188 EFFECT OF RABBIT SEMINAL PLASMA IN OVULATING RESPONSE

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Masdeu ◽  
R. M. García-García ◽  
P. Millán ◽  
L. Revuelta ◽  
O. G. Sakr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Artificial Vagina

The presence of an ovulation-inducing factor (OIF) in the seminal plasma (SP) of several species with spontaneous and induced ovulation, included the rabbit, has been documented. The biochemical identity of OIF in SP remains unknown, but it seems that OIF is a protein (Ratto et al. 2011 Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 9, 24). The aim of this study was to determine if the protein present in the rabbit SP could induce ovulation in a dose manner and provoke changes in plasma hormone concentrations [LH and progesterone (P4)]. Semen was collected from 12 male rabbits using an artificial vagina, pooled, centrifugated at 3000g for 30 min twice and analysed by Bradford method to determine protein concentration that was 7 mg protein mL–1 of SP. After storage at –80°C, the SP was lyophilized for use at different concentrations. Twenty-four females were synchronized with an i.m. injection of 25 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin and randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 6). Forty-eight hours later (day 0) they were given a single i.m. dose of 1) 1 mL of saline solution (SS; negative control), 2) 20 µg of gonadorelin (GnRH; positive control), 3) 1 mL of lyophilized SP diluted in SS containing 7 mg of protein (SP7), 4) 1 mL of lyophilized SP diluted in SS containing 14 mg of protein (SP14). Blood samples for LH measurement were taken every 30 min from 30 min before injection to 2 h after treatment. Blood samples for P4 measurement were taken every 2 days from Day 0 to Day 6. Hormone determinations were made by enzyme immunoassay. Ovulation rate (OR), number of corpora lutea (CL), follicles higher than 1 mm, and total number of hemorrhagic follicles were determined after euthanasia on Day 7. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA. The OR was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in GnRH than in SS, SP7, and SP14 groups (OR: 100, 0, 0, and 8.3%, respectively). Total number of CL counted in does that ovulated in GnRH and SP14 groups was not different (13.7 ± 0.8 and 9 ± 0.0 CL, respectively; P < 0.0001). No statistical differences were observed between groups on the number of follicles higher than 1 mm (GnRH: 17 ± 2.4; SS: 15 ± 1.6; SP7: 11.7 ± 2.6; SP14: 14.8 ± 0.9) and anovulatory hemorrhagic follicles (GnRH: 2.3 ± 0.9; SS: 0.2 ± 0.2; PS: 1.7 ± 0.8; PS 14: 1.7 ± 1.5). Treatment was followed by a surge in plasma LH concentration beginning 30 min after treatment to 120 min in GnRH group ranging ~75 ng mL–1, whereas in the other groups it remained at basal levels (around 20 ng mL–1; P < 0.0001). Plasma P4 concentrations were significantly increased from Day 2 to 6 (4.7 ± 0.7 to 22.3 ± 3.7 ng mL–1; P < 0.0001) only in rabbits treated with GnRH. Plasma P4 concentrations did not vary throughout the experimental period in all OIF-treated rabbits. The present study failed to demonstrate the effect of 3 different dosages of OIF of the rabbit SP on induction of ovulation. More studies are necessary to elucidate if rabbit SP could induce ovulation in rabbit females. We acknowledge CM and MEC for funding.

2 EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF OVULATION-INDUCING FACTOR IN PORCINE AND EQUINE SEMINAL PLASMA

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Bogle ◽  
D. Ambati ◽  
R. P. Davis ◽  
G. P. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples

The presence of an ovulation-inducing factor (OIF) in the seminal plasma of llamas and alpacas (reflex ovulators) and cattle (spontaneous ovulators) has been reported previously (Ratto MH et al. 2006 Theriogenology 66, 1102–1106). The presence of this protein in unrelated species supports the hypothesis that OIF is a conserved factor among species. The objectives of this study were to determine if OIF was present in equine and porcine seminal plasma, and whether the proportion of test animals (llamas) that ovulated in response to treatment with seminal plasma was related to dose. In Experiment 1, female llamas were assigned randomly to four groups (n = 8 or 9 per group) and treated intramuscularly with 1 mL llama seminal plasma (positive control), 3 mL equine seminal plasma, 3 mL porcine seminal plasma, or 2 mL saline (negative control). Ovulation and maximum corpus luteum diameter were compared using ultrasonography and confirmed with blood samples taken on Day 7 (Day 0 = day of treatment) to determine plasma progesterone concentration. The diameter of the preovulatory follicle at the time of treatment did not differ among groups. Equine seminal plasma induced ovulations in 3/8 (38%) llamas compared to 0/8 (0%) llamas treated with saline or porcine seminal plasma (P = 0.1). The proportion of females that ovulated was lower in the equine group (P < 0.01) compared with those animals treated with llama seminal plasma (9/9; 100%). Of the animals that ovulated, maximum CL diameter did not differ between llama and equine seminal plasma-treated groups (mean ± SEM; 11.1 ± 1.1, 11.5 ± 1.5, respectively). Similarly, progesterone concentrations were not different among llamas treated with llama seminal plasma or equine seminal plasma (mean ± SEM; 3.1 ± 0.4, 3.7 ± 1.2, respectively). The design of Experiment 2 was the same, but the dose of equine and porcine seminal plasma was increased to 8 mL and 10 mL, respectively. The proportion of females that ovulated was less (P < 0.05) in equine (2/9) and porcine (3/9) seminal plasma groups compared with the group treated with llama seminal plasma (9/9). There were no ovulations detected in llamas treated with saline (0/8). Although differences between equine, porcine, and negative control groups did not reach significance, results provide some evidence for the presence of OIF in equine and porcine seminal plasma. The effect of dose of equine and porcine seminal plasma is equivocal, suggesting that the concentration of OIF in the seminal plasma of these species may be very low and the optimal dose for inducing ovulation in test animals had not been reached. Research supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada.

Ranitidine as an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor in acute methanol toxicity in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal A El-Bakary ◽  
Sahar A El-Dakrory ◽  
Sohayla M Attalla ◽  
Nawal A Hasanein ◽  
Hala A Malek
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Methanol Poisoning ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Methanol poisoning is a hazardous intoxication characterized by visual impairment and formic acidemia. The therapy for methanol poisoning is alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitors to prevent formate accumulation. Ranitidine has been considered to be an inhibitor of both gastric alcohol and hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes. This study aimed at testing ranitidine as an antidote for methanol acute toxicity and comparing it with ethanol and 4-methyl pyrazole (4-MP). This study was conducted on 48 Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into 6 groups, with 8 rats in each group (one negative control group [C1], two positive control groups [C2, C3] and three test groups [1, 2 and 3]). C2, C3 and all test groups were exposed to nitrous oxide by inhalation, then, C3 group was given methanol (3 g/kg orally). The three test groups 1, 2 and 3 were given ethanol (0.5 g/kg orally), 4-MP (15 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and ranitidine (30 mg/kg intraperitoneally), respectively, 4 hours after giving methanol. Rats were sacrificed and heparinized, cardiac blood samples were collected for blood pH and bicarbonate. Non-heparinized blood samples were collected for formate levels by high performance liquid chromatography. Eye balls were enucleated for histological examination of the retina. Ranitidine corrected metabolic acidosis (p = .025), decreased formate levels (p = .014) and improved the histological findings in the retina induced by acute methanol toxicity.

164 EFFECT OF OVULATION-INDUCING FACTOR (OIF) ON OVARIAN FUNCTION IN CATTLE

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Van Steelandt ◽  
V. M. Tanco ◽  
M. H. Ratto ◽  
G. P. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Wave Dynamics ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
As Species

Systemic administration of ovulation-inducing factor (OIF), discovered recently in seminal plasma of llamas, alpacas (induced ovulators), and cattle (spontaneous ovulators), stimulated ovulation in >90% of female llamas and alpacas. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that purified OIF from llama seminal plasma would induce ovulation in cattle. Peripubertal heifers, weighing 323 � 27 kg, were used to minimize the confounding effect of spontaneous ovulation. Heifers (n = 11/group) were treated intramuscularly with 1.0 mg/100 kg of purified OIF, 100 µg of GnRH (positive control), or 2.5 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (negative control). Ovarian dynamics were monitored daily by transrectal ultrasonography for 10 days post-treatment. Blood samples were collected at 0.5- to 1-h intervals for 8 h, beginning at the time of treatment. Ovulation occurred in 9/11 (82%) of GnRH-treated heifers and in 1/11 (9%) heifers in each of the OIF- and saline-treated groups (P < 0.05). A surge in plasma LH concentration was detected within 30 min of treatment in the GnRH group (2.2 � 0.1 ng mL–1; P < 0.05), but remained at the basal level in the OIF- and saline-treated groups (0.3 � 0.1 and 0.2 � 0.1 ng mL–1, respectively). The onset of regression of the dominant follicle present at the time of treatment was earlier (P < 0.05) in OIF- v. saline-treated heifers (3.1 � 0.6 days v. 6.0 � 0.7 days). The interval from treatment to follicular wave emergence was shorter (P < 0.05) in GnRH- and OIF-treated heifers than in those treated with saline (1.1 � 0.4 days, 1.5 � 0.3 days, and 3.1 � 0.3 days, respectively). A similar pattern was observed for emergence of the second follicular wave (5.1 � 0.7 days, 4.6 � 0.5 days, and 6.6 � 0.4 days, respectively). Purified OIF did not induce ovulation in heifers but hastened both the regression of the extant dominant follicle and follicular wave emergence. Results provide a rationale for the hypothesis that OIF from seminal plasma is involved in controlling follicular wave dynamics in spontaneously ovulating species (e.g., Bos taurus) through a suppressive effect on the dominant follicle. The mechanism of action on ovarian follicular wave dynamics, as well as species specificity, remains to be elucidated.

Galla chinensis Compounds Remineralize Enamel Caries Lesions in a Rat Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tie-Ting Zhang ◽  
Hui-Jing Guo ◽  
Xue-Jun Liu ◽  
Jin-Pu Chu ◽  
Xue-Dong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Enamel Caries ◽  
Caries Lesions

Objectives: To investigate the effect of Galla chinensis chemical compounds on enamel caries remineralization in rats. Methods: A total of 40 rats were inoculated with Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 and fed a cariogenic diet (Keyes 2000). The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated topically twice a day with each of the following extracts (or control) for 5 weeks: distilled and deionized water (DDW, negative control); 1,000 ppm NaF (positive control); 4,000 ppm G. chinensis crude aqueous extract (GCE), or 4,000 ppm gallic acid (GA). After the experimental period, Keyes' caries diagnosis and scoring technique was applied as a preliminary evaluation on the molar teeth. For more accurate remineralization data, the residual enamel volume of the first molar and the mineral density (MD) of the enamel were further analyzed by micro-CT. Results: The severity of molar enamel caries decreased in the following order of treatment groups: DDW > GA > GCE > NaF (p < 0.05). In addition, the residual first molar enamel volume and MD values increased in the order of DDW, GA, GCE and NaF treatment groups (p < 0.05). In most molars, remineralization layers were observed on the surface of lesions. Conclusion:G. chinensis compounds remineralize enamel caries lesions in a rat model.

scholarly journals Biological Effect of Leaf Aqueous Extract ofCaesalpinia pyramidalisin Goats Naturally Infected with Gastrointestinal Nematodes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Robson Borges-dos-Santos ◽  
Jorge A. López ◽  
Luciano C. Santos ◽  
Farouk Zacharias ◽  
Jorge Maurício David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Leaf Aqueous Extract ◽  
The Mean

Forty-eight goats naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes were randomly divided into four groups (n=12): negative control (G1) (untreated), positive control (G2) (treated with doramectin, 1 mL/50 Kg b.w.), and G3 and G4 treated with 2.5 and 5 mg/Kg b.w. of a leaf aqueous extract ofCaesalpinia pyramidalis(CP). Fecal and blood samples were regularly collected for the evaluation of fecal egg count (FEC), hematological and immunological parameters to assess the anthelmintic activity. In treated animals with CP, there was noted a significant reduction of 54.6 and 71.2% in the mean FEC (P<0.05). An increase in IgA levels was observed in G3 and G4 (P<0.05), during the experimental period, suggesting that it was stimulated by the extract administration. In conclusion, the results showed that CP provoked a protective response in infected animals treated with them. This response could be partly explained by the CP chemical composition.

scholarly journals The Ethanol Extract of Avocado (Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae)) Seeds Successfully Induces Implant Regression and Restores Ovarian Dynamic in a Rat Model of Endometriosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Stéphane Minko Essono ◽  
Marie Alfrede Mvondo ◽  
Esther Ngadjui ◽  
François Xavier Kemka Nguimatio ◽  
Pierre Watcho
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease with conventional therapies which do not have desirable effectiveness and possess many side effects. Scientific evidences suggest that medicinal plants with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and/or antiproliferative properties are potential alternatives for the treatment of endometriosis. The ethanol extract of Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) seeds was found exhibiting antiproliferative properties in vitro and in vivo. This study therefore is aimed at investigating the effects of such an extract on an experimental model of endometriosis. Endometriosis was induced by grafting uterine fragments onto the peritoneum of female Wistar rats. After checking the success of the transplantation surgery, animals with endometriosis were orally treated with the ethanol extract of P. americana seeds at the doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg. The positive control was treated with letrozole (10 mg/kg) while the negative control received the vehicle. Treatments lasted 7 days and animals were sacrificed thereafter. Endometrial implant volume was determined. Estradiol and progesterone levels were measured in serum samples and endometriosis lesions. The oxidative status of endometriosis lesions was evaluated. Histological analysis of endometriosis lesions, uterus, and ovaries was also performed. Results showed that the ethanol extract of P. americana seeds decreased endometrial implant volume (p<0.001) and serum levels of estradiol and progesterone (p<0.01). The levels of estradiol also decreased in endometriosis lesions at doses of 12.5 and 50 mg/kg (p<0.001). Both malondialdehyde and glutathione levels increased in endometriosis lesions (p<0.001). The ectopic endometrium height decreased and the number of antral follicles and corpora lutea (p<0.05) increased while that of luteinized unruptured follicles decreased (p<0.001). In conclusion, the ethanol extract of P. americana seeds displayed an antiendometriosis effect suggesting that it could be a potential alternative for the treatment of endometriosis.

scholarly journals Effect of dental adhesives on the exudative phase of the inflammatory process in subcutaneous tissue of rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halim Nagem-Filho ◽  
César Roberto Monteiro ◽  
Haline Drumond Nagem ◽  
José Luiz Lage-Marques
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Dentin Bonding ◽  
One Step ◽  
Bonding Systems ◽  
Standard Steel

The vascular changes in the subcutaneous connective tissue of rats induced by dentin bonding systems (one step) was studied and compared to those induced by saline solution (negative control) and Furacin (positive control), during the exudative phase of the inflammatory process. Twenty mg/kg of Evan's blue were injected intravenously in the vein of the rats' penises; 0.1 ml of each substance tested was inoculated in the subcutaneous tissue. After a 3 hour period the animals were sacrificed and their skins were excised and punched out with a standard steel 2.5 cm in diameter. The specimens were immediately immersed in 8 ml of formamide and taken to a double boiler for 72 hours at 37ºC, to remove the dye. The liquid containing the overflowed dye was filtered, analyzed in the spectrophotometer (620 nm) and classified according to the criteria established by Nagem-Filho, Pereira (1976). After statistical analysis, the irritative potential of the substances was ranked as follows: Furacin (severe) > Single Bond and Bond 1 (moderate - no significant differences between the dentin bonding systems tested) > saline solution (not significant as regards the irritation degree).

scholarly journals Protective and immunostimulatory effects of in-feed preparations of an anticoccidial, a probiotic, a vitamin-selenium complex, and Ferulago angulata extract in broiler chickens infected with Eimeria species

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Nooreh ◽  
Kamran Taherpour ◽  
Hossein Ali Ghasemi ◽  
Mohammad Akbari Gharaei ◽  
Hassan Shirzadi
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Intestinal Lesion ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Specific Igg

Abstract Background Two experiments were conducted to compare the growth-promoting (experiment 1), protective, and immunostimulatory effects (experiment 2) of salinomycin, probiotic, a vitamin-selenium complex, and Ferulago angulata hydroalcoholic extract (FAE) against coccidiosis in broilers. In each experiment, 350 1-day-old broiler chickens were equally divided in 7 groups: uninfected negative control (NC); infected positive control (PC); or PC supplemented with salinomycin (Sal); probiotic (Pro); a combination of vitamin E, vitamin C, and selenium (ECSe); 200 mg/kg of FAE (FAE200); or 400 mg/kg of FAE (FAE400). All these groups (except NC) were challenged via oral gavage with oocysts of mixed Eimeria spp. on d 10 (experiment 1) or d 14 (experiment 2). Results In the first trial, all treatments improved growth and feed conversion compared with the PC group, where the best values were noticed in the NC and FAE400 groups throughout the entire experimental period (d 1 to 42). Further, a lower mortality rate (P < 0.05) was observed in the NC, Sal, and FAE400 groups as compared to that in the PC group. In the second trial, intestinal lesion scores and total oocyst numbers were reduced in the Sal, Pro, and FAE400 groups compared to the PC group, albeit all coccidiosis-challenged groups had higher oocyst shedding (P < 0.05) compared to NC group. Immune responses revealed that among challenged birds, those fed diets Pro, ECSE, and FAE400 had significantly higher primary total and secondary total and IgG antibody titers against sheep red blood cells, serum and cecum specific IgG levels, and serum IFN-γ concentration than the PC group. Conclusions Considering the results, dietary FAE, especially at high levels of inclusion in broiler diet (400 mg/kg), could beneficially influence growth performance and immune status under coccidiosis challenge, which was comparable to that of probiotic supplement.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a single-tuft toothbrush for control of newly formed dental biofilm

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iohana Hasegawa ◽  
Camila Veríssimo ◽  
Victor Angelo Montalli ◽  
Marcelo Sperandio ◽  
Daiane Cristina Peruzzo
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Gingival Bleeding

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of a single-tuft toothbrush (STB) with conventional toothbrushes (CT) to control dental biofilm neoformation in the dentogingival area. Methods: For this cross-sectional  prospective blind study, 20 periodontally healthy subjects were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups: STB; CT; CHX - chlorhexidine mouthwash (positive control) and PS - placebo mouthwash (negative control). The subjects were instructed to use only the assigned care method for 72 h with a 7-day washout period between experiments. The evaluated parameters were visible and disclosed plaque indices (PI and DPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI) at baseline (T-0) and at the end of each experimental period (T-72). Results: Data analysis demonstrated that at T-0 no difference was observed for any of the parameters (p>0.05); after 72 h, CT, STB and CHX showed equivalente effectiveness at controlling biofilm. When the PI data were analyzed, between T-0 and T-72, STB was similar to CT and CHX (p<0.05), whereas for DPI, STB was significantly superior to the other methods. Except for PS, all methods yielded similar results for GBI (p<0.05). Conclusions: The tested STB was effective at controlling short-term dental biofilm neoformation on the dentogingival area.

scholarly journals 271 INDUCTION OF OVULATION IN RABBIT DOES USING PURIFIED NERVE GROWTH FACTOR AND CAMEL SEMINAL PLASMA

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Masdeu ◽  
R. M. Garcia-Garcia ◽  
R. Cardinali ◽  
P. Millan ◽  
M. Arias Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Mechanical Stimulus ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Submandibular Glands ◽  
Induced Ovulation ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin

The presence of an ovulation-inducing factor (OIF) in the seminal plasma (SP) of several species with spontaneous and induced ovulation, including the rabbit, has been documented. Recent studies have demonstrated that the OIF in the SP of camels (SPCAM) is a nerve growth factor (β-NGF). The aim of this study was to determine if purified β-NGF from mouse submandibular glands or SPCAM could provoke ovulation induction in the rabbit doe. A total of 35 females were synchronized with 25 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (Serigan, Laboratorios Ovejero, Spain) and allocated into 4 groups. Forty-eight hours later (Day 0), does were given a single dose (IM) of 1 mL of saline solution (SS; n = 8); 1 mL of gonadorelin (GnRH; Inducel, Laboratorios Ovejero, Spain; n = 9); 24 µg of β-NGF (2.5S-NGF; Promega, USA; n = 10); or 1 mL of centrifuged raw camel SP (SPCAM; 127 pg mL–1 NGF; n = 8). After treatment, an empty catheter was introduced through the vagina to simulate the nervous/mechanical stimulus of coitus (4 animals per group). Plasma LH concentrations were determined in blood samples taken 30 min before treatment and at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after injection. Progesterone concentrations were assessed at 0 and 120 min and every 2 days until Day 6 after treatment. Concentrations of β-NGF in camel SP and hormone determinations were made by enzyme immunoassay. Ovulation rate (OR) was determined after euthanasia on Day 7. Statistical analyses using CATMOD and MIXED procedures of the SAS program to compare OR data and hormone concentrations, respectively, were performed. Ovulation occurred in 100% of GnRH (9/9), 33% (3/10) of NGF, 25% (2/8) of SS, and 0% (0/8) of SPCAM groups. Both NGF and SS ovulated females had significantly lower LH concentration than GnRH group throughout all preovulatory surge (P < 0.001). When does were not stimulated with catheter introduction, only those from the GnRH (5/5) and NGF (1/6) groups ovulated. Total number of corpora lutea in ovulated does was similar (15.9 ± 1.9, 17.0 ± 4.2, and 14.3 ± 3.1 CL in GnRH, SS, and NGF groups, respectively). Plasma P4 concentrations were normally increased from Day 2 to 6 in ovulated rabbits of all groups, but were lower at 120 min (P < 0.001) for the NGF and SS does, reaching similar levels than GnRH does at 6 days post-treatment. In the present study, β-NGF from mouse submandibular glands, but not from raw camel SP, induced ovulation in rabbit females, independently of nervous stimulus. Nonetheless, the possible low dose of β-NGF used and the origin could have been responsible for the lack of a more acute effect.We acknowledge CM, FSE, and AGL2011-23822 for funding.

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