scholarly journals Changes in Polyphenol Content in Raspberry by Cultivation Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 333 ◽  
pp. 07013
Author(s):  
Ryo Kobori ◽  
Seiya Hashimoto ◽  
Hayato Koshimizu ◽  
Takashi Kawasaki ◽  
Akiko Saito
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Polyphenol Compounds ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultivation Environment

It is known that red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) contains various polyphenol compounds at high concentration and its functionality is expected to have health maintenance and disease prevention effect. Not only the fruits, but also the leaves of raspberry plants, are highly esteemed for tea making around the world and are largely used for food. Cultivation of raspberry in a plant factory unit and analysis of leaf extract under different cultivation conditions such as light intensity, wavelength and temperature showed that flavan-3-ol derivatives increase under blue light confirmed.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Red Raspberry Varieties throughout the-World

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Dale ◽  
Patrick P. Moore ◽  
Ronald J. McNicol ◽  
Thomas M. Sjulin ◽  
Leonid A. Burmistrov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Genetic Contribution ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Distinct Cluster ◽  
The World

Pedigrees of 137 red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) varieties released throughout the world since 1960 were used to calculate: 1) the genetic contribution of founding clones to these varieties; 2) genetic relatedness among them; and 3) their inbreeding coefficients. Fifty founding clones contributed to the pedigrees of these varieties with a mean genetic contribution ranging from <0.1% to 21%. Varieties were clustered according to the genetic contribution into groups strongly related to geographical origin. Varieties developed in the former USSR and derived from `Novost Kuzmina' formed a distinct cluster. The remaining varieties were clustered in groups based mainly on whether they were of North American or European origin. Varieties were clustered also on the basis of Wright's coefficient of relationship-a measure of genetic relatedness. Cluster groups were related to their geographical origin and the varieties within the groups could be traced to similar intermediate parents. Inbreeding coefficients ranged from 0.0 to 0.625 and were related, in part, to the numbers of generations of controlled hybridization from common ancestors. The British group, with the largest number of generations of breeding, had a low mean inbreeding coefficient, indicating that inbreeding can be minimized with attention to the mating system. Strategies are suggested for maintaining and increasing the genetic diversity in the world's red raspberry breeding populations.

scholarly journals Flavan-3-ols Content in Red Raspberry Leaves Increases under Blue Led-Light Irradiation

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Kobori ◽  
Seiya Hashimoto ◽  
Hayato Koshimizu ◽  
Shuich Yakami ◽  
Mizuki Hirai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Chalcone Synthase ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Polyphenol Compounds ◽  
The World ◽  
Berry Fruits ◽  
Effect Of Light

Berry fruits are well known to contain large amounts of polyphenol compounds. Among them, flavan-3-ol derivatives are a group of secondary metabolism compounds currently attracting a great deal of attention owing to their health benefits. Not only the fruits, but also the leaves of raspberry plants, are highly esteemed for tea making around the world and are largely used for food. In this report, we discuss the results of our study on the effect of light and temperature on polyphenol accumulation in raspberry leaves. When raspberry was cultivated in a plant factory unit and light intensity, wavelength, and temperature were varied, the amount of total polyphenol increased under blue light. Quantitative determination of (+)-catechin, (–)-epicatechin, procyanidin B4, flavan-3-ol trimer, which are flavan-3-ol derivatives, was carried out using HPLC, whereby we confirmed their increase under blue light. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed correlation between chalcone synthase (CHS) gene expression and the amounts of the compounds measured in the leaves.

Impact of an Open Trellis on Canopy Growth, Light Interception, Yield, and Leaf Physiology of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 468b-468
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Klauer ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Chuhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Upper Third

After promising results were obtained with an open-style split trellis (two top wires) in its initial year, two new trials were established in 1997 in northwest (Lynden) and southwest (Woodland) Washington. For the split trellis, actual yields were 33% (machine-picked 1/2 season) and 17% (hand-picked) greater, respectively, for the two locations compared to the conventional trellis (one top wire). In Woodland, canes from the split trellis had 33% more berries, 55% more laterals, 69% more leaves, and 25% greater leaf area compared with the conventional trellis. Greatest enhancement of these components was in the upper third of the canopy. Laterals were also shorter in this area of the split canopy, but there was no difference in average total length of lateral/cane between trellis types. Total dry weight/cane was 22% greater in the split trellis, but component partitioning/cane was consistent between the two systems with fruit + laterals (43%) having the greatest above-ground biomass, followed by the stem (30% to 33%) and the leaves (21% to 22%). Measurement of canopy width, circumference, and light interception showed that the split-trellis canopy filled in more quickly, and was larger from preanthesis through postharvest. Light interception near the top of the split canopy was 30% greater 1 month before harvest with 98% interception near the top and middle of that canopy. There was no difference between the trellis types in leaf CO2 assimilation, spectra, or fluorescence through the fruiting season, or in total nitrogen of postharvest primocane leaves.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) for Examining the Genomics Controlling Prickle Production in Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Archana Khadgi ◽  
Courtney A. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genotype By Sequencing

Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is an expanding high-value berry crop worldwide. The presence of prickles, outgrowths of epidermal tissues lacking vasculature, on the canes, petioles, and undersides of leaves complicates both field management and harvest. The utilization of cultivars with fewer prickles or prickle-free canes simplifies production. A previously generated population segregating for prickles utilizing the s locus between the prickle-free cultivar Joan J (ss) and the prickled cultivar Caroline (Ss) was analyzed to identify the genomic region associated with prickle development in red raspberry. Genotype by sequencing (GBS) was combined with a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) to analyze 8474 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and identify significant markers associated with the prickle-free trait. A total of four SNPs were identified on chromosome 4 that were associated with the phenotype and were located near or in annotated genes. This study demonstrates how association genetics can be used to decipher the genetic control of important horticultural traits in Rubus, and provides valuable information about the genomic region and potential genes underlying the prickle-free trait.

scholarly journals Combining QTL Mapping and Gene Expression Analysis to Elucidate the Genetic Control of ‘Crumbly’ Fruit in Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 794
Author(s):  
Luca M. Scolari ◽  
Robert D. Hancock ◽  
Pete E. Hedley ◽  
Jenny Morris ◽  
Kay Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Microarray Experiment ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Genotype By Sequencing ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

‘Crumbly’ fruit is a developmental disorder in raspberry that results in malformed and unsaleable fruits. For the first time, we define two distinct crumbly phenotypes as part of this work. A consistent crumbly fruit phenotype affecting the majority of fruits every season, which we refer to as crumbly fruit disorder (CFD) and a second phenotype where symptoms vary across seasons as malformed fruit disorder (MFD). Here, segregation of crumbly fruit of the MFD phenotype was examined in a full-sib family and three QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) were identified on a high density GbS (Genotype by Sequencing) linkage map. This included a new QTL and more accurate location of two previously identified QTLs. A microarray experiment using normal and crumbly fruit at three different developmental stages identified several genes that were differentially expressed between the crumbly and non-crumbly phenotypes within the three QTL. Analysis of gene function highlighted the importance of processes that compromise ovule fertilization as triggers of crumbly fruit. These candidate genes provided insights regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the genetic control of crumbly fruit in red raspberry. This study will contribute to new breeding strategies and diagnostics through the selection of molecular markers associated with the crumbly trait.

Food waste bioconversion into new food: A mini-review on nutrients circularity in the production of mushrooms, microalgae and insects

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110381
Author(s):  
Francesca Girotto ◽  
Laura Piazza
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
The World ◽  
Food And Feed

The global challenge of feeding an ever-increasing world population is leading scientists’ attention towards nutritious and sustainable foods whose production should have low impacts on environment, economy and society. In case the input feedstock can be waste nutrients, the label of such productions becomes even greener. Nutrients circularity is nowadays an important circular economy practice. This mini-review focuses on the valorisation of food waste as precious biomass to grow new food and feed. In particular, three functional edibles are discussed in the present paper: mushrooms, microalgae and insects. These foods are part of people diets since ages in certain areas of the world and the original aspect of their cultivation and breeding found on waste nutrients recovery is here reviewed. Proofs of such food waste biorefinery viability are already given by several researches featuring the main traits of a suitable growing medium: optimal pool of nutrients and optimal pH. However, lot of work still needs to be done in order to assess the optimal growth and cultivation conditions and the health security of the harvested/bred edibles. A SWOT factors analysis was performed.

CONCENTRATION AND REGIONALIZATION OF AGRICULTURE IN THE WORLD

2021 ◽  
Vol XIII (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Magdalena Golonko ◽  
Marcin Wysokiński ◽  
Arkadiusz Gromada
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Period

The main purpose of the article was to assess the regionalization of agricultural production in the world and the changes occurring in this aspect. The article presents the concentration level of agricultural production in the world by continent. The source of materials was data from FAOSTAT. The research period covered the years 2004 - 2016. In the analyzed period, the value of gross agricultural production doubled. Various trends were observed within the period studied. In the years 2004-2010, in all regions of the world, there was an increase in gross production of agriculture, while in the period 2010-2016 only in two – North America and Asia. It was noted that there was a high concentration of agricultural production, mainly concentrated in Asia and Europe. In the analyzed period, there was a relative increase in the share of agricultural production in Asia and South America as compared to other regions. Individual groups of agricultural products, such as cereals and animal production, were also analyzed. In both cases, concentration was different. The pace of concentration in animal production was higher than in plant production.

scholarly journals Macrophytes as a potential tool for crop production by providing nutrient as well as protection against common phyto pathogen

2021 ◽  
pp. bs202103
Author(s):  
Yachana Jha
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Chemical Inputs

Applications of synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides lead to several environmental hazards, causing damages to entire ecosystem. To reduce damage caused by such chemical inputs in agriculture and environment required a serious attention for replacement of chemicals input with eco-friendly options. In this study decaying macrophytes were selected as an option for organic agriculture, by analyzing its ability to provide important mineral nutrient to the maize crop grown in low nutrient soil as well as for providing resistant towards many common phyto-pathogens to enhance yield. The results of the study showed that decaying macrophytes have high concentration of stored important mineral nutrient in their body mass, which get released in the soil during its decay and to be used by the maize plant. The decaying macrophytes leaf extract have considerable amount of phenolic and flavonoids also having antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of the leaf extract has been analyzed against the common phyto-pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and S. aureus by agar disc method and the formation of clear zone indicate its potential as bio-control agent. So under intensive agricultural practices, application of such biological waste is of particular importance for enhancing soil fertility without chemical input, to ensure sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Performance of Three Primocane-fruiting Red Raspberry Cultivars in Ontario and Québec

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Privé ◽  
J.A. Sullivan ◽  
J.T.A. Proctor ◽  
O.B. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Genotype X Environment ◽  
Genotype X Environment Interactions ◽  
Consistent Performance

The influence of genotype x environment interactions on the performance of `Autumn Bliss' `Heritage' and `Redwing' primocane-fruiting (PF) red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars was studied at six sites across Ontario and Quebec during 1989 and 1990. Cultivar × location × year interactions were found for most vegetative and reproductive components analyzed. `Autumn Bliss' had the most consistent performance of the three cultivars in all location/year combinations, while `Redwing' varied greatly between environments. `Heritage' was always the latest-bearing of the three cultivars and failed to achieve its maximum yield potential in many of the northern locations.

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