scholarly journals GEOSYSTEM MONITORING OF DEFORESTATION IN THE CHERNIHIV REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
Evgeny Sakhno ◽  
◽  
Oleksiі Tereshchuk ◽  
Yanchenko Oleg ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Open System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Study Guides ◽  
Village Council ◽  
Environmental Measures

Urgency of the research. The process of constructing modern forest monitoring systems, the development of technical facilities, high frequency, efficiency and availability of remote sensing materials allow realize the tasks the tasks of effective control of the modern environment. The experience gained by domestic experts allows us to use the results of processing these images to calculate changes in forest areas, determining the types of forests, their species composition and age mainly at the regional level. The deterioration of forests in Ukraine today is one of the most pressing problems, the solution of which is quite effective with the use of modern systems of geosystem environmental monitoring. Target setting. At the current stage of Ukraine's development, there is a problem of monitoring the country's forests, since at the same time, illegal deforestation has increased, which carries threats to the country's ecology and increases the level of corruption and financial losses of the state budget. The estimation of the number of forests of the Pukul village council of Chernihiv oblast was estimated from 2000 to 2017 using the Global Forest Watch service as well as using the ArcMap geodetic software product. After the performed measurements, it is possible to estimate the state of the forest complex of the research site and to propose measures for elimination of the revealed problems. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The latest publications on this topic, which are presented in open access, including scientific journals, study guides and data from the global Internet network, were reviewed. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The processes of organization and monitoring of forests should be considered as a single information complex, which makes it possible to assess the state of the country and determine the size of forest plantations and, most importantly, illegal logging, which will affect the environmental and financial situation in the state. And in order to prevent the negative impact of deforestation on the environment, it is necessary to use modern geoinformation software complexes, which allow to estimate the scale of forest areas fairly quickly and precisely and to decide on environmental measures for effective management in forests of Ukraine. The research objective. It is quite effective to use the open system of "Global Forest Watch" for monitoring of forest areas in Ukraine because it enables to determine the chosen site in a certain territory, but the systems do not give data on the areas of each cut area, therefore to get such parameters it is suggested to use the software ArcMap on the basis base map, which enables the data from attribute tables to determine the area of each individual cutting area of the forest. The statement of basic materials. The area of forest plantations with an area of 6200 ha was chosen for forest monitoring in the Chernihiv district of the Pukulsky village council. The monitoring was carried out using the open system "Global Forest Watch", since it enables to determine the amount of forest plantations in the selected area, and then for obtaining more accurate data on the area of forest plantations, the parameters were adapted to the ArcMap software based on the base map, which makes it possible to estimate the area forest areas of cut and planted forest for the selected period of time. Conclusions. Based on the performed researches, it was established that for monitoring of forest plantations in Ukraine it is quite effective to use the open system "Global Forest Watch", which combines data from different sources. This system helps to determine forest areas in the country and their location in the regions of the state. However, in order to improve the accuracy of determining the areas of cuttings and re-planted, it is recommended to use the ArcMap software package, which enables to increase the monitoring of the forest and prevent illegal felling of forest areas.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE SHADOW ECONOMY ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliia Romanovska ◽  
Lily Strapachuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the approaches to the interpretation of the category "shadow economy", which causes a variety of approaches to assessing the impact of the shadow economy on the socio-economic development of Ukraine. The spread of the pandemic and the complication of economic conditions, formed as a result of the introduction of forced restrictive measures, have led to the growth of the shadow economy in Ukraine. The index of shadowing of the economic sphere in relation to the inflation index and the level of the state budget deficit has been studied. The factors that led to the shadowing of the economy and caused the growth of the share of the shadow sector in the economy of Ukraine are highlighted. The main components of shadow employment are identified. Business entities operating in the shadow sector have significantly more competitive advantages and much higher efficiency than legally operating businesses. As a result, such enterprises are an obstacle to the flow of funds to the budgets of all levels of the country, and as a consequence, have a negative impact on socio-economic development in general. In recent years, state budget expenditures have been growing too slowly, which indicates a high level of shadowing of the economy in conditions of high inflation and, consequently, negatively affects the socio-economic security of society. Budget expenditures are closely linked to public policy, which allows the state to curb the level of economic shadowing through measures to reform relevant areas. It is investigated that the State budget expenditures grow too slowly, which indicates a high level of shadowing of the economy in conditions of high inflation. The paper substantiates the reasons for the growth of the shadow economy and identifies the main measures to reduce shadow employment, the manifestations of which are the deformation of social and economic institutions of the state. The de-shadowing of the economy provides citizens with the right to social protection, in the form of social guarantees in case of unemployment, temporary incapacity for work, accidents or occupational diseases during official work, pensions, etc.

scholarly journals THE ECONOMIC POLICY PECULIARITIES OF THE “HISTORICAL RIGHT” GOVERNMENTS OF THE KINGDOM OF ITALY (1861-1876)

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
M. Mykhailenko M. Mykhailenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The North ◽  
Further Development

This research analyses the economic policies peculiarities of the “historical right” governments of the Kingdom of Italy from the first stage of the unification of this country into a single nation state and rise of the “historical right” governments to power till the transfer of power to the “historical left”. It also specifies the main directions of economic reforms in a certain period of time and their impact on the further development of the state. The research establishes that the liberal economic model for country’s development chosen by its leadership at the very beginning allowed to quickly create the domestic market of goods and services, establish fruitful foreign economic relations with the greatest economic powers of that time and attract foreign investments into the Kingdom, promoting the development of the Kingdom’s agricultural sector and accumulating a substantial capital within the country. However, given the significant economic backwardness of the states of the Apennine peninsula before the unification and the actual abolition of customs barriers in trade with more powerful European countries after 1861, it had a negative impact on the country’s weak industry and deepened the distortion of development along the north-south line. The undeniable achievement of the "historical right" governments in the fiscal policy was the overcoming of the huge deficit of the state budget before 1876.

scholarly journals Study of Opportunities on Sharia-based Securities Instruments to Enhance the Economic Development in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-181
Author(s):  
Arif Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Social System ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Social

The purpose of Sharia Economics is to realize the goodness, prosperity, and prosperity of human beings, especially in the economic field. Islamic Sharia prohibits the practice of usury in all its economic activities, because of its negative impact on the social system and the economy of society. Article 1 of Law Number 19 Year 2008 stipulates that the State Sharia Securities or Sukuk, is state securities issued under sharia principles, so It must be free from various elements of the ban, such as usury, maysir, and gharar. Sukuk issuance aims to finance the State Budget, including financing the construction of projects, such as infrastructure projects in the energy sector, telecommunications, transportation, agriculture, manufacturing industry, and public housing. Therefore, the participation of Muslims as the majority in Indonesia are needed to become the investor. The method used in this article is librarian research. In describing, analyzing, and evaluating, we used the regulation concerning with state sharia securities in Indonesia such as Law Number 19 year 2008 and Fatwa of National Sharia Council No: 69/DSN-MUI/VI/2008 concerning State Sharia Securities. Participating as an investor in the State Sharia Securities means participating in developing the country

Ecological and Judicial Expertise in Criminal Proceedings Against the Environment in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Ilia Solodov
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Judicial Expertise

Environmental expertise plays a special role in the course of the investigation of environmental crimes. Its main task is to recreate the mechanism of the incident, established the causation link, as well as determine the scale the negative impact on the environment and the measures to restore its original state. The author discusses the current practice of the environmental expertise in the Russian Federation. In Russia the experts from the state or private laboratories can be appointed to assist the investigator and the court in performing their tasks. The problem is that there is no commonly accepted expert methodology in a case of environmental offences. While the state experts can be expected to apply the standardised methodology approved by the Russian Centre of Forensic Expertise in Moscow, their colleges from the private sector are free to use any methods they consider as appropriate depending on the circumstances of the case. Unfortunately, in Russia, as well as in Poland, there are no effective control mechanisms to ensure that the methods applied and the data used by the experts are scientifically valid. It means that the obtained results are no always reliable and accurate. Another problem referred to the difficulties of the damage assessment in such cases. The dynamics of the environment, the complicity of the relations between its elements makes it extremely hard to assess the scale of the negative impact, as well as to establish the causation link between the human’s actions or negligence and observed changes.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF FINANCING OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION ACTIVITIES IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-85
Author(s):  
Nataliia POKHYLENKO ◽  
Roman KORINETS
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
The State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
State Financing ◽  
State Programs

The article analyzes the current state of financial support for socially oriented extension services in Ukraine in order to identify the obstacles to stability and regularity of its implementation. It has been established on the basis of statistical data, that the financing of such activities from the state budget has a downward trend. Its volumes are tens of thousands of times less than similar budgetary expenditures in post-socialist countries that are currently EU members. The results of a survey of representatives of consulting services showed that the reason for the low activity of the registered agricultural extension services in the implementation of state programs to support agricultural producers and, accordingly, the incomplete development of the allocated funds are the scarcity, unpredictability and instability of state support for agricultural extension activities, the weakness of the coherence between themselves of the state programs, aimed at the development of the agricultural sector of economy. There is also a lack of understanding of the importance of agricultural extension by local government representatives. It is proved that conservatism in the introduction of innovations by owners of small farms, low level of awareness of agricultural extension, significant distance of advisory centers from potential customers, low income of the rural population minimize their ability to pay for commercial advisory services. It is established that financial and organizational difficulties have a significant negative impact on the psychological aspects of counseling. Advisors declare a lack of faith in their own strength. The results of the study allow us to assert that the formation of stable, simple and clear rules for long term state financing of agricultural extension activities and the absolute abidance of such rules by state institutions will help to increase the sustainability of financial support for agricultural extension activities in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Social and investment redistribution – the trend of the future

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 08095
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Donchenko ◽  
Sergey Shaginyan
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
State Budget ◽  
State Participation ◽  
New Type ◽  
Low Efficiency

Russia is going through a stage of becoming accompanied by complex internal problems. They are associated with the development of a legal framework and reconsidering the new type of economy, the negative impact of global crises and evident challenges in the distribution of the money supply. An active social policy of the state is aimed at the population strata in need of support: pensioners, disabled people, children. But the gap between low-income and rich groups is widening, and the middle stratum as a social component has practically disappeared. This situation suggests the need to search for tools to improve the prosperity of the population. Besides, low-efficiency investment systems of large players in the sector with state participation are registered, which requires the search for additional sources of investment and ways of their rational use with proper control. Which, in its turn, will reset the load from the state budget.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF IMPROVING ECOLOGICAL TAXATION IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Svitlana SUCHEK
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Taxation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Current State ◽  
Taxation System

Introduction. Carrying out economic activity by individuals and legal entities in some cases provided by the production process is accompanied by systematic damage to the environment. The system of “paid pollution” should create conditions for the polluter when he seeks to reduce or completely abandon the negative impact on the environment, and for the state it should be a source of accumulation of funds that will be further aimed at restoring the environment and forming appropriate conditions for the transition to a “green” way of doing business. In this context, an important task is to analyze the current state of the environmental taxation system in Ukraine and develop recommendations for its improvement. The purpose of the article is to identify the problems of collecting environmental tax in Ukraine, using of funds accumulated through environmental taxation and justify the ways to solve existing problems in the context of European integration. Methods. The study used a number of general and special research methods, in particular: analysis, synthesis, generalization and statistical. Results. As a result of the study of the state of environmental taxation in Ukraine, the data on “green” revenues and expenditures of the State Budget of Ukraine are systematized, the structure and dynamics of revenues from various types of environmental payments are analyzed. The experience of ecological taxation in the countries of the European Union is analyzed. The problematic aspects of “green” public finances are outlined and ways to solve them are suggested. Perspectives. Further research should focus on assessing the relationship between environmental and economic policy of the state and economic development in general, to analyze the real and potential risks to business and the population, subject to the implementation of the government’s European integration commitments.

scholarly journals Do robots pose a threat to public revenues?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Pavel Semerád ◽  
Milena Otavová ◽  
Lucie Semerádová ◽  
Andrea Hrdličková ◽  
Bettina Matzka
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Health Insurance ◽  
The State ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company

The paper is focused on the area of introducing new technologies and the consequent impact on a more efficient functioning of a company, with an emphasis on reducing labour costs. A case study has been created for a company that replaced its employees with technology to reduce the dependence of its performance on the staff. Our aim was to quantify the impact of this managerial decision on the company,as well as to quantify the negative impact on the state budget. With this decision, the company will not only reduce its dependence on its staff, but also its labour costs by 88.14% while the performance will remain the same. It can be assumed that this will also have a significant impact on the sustainability of public finances,as the state will suffer a loss of income in the case of personal income tax as well as social/health insurance; the mandatory expenditure may also increase, such as in the case of paying social benefits to the unemployed. In view of the sustainability of public finances, the paper proposes recommendations that could address this negative impact.

scholarly journals DWELLING AND LIVING CONDITIONS OF THE STUDENTS OF ST. VOLODYMYR UNIVERSITY (1834-1863)

2018 ◽  
pp. 117-135
Author(s):  
Taras Samchuck
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Poor Students ◽  
The University ◽  
The Military

The article highlights the features of the living conditions of St. Vladimir University students during 1834-1863 years. The types of the housing of two main groups of students (who were educated and maintained by the state and from charitable givings and students who studied at their own expense) are analyzed in the article. A lot of attention was paid to the living conditions of students who were educated from state budget money. The location of the houses and estates in which they lived was defined in the article. It also was found that the living conditions of students who were educated and maintained by the state had a proper level of housing and were generally comfortable for them to live. At the same time, these types of dormitories for poor students were specially designed as a form of control with strict regulation of their everyday life. The habitats of students who were educated and maintained by the state were comfortable for students living and had a proper level of living conditions in general. At the same time, these habitats served as a form of control over university students. The habitats of students who studied at their own expense were significantly different in terms of living conditions. They usually rented accommodation from Kyiv burghers. Typically students rented one room for a few of them because it was cheaper. The poorest students of the university lived in uninhabited rooms (basements, attics). Often, poor living conditions caused a negative impact on students' health and learning progress. Students usually settled near university buildings and formed a compact quarter, mostly inhabited by university students. At the initial stage of the university existence (1834-1842), the students' dwellings were mainly located at Lypky and Pechersk, near the university's leased buildings. During the next period (1842-1863), students mostly settled not far from the main building of the university (red building) or near other buildings of the university, for example, near the anatomical theatre or the military hospital. The features of living conditions of students (heating, lighting, water supply, sanitary and hygienic conditions) are also described in the publication. These factors were very important in shaping student everyday life and influenced the creation of a special students’ lifestyle.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Changes in the Rate of the National Currency and the Ways of Its Stabilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermat Kadirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
National Currency ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Financial Pressure ◽  
Positive Balance

This scientific article analyzes the influence of such factors as the growth rate of prices of gross domestic product, the growth rate of prices for goods, works and services during the year, the state of the foreign trade balance, the balance of the state budget on the rate of the national currency of Uzbekistan, while considering their positive or negative impact , as well as a forecast of its further changes. On the basis of the study, individual proposals were formulated to stabilize and strengthen the exchange rate of the national currency in Uzbekistan, among them the development and implementation of a fundamentally new economic policy with the orientation of market reforms in sectors whose share is small in the creation of the country's domestic product, to develop measures using market instruments to reduce the financial pressure of foreign currencies, which exert significant pressure on the domestic financial market, developing measures to increase the minting of gold coins and establishing the issuance of treasury gold bonds, active privatization of inefficient state assets, stimulating exports and expanding the localization of imports, as well as to achieve a positive balance of payments by market mechanisms , an increase in state budget spending on economic development by reducing spending on the social sphere, defense and management, and more.

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