the further development of the state. The research establishes that the liberal economic model for country’s development chosen by its leadership at the very beginning allowed to quickly create the domestic market of goods and services, establish fruitful foreign economic relations with the greatest economic powers of that time and attract foreign investments into the Kingdom, promoting the development of the Kingdom’s agricultural sector and accumulating a substantial capital within the country. However, given the significant economic backwardness of the states of the Apennine peninsula before the unification and the actual abolition of customs barriers in trade with more powerful European countries after 1861, it had a negative impact on the country’s weak industry and deepened the distortion of development along the north-south line. The undeniable achievement of the "historical right" governments in the fiscal policy was the overcoming of the huge deficit of the state budget before 1876.

TRANSFORMATION OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF DECENTRALIZATION OF POWER

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Lozynska ◽  
◽  
Liudmyla Chip ◽  
Yevhenii Hnatok ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
State Budget ◽  
City Councils ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Direct Inter

The article highlights the issues of local self-government development in the conditions of public administration transformation. Attention is drawn to the importance of organizing effective self-government, as it is the local councils of the basic level that are most closely connected with the life of the local population. It is noted that the reform of local self-government was aimed at improving the accessibility and quality of public services for the population. The main reasons that prompted the reform of local self-government are named, namely: imperfection of the administrative-territorial system, limited autonomy of local self-government bodies and weak capacity of territorial communities. The main stages of the reform of the local self-government system and changes in the legal basis for the functioning of local councils are considered. The consequences of changing the legislation for the implementation of their powers by village, settlement and city councils, in particular the establishment of direct inter-budgetary relations between local budgets and the state budget, as well as shortcomings in the legal support of local councils. It is noted that despite the significant delay in amending the Constitution of Ukraine, the norms of which on administrative-territorial organization and local self-government ceased to correspond to the real state of affairs, the legal basis of self-government continued to develop. It is a question of introduction of the state support of local government and creation of institute of elders. It is noted that the regulatory and legal support of decentralization was mostly related to budgetary relations and was aimed at strengthening the economic capacity of territorial communities. It is established that as a result of the administrative-territorial reform the number of councils at the primary and subregional levels has significantly decreased, which has exacerbated the issue of separation of powers between councils at different levels and between councils and local administrations. Proposals were made to identify areas for further improvement of the legal framework of local self-government and delimitation of powers of local councils on the principles of subsidiarity.

scholarly journals Transformation of the State Social Policy in the Current Context: The Lessons of the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (520) ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
S. V. Tiutiunnykova ◽  
◽  
I. A. Shpak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Health Care Consumption ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Type ◽  
Current Context

The issues of social policy of the State have recently been in the discourse, in search of its new format. They acquired particular relevance in the context of the globally unfolding coronavirus crisis. The article shows that precisely the coronavirus pandemic has become the impetus for understanding the role and content of social protection of the population, has opened up new opportunities to transform it in search of true goals and instruments of implementation. It is proved that health becomes an urgent object of protection, that the health of society and an individual are mutually conditioned and complementable. Modern risks requiring an adequate response on the part of the State to overcome them are analyzed. In addition to the coronavirus pandemic, digitalization seriously affects humans and society, leading to the displacement of humans from the spheres of employment, transformation of the labor market and blurring of employment boundaries, precarization and unsteady employment. The growing inequality in the world leads to many problems in the social sphere and requires its solution. We are certain that in the conditions of modern, constantly complicating socio-economic development, increasing uncertainty and riskiness, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of social policy in which the most important values should dominate: health of human, access of human to sources of education, health care, consumption of clean water and other socially significant benefits, to decent income and living conditions. Such a system of social protection is in development, its sprouts to varying degrees of dimension and efficiency are formed in different world countries. The lessons learned in the process of combating the pandemic can become a good help in its formation.

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