scholarly journals Acute administration of red yeast rice (Monascus purpureus) depletes tissue coenzyme Q10 levels in ICR mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Ting Yang ◽  
Shyh-Hsiang Lin ◽  
Shih-Yi Huang ◽  
Hsin-Ju Chou
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Coenzyme Q ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Red Yeast Rice ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Red Yeast ◽  
Human Dose

In this study, we attempted to evaluate the effect of administration of a high quantity of red yeast rice on coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) synthesis in the tissues of ICR mice. Eighty-eight adult male ICR mice were housed and divided into control and experimental groups for red yeast rice treatment. Animals were gavaged with a low (1 g/kg body weight) or a high dose (5 g/kg body weight, approximately five times the typical recommended human dose) of red yeast rice dissolved in soyabean oil. After gavagement, animals of the control group were immediately killed; mice of the experimental groups (eight for each subgroup) were killed at different time intervals of 0·5, 1, 1·5, 4 and 24 h. The liver, heart and kidney were taken for analysis of monacolin K (liver only) and CoQ10 analysis. Liver and heart CoQ10 levels declined dramatically in both groups administered red yeast rice, especially in the high-dose group, within 30 min. After 24 h, the levels of hepatic and cardiac CoQ10 were still reduced. A similar trend was also observed in the heart, but the inhibitory effect began after 90 min. The higher dose of red yeast rice presented a greater suppressive effect than did the lower dose on tissue CoQ10 levels. In conclusion, acute red yeast rice gavage suppressed hepatic and cardiac CoQ10 levels in rodents; furthermore, the inhibitory effect was responsive to the doses administered.

scholarly journals Palmitoylethanolamide: Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study in Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 109158182098607
Author(s):  
Narendra S. Deshmukh ◽  
Shailesh Gumaste ◽  
Silma Subah ◽  
Nathasha Omal Bogoda
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Human Dose ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Effect Level

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous ethanolamine playing a protective and homeodynamic role in animals and plants. Prenatal developmental toxicity of PEA was tested following oral administration to pregnant female Wistar rats, from days 0 to 19 of gestation, at dosage of 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg body weight, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Test Guideline No. 414. On gestation day 20, cesarean sections were performed on the dams, followed by examination of their ovaries and uterine contents. The fetuses were further examined for external, visceral, and skeletal abnormalities. Palmitoylethanolamide did not cause any alterations at any of the given dosages in the measured maternal parameters of systemic toxicity (body weight, food consumption, survival, thyroid functions, organ weight, histopathology), reproductive toxicity (preimplantation and postimplantation losses, uterus weight, number of live/dead implants and early/late resorptions, litter size and weights, number of fetuses, their sex ratio), and fetal external, visceral, or skeletal observations. Any alterations that were recorded were “normal variations” or “minor anomalies,” which were unrelated to treatment with PEA. Under the condition of this prenatal study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of PEA for maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity, fetotoxicity, and teratogenicity in rats was found to be >1,000 mg/kg body weight/d. It indicates that PEA is well tolerated by and is safe to pregnant rats even at a high dose of 1,000 mg/kg body weight/d, equivalent to a human dose of greater than 9.7 g/d. This prenatal developmental toxicity study contributes greatly in building a robust safety profile for PEA.

Red yeast rice and coenzyme Q10 as safe alternatives to surmount atorvastatin-induced myopathy in hyperlipidemic rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 481-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan Abdelbaset ◽  
Marwa M. Safar ◽  
Sawsan S. Mahmoud ◽  
Seham A. Negm ◽  
Azza M. Agha
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Coenzyme Q ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Red Yeast Rice ◽  
Red Yeast ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Endogenous Synthesis

Statins are the first line treatment for the management of hyperlipidemia. However, the primary adverse effect limiting their use is myopathy. This study examines the efficacy and safety of red yeast rice (RYR), a source of natural statins, as compared with atorvastatin, which is the most widely used synthetic statin. Statin interference with the endogenous synthesis of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) prompted the hypothesis that its deficiency may be implicated in the pathogenesis of statin-associated myopathy. Hence, the effects of combination of CoQ10 with either statin have been evaluated. Rats were rendered hyperlipidemic through feeding them a high-fat diet for 90 days, during the last 30 days of the diet they were treated daily with either atorvastatin, RYR, CoQ10, or combined regimens. Lipid profile, liver function tests, and creatine kinase were monitored after 15 and 30 days of drug treatments. Heart contents of CoQ9 and CoQ10 were assessed and histopathological examination of the liver and aortic wall was performed. RYR and CoQ10 had the advantage over atorvastatin in that they lower cholesterol without elevating creatine kinase, a hallmark of myopathy. RYR maintained normal levels of heart ubiquinones, which are essential components for energy production in muscles. In conclusion, RYR and CoQ10 may offer alternatives to overcome atorvastatin-associated myopathy.

scholarly journals Acute Oral Toxicity Test of Selected Philippine Indigenous Berries as Potential Food Supplements

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 684-684
Author(s):  
Maria Amelita Estacio ◽  
Liezl Atienza ◽  
Roxanne Gapasin ◽  
Jonna Rose Maniwang ◽  
James Ryan Aranzado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Freeze Dried

Abstract Objectives “Bignay” (Antidesma bunius), “lipote” (Syzygium polycephaloides) and “duhat” (Syzgium cumini) are indigenous berries in the Philippines that are known to contain high antioxidant properties and other health-promoting and disease-preventing compounds. However, oral toxicity studies on these berries are not yet explored. Hence, this study evaluated the acute oral toxicity of these berries in freeze-dried forms using 6-week old ICR mice following the OECD guidelines 425 (up and down method). Methods Treatment groups were administered with freeze-dried powders of “bignay”, “lipote” and “duhat” reconstituted in distilled water at various doses: 55 mg/kg body weight (BW), 175 mg/kg BW, 550 mg/kg BW, 2000 mg/kg BW and 5000 mg/kg BW while control group was administered with distilled water. Body weight, feed and water intake were obtained daily. Biochemical profiles were measured prior to administration of reconstituted berries at day 1 and prior to euthanasia. Toxicity, morbidity and mortality cases were observed daily. Euthanasia and necropsy were performed to check for gross organ abnormalities. Results Mice that received the different concentrations of “bignay”, “lipote” and “duhat” had normal feed and water consumption and gained weight during the test period. No clinical and behavioral signs of toxicity were observed and there was zero morbidity and mortality. Post-mortem evaluation showed no lesions on various organs examined. Blood ALT, BUN and creatinine levels were within normal published values. Conclusions These results show that different concentrations of freeze-dried “bignay”, “lipote” and “duhat” are non-toxic using ICR mice and therefore have high potential to be developed into food supplements and nutraceuticals. Funding Sources Philippine Council for Health Research and Development - Department of Food Science and Technology Enhanced Creative Work and Research Grant - Office of Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, University of the Philippines.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Humic Acid Sodium and Zinc Oxide on Growth Performance, Immune Status and Antioxidant Capacity of Weaned Piglets

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2104
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Jiafu Ying ◽  
Peng Zou ◽  
Yuanhao Zhou ◽  
Baikui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Basic Diet

At present, the widespread use of high-dose zinc oxide and antibiotics to prevent post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets has caused serious environmental problems. To solve this problem, we studied the effect of HNa as a substitute for zinc oxide (ZnO) and antibiotics on the growth performance, immune status, and antioxidant capacity of piglets. Seventy-two weaned piglets (body weight = 7.42 ± 0.85 kg, 26-d-old) were distributed in a randomized 2 × 3 factorial design (two sexes and three treatments) with six replicates of four piglets each. The three treatments were the control diet (basic diet), HNa diet (basic diet + 2000 mg/kg sodium humate), and ZoA group (basic diet + 1600 mg/kg zinc oxide + 1000 mg/kg oxytetracycline calcium). ANOVA and Chi-square tests were applied to compare the means (p < 0.05) between treatments. The results showed that body weight at 16 and 30 d and the average daily gain of piglets fed with HNa or ZoA were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the control group. Supplementing HNa or ZoA significantly increased (p < 0.05) the level of immunoglobulin M and G, and reduced (p < 0.05) the concentration of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukins IL-6 and IL-1β, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and diamine oxidase (DAO). Furthermore, dietary HNa or ZnO significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the level of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) compared with the control group. ZoA treatment showed an upward trend of IgA level and a downward trend of the concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and catalase (CAT). Overall, the study demonstrated that the addition of HNa in the diet partially replaced antibiotics and ZnO to improve the growth performance, immune function, and antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets, and maintained a good preventive effect on piglet diarrhea.

scholarly journals Enhanced intestinal 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose uptake under metformin is not fully suppressed by loperamide

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Tomomi Nobashi ◽  
Tsuneo Saga ◽  
Yuji Nakamoto ◽  
Yoichi Shimizu ◽  
Sho Koyasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
And Control

AbstractObjective. This study investigated whether the metformin (Met)-induced enhanced intestinal uptake of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) is reduced by loperamide, a long-acting anti-diarrheal agent. Methods. Mean18F-FDG uptake in the mouse small intestine and colon with Met exposure was compared with that in control mice. In the Met group, high-dose (1.0 mg/kg body weight) and low-dose (0.1 mg/kg body weight) loperamide were introduced, and18F-FDG uptake in the small intestine and colon was compared with that of control mice administered high-dose loperamide. The percent injected dose of18F-FDG per gram of tissue (%ID/g) in the extracted tissues was then determined. Results.18F-FDG uptake increased significantly in the small intestine (0.64±0.06 vs. 1.01±0.15, p=0.040) and, especially, the colon (0.46±0.13 vs. 2.16±0.51, p<0.001) after Met exposure. Neither high-dose nor low-dose loperamide significantly reduced18F-FDG uptake in the small intestine (0.82±0.31 vs. 0.84±0.22, p=0.93 and 0.78±0.25 vs. 0.70±0.15, p=0.13, respectively) or colon (2.13±0.41 vs. 1.67±0.55, p=0.063 and 1.77±0.39 vs. 1.80±0.25, p=0.56, respectively). The colonic %ID/g was significantly higher in Met groups irrespective of loperamide introduction than in control group, whereas the significant difference in the small intestine was observed only between Met and control groups. Conclusion. Metformin increased18F-FDG uptake in intestines especially in colon. Loperamide administration partially, but not sufficiently, suppresses the Met-induced increased colonic uptake of18F-FDG.

scholarly journals Aloe Vera Protects Fluoride Induced Teratogenic Effects During Pre- and Postnatal Development in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Mathur ◽  
Shilpa Choudhary ◽  
Pradeep Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Group I

Abstract Pregnancy and feto-gestational toxicities on exposure to fluoride (F) and its possible amelioration on co-administration with Aloe-vera were studied in pregnant Swiss albino mice. Once the confirmed pregnancy was tested, animals were equally divided into four groups and were given following treatment. Group I was given no treatment and served as Control, Group II and III were administered sodium fluoride, 100 and 300 ppm respectively while group IV was co-administered with sodium fluoride, 300 ppm and Aloe-vera (300mg/kg) daily for 14 days prior to gestation and continued till the 18th day of gestation. Animals were sacrificed `on the 19th day of gestation for prenatal observations. Maternal body weight, the gravid uterine weight, number of corpora lutea in both the ovaries, number of implantations and resorptions, number of live (mature and immature ) male and female fetuses as well as number of dead fetuses were examined in each dam. The treatment continued in another set of animals till the completion of weaning period to observe postnatal changes due to test substances on the mother and pups. Sodium fluoride treated animals showed morphometric and skeletal changes which were more pronounced in the high dose group showing significantly decreased body weight gain in pregnant mothers; and dead/immature fetuses. Morphometric changes included open eyelids, limb defects, wrinkles on whole body, anophthalmias, pulmonary edema, enlarged esophagus and decreased body weight of fetuses and pups. Alizarin prepared skeletal structures of fetuses of such female mice showed delayed ossification or bending in number of bones of skull, thoracic and limb regions. However, concomitant exposure to Sodium Fluoride and Aloe-vera treated animals, there was a marked improvement in all the prenatal and postnatal variables. The study suggests that Sodium fluoride at the high concentrations may be teratogenic while co-administration of Aloe-vera during fluoride exposure might be beneficial in reducing these toxic effects. We thus recommend use of aloe vera as preventive agent or as a complimentary agent during fluoride treatment.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN ANGKAK (Red Yeast Rice) TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL TOTAL DAN TRIGLISERIDA PADA WANITA PENDERITA HIPERLIPIDEMIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-577
Author(s):  
Balgis Balgis ◽  
Binar Panunggal
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Red Yeast Rice ◽  
Red Yeast ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Total P ◽  
True Experiment

Latar Belakang : Hiperlipidemia merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah. Angkak mengandung Monakolin K, yaitu metabolit sekunder yang dapat menghambat kerja enzim HMG-KoA reduktase sehingga menghambat sintesis kolesterol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian angkak (Red Yeast Rice) terhadap kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida pada wanita penderita hiperlipidemia.  Metode : Jenis penelitian adalah true experiment dengan rancangan control group pre test – post test. Subjek adalah 38 wanita hiperlipidemia dengan kadar kolesterol total ≥200 mg/dl dan atau kadar trigliserida ≥150mg/dl, kelompok perlakuan mendapat 4.8 g/hari angkak dan kelompok kontrol mendapat plasebo. Intervensi dilakukan selama 14 hari. Metode CHOD-PAP digunakan untuk menganalisis kadar kolesterol total dan metode GPO-PAP digunakan untuk menganalisis kadar trigliserida, darah diambil setelah subyek berpuasa selama 10 jam. Uji normalitas menggunakan Shapiro Wilk. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji dependent t-test, Wilcoxon, independent t-test dan Mann Whitney.Hasil : Rerata kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida sebelum intervensi kelompok perlakuan berturut-turut yaitu 227,52 mg/dl dan 166,57 mg/dl. Rerata kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida setelah intervensi kelompok perlakuan berturut-turut yaitu 234.31 mg/dl dan 123.36 mg/dl. Konsumsi angkak dengan dosis 4.8 g/hari tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar kolesterol total (p=0.370) dan trigliserida (p=0.099). Tidak ada perbedaan kadar kolesterol total (p=0.442) dan trigliserida (p=0.447) antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan. Kesimpulan : Konsumsi angkak tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida pada wanita penderita hiperlipidemia. Tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida antara kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Toxicities of Psidium guajava Methanolic Bark Extract: A Botanical with In Vitro Antiproliferative Potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermione T. Manekeng ◽  
Armelle T. Mbaveng ◽  
Samuel A. Ntyam Mendo ◽  
Armel-Joseph D. Agokeng ◽  
Victor Kuete
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Subacute Toxicity

The methanol crude extract of the bark of Psidium guajava (guava) previously displayed interesting cytotoxic effects on a panel of human cancer cell lines. In the present work, we plan to determine the toxicological effects of this guava botanical in Wistar rats. Acute oral toxicity of the extract was carried out by administration of a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight to female rats in 14 days. Subacute toxicity was conducted by oral administration of the extract at daily doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg body weight, respectively, while rats in the control group received no extract. After 28 days of treatment, animals were sacrificed for hematological and biochemical studies. In the acute toxicity study, no mortality or signs of toxicity were recorded; hence, the median lethal dose (LD50) of the Psidium guajava bark extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. For the subacute toxicity study, significant variations in body weight, relative weight of organs, and biochemical parameters were observed in the animals treated at different doses of the plant extract compared to control animals. Histopathological analyses showed minor liver inflammation in females treated at the highest dose (1000 mg/kg). These results suggest that intake of a single high dose of the Psidium guajava bark extract is nontoxic, but repeat administration could exhibit mild organ toxicity.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Supplementation in Laboratory-Bred Mice: An In Vivo Assay on Gut Microbiome and Body Weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863612094529
Author(s):  
Lorina Ineta Badger-Emeka ◽  
Zainab Yaseen AlJaziri ◽  
Cereen Fahad Almulhim ◽  
Asma Saleh Aldrees ◽  
Zainab Hamzah AlShakhs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Normal Dose ◽  
Significant Difference

Saudi Arabia is in a tropical geographical region with a population that has access to adequate diet. There is, however, a high level of vitamin D deficiency in the Kingdom, comorbid with other disease. There is the postulation of a correlation between a healthy gut microbiota and balanced levels of serum vitamin D. This investigation looks into the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the gut flora of laboratory-bred mice as well as any possible association on body weight. BALB/C mice weighing between 34 and 35.8 g were divided into 4 groups and placed on daily doses of vitamin D of 3.75 µg (low dose), 7.5 µg (normal dose), and 15 µg (high dose). The fourth group was the control group that did not receive any supplementation with vitamin D. Body weights were monitored on weekly basis, while faecal samples from the rectum were obtained for microbial culturing and the monitoring of bacterial colony count using the Vitek 2 Compact automated system (BioMerieux, Marcy-l’Etoile, France) according to manufacturer’s guidelines. The data presented as mean ± SD, while significant differences were determined with 2-way analysis of variance in comparing differences within and between treatment groups. The different doses of vitamin D showed varying effects on the body weight and gut microbial colonies of the mice. There was a highly significant difference between the control, 15 µg (high), and 7.5 µg (normal) dose groups. This is suggestive that supplementation with vitamin D could a role in the gut microbial flora in the gut which could reflect in changes in body weight.

scholarly journals Effect of Diclofenac Sodium in Broilers

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
R Akter ◽  
MAW Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

This study was conducted to determine the effects of diclofenac sodium in broiler chicks during the period from 20th July /2012 to 1st september/2012. The broiler chicks were divided into four groups A, B, C and control with ten day old bird in each. Group A was treated with @ 5mg/kg body weight, group B was treated with @ 10mg/kg body weight and Group C was treated with 20 mg/kg body weight given orally mixing with drinking water. Histopathological, hematological and biochemical tests were performed on 42th days of age to evaluate diclofenac-induced changes between control and treated groups. Mortality rate and pathomorphological changes were observed in dead birds. The acute toxicity was assessed by observing the clinical signs and symptoms, mortality, alterations in blood biochemistry, and necropsy findings. The birds of Group A showed only mild symptoms of diarrhea and 30% mortality. In Group B, 60% and Group 70% of birds died in between 24 and 36 h post-treatment showing the symptoms of segregatory behavior, lethargy, terminal anorexia, and severe bloody diarrhea. Observation of hematological parameters like TEC, Hb, PCV and ESR on 42th days of age showed significant (p<0.01) decrease in treatment group compare to control group. Observation of biochemical parameters (serum urea, serum creatinine) on 42th days of age showed significantly increased (p<0.01) serum urea and serum creatinine indicating nephrotoxicity in broilers. At 12 and 24 h post-treatment this returned to the normal levels. The dead birds of the high-dose group also showed similar pattern of biochemical changes at 12 and 24 h post-treatment and revealed extensive visceral gout with characteristic histopathological lesions in liver, kidney, heart, spleen and intestine on post-mortem. The results indicate that diclofenac sodium has hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, and visceral gout inducing potentials in broilers (cob-500), especially at higher dose.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23710Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 19-24

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