scholarly journals Personal Problems Questionnaire (PPQ): Normative Data and Utility in Assessing Acquired Neurological Impairment

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-636
Author(s):  
Martin D van den Broek ◽  
Linda Monaci ◽  
Jared G Smith
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Validity Scales ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
Forensic Evaluations ◽  
Response Consistency ◽  
Healthy Community

Abstract Objective The Personal Problems Questionnaire (PPQ) is a measure designed to assess acquired cognitive, emotional, and physical complaints. The present study sought to develop a normative database to allow clinicians and researchers to assess self-reported complaints among people with disabilities, and evaluate the response consistency and validity of their self-report. Method 404 community-dwelling participants (n 200 males, 204 females) completed the PPQ, as well as an acquired brain injury (ABI) group (n 59), mainly following stroke and traumatic brain injuries, and seen for clinical (i.e., non-forensic) evaluations. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to derive norms from the healthy community sample taking into account age, gender, and educational level. Results Normative T scores and cut-off points for the Clinical and Validity scales were derived, respectively, and used to assess the responses of the ABI group. The results indicated that the ABI group showed good response consistency and elevated scores on the Clinical scales, indicating that the PPQ is likely to be useful in detecting acquired disabilities. On the other hand, scores on the Validity scales were not elevated, indicating that the measures were unaffected by the ABI participants’ cognitive difficulties. Conclusions The PPQ provides a comprehensive assessment of complaints and response validity and the present study provides further data to assist with its use and interpretation.

scholarly journals DejianMind-Body Intervention on Depressive Mood of Community-Dwelling Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes S. Chan ◽  
Mei-chun Cheung ◽  
Wilson J. Tsui ◽  
Sophia L. Sze ◽  
Dejian Shi
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychological Therapies

The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a short-term mind-body intervention program on improving the depressive mood of an adult community sample. Forty adult volunteers with various degrees of depressive mood were randomly assigned to the experimental group (DejianMind-Body Intervention, DMBI) and control group (Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, CBT). For each group, a total of four 90-min weekly sessions were conducted. Treatment-related changes were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), an electroencephalographic indicator of positive affect (i.e., prefrontal activation asymmetry), and self-report ratings on physical health. Results indicated that both the DMBI and the CBT group demonstrated significant reduction in depressive mood. However, among individuals with moderate to severe depressive mood at baseline, only those in the DMBI but not the CBT group showed significant reduction in depressive mood. Besides, only the DMBI group demonstrated a significant increase in prefrontal activation asymmetry, suggesting increase in positive affect. While most psychological therapies for depressive mood normally take several months to show treatment effect, the present findings provided initial data suggesting that the DMBI was effective in improving depressive mood of community adults after 1 month of training.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural validation and psychometric evaluation of the Self-Medication Assessment Tool (SMAT) for assessing and optimizing medication therapy management of older people

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 655
Author(s):  
Ana Margarida Advinha ◽  
Carla Teixeria De Barros ◽  
Maria Pereira Guerreiro ◽  
Carla Nunes ◽  
Manuel José Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
European Portuguese ◽  
Response Consistency

Background, rationale and objectives: The assessment of medication management ability in the elderly can be performed using specific tools, such as the Self-Medication Assessment Tool, which considers real and simulated regimens. The objective of this study was to perform the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the Self-Medication Assessment Tool to European Portuguese and determine its psychometric properties.Methods: The adaptation commenced with the translation/back translation cycle completed by 4 independent bilingual experts. The cultural component was accomplished through an external expert meeting and a longitudinal screening of concepts and construct. The pilot study was carried out in a sample of 150 Portuguese community-dwelling elders. Descriptive data, correlations, internal reliability, response consistency and exploratory factor analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistics (v22).Results: The pilot study was carried out in a sample of 150 community-dwelling elders: 112 (74.7%) participants were women; mean age was 74.73 ± 6.43 years. The Self-Medication Assessment Tool (Portuguese version) standard regimen (simulated medication regimen) mean scores were 20.92 ± 6.83 in functional ability and 38.75 ± 5.92 in cognitive ability; the real regimen (medication taken by the elderly) mean scores were 83.74 ± 15.86 in medication recall, 96.96 ± 11.39 in adherence self-report and 4.82 ± 10.1 in intentional non-adherence. Cronbach's α were 0.87 (functional ability), 0.84 (cognitive ability), 0.57 (medication recall), 0.94 (adherence self-report) and 0.79 (intentional non-adherence). The response consistency between test and re-test was verified.Conclusions: We have developed the European Portuguese version of the Self-Medication Assessment Tool with acceptable psychometric properties which can now be employed in the study of the elderly in clinical and research contexts.

Prevalence of Self-Reported Depression Symptoms and Perceived Anxiety Among Community-Dwelling U.S. Adults Reporting Tinnitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 959-970
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Reavis ◽  
James A. Henry ◽  
Lynn M. Marshall ◽  
Kathleen F. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Health Distress ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Mental Health Distress

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between tinnitus and self-reported mental health distress, namely, depression symptoms and perceived anxiety, in adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examinations Survey between 2009 and 2012. A secondary aim was to determine if a history of serving in the military modified the associations between tinnitus and mental health distress. Method This was a cross-sectional study design of a national data set that included 5,550 U.S. community-dwelling adults ages 20 years and older, 12.7% of whom were military Veterans. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association between tinnitus and mental health distress. All measures were based on self-report. Tinnitus and perceived anxiety were each assessed using a single question. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire, a validated questionnaire. Multivariable regression models were adjusted for key demographic and health factors, including self-reported hearing ability. Results Prevalence of tinnitus was 15%. Compared to adults without tinnitus, adults with tinnitus had a 1.8-fold increase in depression symptoms and a 1.5-fold increase in perceived anxiety after adjusting for potential confounders. Military Veteran status did not modify these observed associations. Conclusions Findings revealed an association between tinnitus and both depression symptoms and perceived anxiety, independent of potential confounders, among both Veterans and non-Veterans. These results suggest, on a population level, that individuals with tinnitus have a greater burden of perceived mental health distress and may benefit from interdisciplinary health care, self-help, and community-based interventions. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12568475

scholarly journals The Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Sleep Problems among Adolescent Students: Mediation by Depression or Anxiety

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
E-Jin Park ◽  
Shin-Young Kim ◽  
Yeeun Kim ◽  
Dajung Sung ◽  
Bora Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Relationship

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are known to be closely related to depression, anxiety and sleep problems. However, it remains unclear whether adolescents with ACEs have sleep problems regardless of depression or anxiety or under a mediating effect from depression or anxiety. Therefore, our aim was to examine whether depression or anxiety mediates the relationship between ACEs and sleep problems in adolescents by using a community sample. The Early Trauma Inventory Self Report–Short Form (ETISR-SF) and List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire (LTE-Q) were used to assess traumatic ACEs. Ultimately, data from 737 students (M = 448, F = 289, 15.1 ± 1.4 years old) were included in the statistical analysis. A total of 576 (78.1%) participants reported that they had experienced one or more ACEs. Adolescents with ACEs had higher levels of depression, anxiety and sleep problems than did adolescents without ACEs, and boys tended to experience more trauma than girls. Depression and anxiety partially mediated the relationship between ACEs and sleep problems. The results of this study suggest the need for depression and anxiety interventions for adolescents with ACEs to reduce the long-term consequences, including sleep problems and physical health problems.

scholarly journals Exercise and education for community-dwelling older participants with knee osteoarthritis: a video-linked programme protocol based on a randomised controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Wang ◽  
Suhang Xie ◽  
Tianjie Bao ◽  
Siyi Zhu ◽  
Qiu Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Exercise Programmes ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background Neuromuscular and quadriceps exercises have been shown to be effective approaches to relieve pain and to improve function for patients with knee osteoarthritis. In this study, we aim to provide an informative feasible model in which therapeutic exercise and education will be undertaken with physiotherapy supervision and instruction via video link. We also aim to explore the relationship between program-induced pain alleviation/functional improvements and reduction in irritability, which might be mediated through program-induced psychosocial benefits. Methods In this proposed two-parallel group (neuromuscular exercise versus quadriceps exercise), single-blinded, randomised controlled trial, participants aged ≥50 years with osteoarthritic knee pain will undergo a 12-week intervention, comprising video-linked education, supervised exercises, and a 12-week follow-up. Seven measurements will be taken to collect longitudinal data. A generalised estimating equation will be used to establish the adjusted difference in effectiveness on pain, function, irritability, and psychosocial outcomes between participants undertaking neuromuscular exercises and those undertaking quadriceps exercises. The primary outcomes are overall average pain in the knee joint during walking, as assessed through the 11-point Numerical Pain Rating Scale, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index physical function subscale. Furthermore, pressure pain threshold and changes in self-report pain scores pre-, during, and post-exercise were also measured as an indication of irritability. In addition, both the 6-min walk test and a timed up & go test were used to assess walking function performance. Finally, patients’ emotions (e.g., fear and catastrophising), self-trust, needs in terms of disease knowledge, mental resilience, social support and health-related quality of life were investigated. Two four-wave cross-lagged models will be used to investigate directional relationships, aiming to investigate the complex mechanisms concerning the effects of exercise programmes. Discussion Through summarising the study’s strengths and limitations, this study may provide promising insights in terms of exercise therapy optimisation for people with knee osteoarthritis and/or other chronic pain within a psychosocial framework. Trial registration ChiCTR2100041978 (chictr.org.cn), January 10, 2021.

Alcohol Drinking and Brain Morphometry in Apparently Healthy Community-Dwelling Japanese Men

Alcohol ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Haidar Syaifullah ◽  
Akihiko Shiino ◽  
Akira Fujiyoshi ◽  
Aya Kadota ◽  
Keiko Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
Brain Morphometry ◽  
Healthy Community ◽  
Apparently Healthy

scholarly journals Depression-related weight change and incident diabetes in a community sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Graham ◽  
Tristan Watson ◽  
Sonya S. Deschênes ◽  
Kristian B. Filion ◽  
Mélanie Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractThis cohort study aimed to compare the incidence of type 2 diabetes in adults with depression-related weight gain, depression-related weight loss, depression with no weight change, and no depression. The study sample included 59,315 community-dwelling adults in Ontario, Canada. Depression-related weight change in the past 12 months was measured using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview—Short Form. Participants were followed for up to 20 years using administrative health data. Cox proportional hazards models compared the incidence of type 2 diabetes in adults with depression-related weight change and in adults with no depression. Adults with depression-related weight gain had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared to adults no depression (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.32–2.20), adults with depression-related weight loss (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.09–2.42), and adults with depression with no weight change (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.03–1.86). Adults with depression with no weight change also had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared to those with no depression (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04–1.45). Associations were stronger among women and persisted after adjusting for attained overweight and obesity. Identifying symptoms of weight change in depression may aid in identifying adults at higher risk of type 2 diabetes and in developing tailored prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Use of mHealth Technology for Patient-Reported Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Adults with Acquired Brain Injuries: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2173
Author(s):  
Shannon B. Juengst ◽  
Lauren Terhorst ◽  
Andrew Nabasny ◽  
Tracey Wallace ◽  
Jennifer A. Weaver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Mhealth Technology ◽  
Ecological Momentary

The purpose of our scoping review was to describe the current use of mHealth technology for long-term assessment of patient-reported outcomes in community-dwelling individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI). Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a scoping review of literature meeting these criteria: (1) civilians or military veterans, all ages; (2) self-reported or caregiver-reported outcomes assessed via mobile device in the community (not exclusively clinic/hospital); (3) published in English; (4) published in 2015–2019. We searched Ovid MEDLINE(R) < 1946 to 16 August 2019, MEDLINE InProcess, EPub, Embase, and PsycINFO databases for articles. Thirteen manuscripts representing 12 distinct studies were organized by type of ABI [traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke] to extract outcomes, mHealth technology used, design, and inclusion of ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Outcomes included post-concussive, depressive, and affective symptoms, fatigue, daily activities, stroke risk factors, and cognitive exertion. Overall, collecting patient-reported outcomes via mHealth was feasible and acceptable in the chronic ABI population. Studies consistently showed advantage for using EMA despite variability in EMA timing/schedules. To ensure best clinical measurement, research on post-ABI outcomes should consider EMA designs (versus single time-point assessments) that provide the best timing schedules for their respective aims and outcomes and that leverage mHealth for data collection.

Neuropsychological Test Performance in Framingham: A Descriptive Study

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (3_part_2) ◽  
pp. 1023-1040
Author(s):  
Mary E. Farmer ◽  
Lon R. White ◽  
Steven J. Kittner ◽  
Edith Kaplan ◽  
Elizabeth Moes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Abstract Thinking ◽  
Framingham Study ◽  
Hearing Impairments

In 1976–1978, a battery of eight neuropsychologic tests was administered to 2,123 participants in the Framingham Study aged 55 to 89 yr. The battery was designed to sample multiple areas of cognitive function including language skills, memory, learning, reproduction of designs, attention, and abstract thinking. Performance is described for several groups in this population: a large community-dwelling sample, those with hearing impairments, and those with documented strokes. Performance is described by age, sex, and education strata for the community sample. This normative information should be useful for interpreting individual test performance on neuropsychological tests.

scholarly journals A Modified CAIDE Risk Score as a Screening Tool for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Magdalena I. Tolea ◽  
Jaeyeong Heo ◽  
Stephanie Chrisphonte ◽  
James E. Galvin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Predictive Values

Background: Although an efficacious dementia-risk score system, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia (CAIDE) was derived using midlife risk factors in a population with low educational attainment that does not reflect today’s US population, and requires laboratory biomarkers, which are not always available. Objective: Develop and validate a modified CAIDE (mCAIDE) system and test its ability to predict presence, severity, and etiology of cognitive impairment in older adults. Methods: Population consisted of 449 participants in dementia research (N = 230; community sample; 67.9±10.0 years old, 29.6%male, 13.7±4.1 years education) or receiving dementia clinical services (N = 219; clinical sample; 74.3±9.8 years old, 50.2%male, 15.5±2.6 years education). The mCAIDE, which includes self-reported and performance-based rather than blood-derived measures, was developed in the community sample and tested in the independent clinical sample. Validity against Framingham, Hachinski, and CAIDE risk scores was assessed. Results: Higher mCAIDE quartiles were associated with lower performance on global and domain-specific cognitive tests. Each one-point increase in mCAIDE increased the odds of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by up to 65%, those of AD by 69%, and those for non-AD dementia by >  85%, with highest scores in cases with vascular etiologies. Being in the highest mCAIDE risk group improved ability to discriminate dementia from MCI and controls and MCI from controls, with a cut-off of ≥7 points offering the highest sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Conclusion: mCAIDE is a robust indicator of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling seniors, which can discriminate well between dementia severity including MCI versus controls. The mCAIDE may be a valuable tool for case ascertainment in research studies, helping flag primary care patients for cognitive testing, and identify those in need of lifestyle interventions for symptomatic control.

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