scholarly journals Safe, Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Fungicide Against Aflatoxin-producing Fungi in Nourishment Cereal (P04-133-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala Awney ◽  
Asmaa Salah ◽  
Ghada Amin ◽  
El-Moatazbellah El-Naggar
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Serum Biochemical

Abstract Objectives Aflatoxins are highly toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic metabolites produced by some Aspergillus species that contaminate a wide range of nourishment cereal and pose serious health problems for human and livestock with nanograms limits of acceptability in foods. This study aimed to extract, identify and assess essential oils extracted from ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale Rose) (EOG) and flower head of Chamomile (Chamomilla recutita L.) (EOC) against aflatoxin producing fungi. Toxicity evaluation was conducted to ensure their safety. Methods Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation using Clevenger apparatus and identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). The fungicidal effect was assessed against penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus isolated from bean, corn and rice using agar disc diffusion method to determine maximum inhibition zone (MIZ) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each extract. Toxicity evaluation was conducted on two groups of 10 male rats treated with EOG or EOC at a dose of 0.1 g/kg (1/50 LD) for 28 consecutive days against control group. Serum biochemical analysis, hematological parameters and liver histological investigations were considered. Results The phytochemical analysis identified 20 compounds in EOG and 26 compounds in EOC. The most common compounds were monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in EOG and EOC respectively. The highest MIZ showed by EOC (5.15 ± 0.07 cm) and EOG (4.15 ± 0.07 cm) against P. chrysogenum. The MIC showed that EOG has greater inhibitory effect against P. chrysogenum (2.5 μg/ml) whereas EOC exhibit strong inhibitory effect against all tested fungi with lower MIC values ranged from 1.25 to 2.5 μg/ml. Serum biochemical analysis and hematological parameters indicated minor changes in EOC and EOC group while liver histological features showed marked improvement in hepatic tissues of EOC and EOG groups compared with control. Conclusions Promising fungicidal effects of both EOC and EOG against aflatoxin producing fungi have been demonstrated, however further evaluation is needed concerning its safety. Funding Sources College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Effects of oestradiol benzoate (OeB) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on the testes and accessory sex glands of the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mridula Chowdhury ◽  
Robert Tcholakian ◽  
Emil Steinberger
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Direct Inhibitory Effect

Abstract. It has been suggested that treatment of intact male rats with oestradiol benzoate (OeB) causes an interference with testosterone (T) production by the testes by a direct inhibitory effect on steroidogenesis. To test this hypothesis, different doses (5, 10 or 25 IU) of hCG were administered concomitantly with 50 μg of OeB to adult intact or hypophysectomized male rats. The testicular and plasma testosterone, and serum hCG levels were determined. The sex accessory weights were recorded. In the intact OeB-treated group of animals, hCG stimulated both the secondary sex organs and plasma testosterone levels above the intact control group. However, in hypophysectomized animals, although plasma testosterone levels increased above that of intact controls, their secondary sex organ weights did not. Moreover, inspite of high circulating hCG levels, the testicular testosterone content and concentration remained suppressed in OeB-treated animals. The reason for such dichotomy of hCG action on OeB-treated animals is not clear at present.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of Mentha piperita and Carum carvi essential oils

2017 ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Plavsic ◽  
Gordana Dimic ◽  
Djordje Psodorov ◽  
Dragan Psodorov ◽  
Ljubisa Saric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Penicillium Aurantiogriseum

Aromatic plants are one of the most important sources of biologically active secondary metabolites, which possess various antimicrobial characteristics. The aim of this work was to examine the effect of antifungal activities of mint and caraway essential oils against the selected fungi. Eight species of molds were selected for antifungal testing: Alternaria alternata, Aspegillus flavus, A. niger, A. versicolor, Eurotium herbariorum, Penicillium aurantiogriseum, P. chrysogenum and P. expansum. Testing of essential oils antifungal activity against the selected species was conducted using the disc diffusion method by adding mint and caraway essential oils (0.5, 1, 5, and 10 ?l per disc). Antifungal activity of essential oils was expressed by the diameter of inhibition zone (mm). The most powerful effect of mint essential oil was recorded against E. herbariorum, as its growth was completely inhibited by the quantity of 5 ?l. The weakest inhibitory effect was observed against P. chrysogenum (inhibition zone 13.67 mm) by the quantity of 10 ?l. The most powerful antifungal activity of caraway was observed against E. herbariorum as growth was completely inhibited by the quantity of 10 ?l. The weakest inhibitory effect was observed against A. niger (inhibition zone 28 mm) by the quantity of 10 ?l.

scholarly journals Effects of Food-Chain Mediated Metal Exposures on Lipid Profile in Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Richard Omonigho Ovie ◽  
Samuel Ogheneovo Asagba
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Low Density ◽  
State University ◽  
Delta State University ◽  
Significant Increment

Aims: To evaluate the effect of Cd and As on lipid profile in rats by using an experimental food-chain to imitate the natural food-chain of fish to rat. Study Design: Toxicity of Cd and As was first induced in fishes through an artificial habitat; the fishes after 1 month of exposure were killed and used as source of protein in formulating rat feed. In this way, the natural food-chain of fish to rat was mimicked as the rats get the toxic metals in their fish diets. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, from June 2016 to September 2018. Methodology: Adult male rats weighing between 100–150 g were fed with formulated rat feed that has Cd/As (at a dose of 0.4 mg/100 ml) contaminated fish as source of protein. Control group comprises of rats that were not given metal contaminated fish as food. The rats were fed for 3 months after which they were sacrificed and the plasma and vital organs obtained for investigation of lipid metabolism function. Results: Biochemical analysis on lipid profile status was made after 90 days of inoculation. A significant increment (p≤0.05)  in plasma and organ concentrations of Cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), lipoprotein of low density (LDL), and lipoprotein of very low density (VLDL) was seen in the rats given these metals in diet in comparison to control, while plasma and organ lipoprotein of high density (HDL) concentrations declined. Conclusion: These results infer that cadmium and arsenic produces reactive oxygen compounds that are toxic to man, hence calls for caution and further studies.

scholarly journals Assessment of Toxicity and Therapeutic Effects of Goose Bone in a Rat Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Yousuf Ali ◽  
Alamgir Kabir ◽  
Shahad Saif Khandker ◽  
Tareq Hossan ◽  
Md. Salman Shakil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

Goose bone is traditionally used in the treatment of many ailments including in bone fracture. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the subacute toxicity of goose bone in a rat model by investigating some hematological and biochemical parameters in rats. Subsequently, a histopathological study was performed to confirm the presence of pathological lesions in the rat’s vital organs including the liver, kidney, heart, brain, pancreas, lung, spleen, and stomach. Adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 8) and were orally administrated with three doses (30, 60, and 120 mg/kg) of goose bone once daily for 21 days as compared to control animals (received only drinking water). Goose bone did not cause any significant changes on body weight, relative organ weight, and percentage water content at any of the administered doses. There were also no significant alterations in hematological parameters seen. All three doses administered significantly reduced the triglyceride levels as well as the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). Animals treated with 120 mg/kg doses had significantly reduced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity as compared to the control group. There was no significant alteration on other serum biochemical parameters seen. Additionally, histopathological findings confirmed that there was no inflammatory, necrotic, or other toxicological feature seen for all three doses. It is concluded that goose bone is nontoxic and is safe for consumption besides having the potential to be investigated for the treatment of high triglycerides or liver-related disorder.

scholarly journals Effect of Antimicrobial Peptide, Nisin, on the Reproductive Functions of Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. R Reddy ◽  
S. M. Gupta ◽  
C. C. Aranha
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vaginal Mucosa ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Serum Biochemical

Our previous studies have demonstrated that naturally occurring peptide, Nisin possess antibacterial activity and did not interfere with rabbit vaginal mucosa. In this study, the reproductive toxicity of the Nisin in male rats was evaluated. Rats were fed orally with Nisin (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg/day) for 13 weeks. No treatment related mortality was observed. The body weight gain, food consumption and serum biochemical parameters were at par with the control group. Histomorphology of the selected reproductive (testis, epididymis, ventral prostate, and seminal vesicle) and nonreproductive (liver and kidney) tissues was observed to be normal. There was no treatment-related increase or decrease in the expression of testis-specific genes (c-Kit, GATA-1, and HILS-1) and the activity levels of epididymal α-glucosidase, ventral prostate alkaline phosphatase (AlP), liver alanine aminotransferase (AlAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT). Fructose and lactic acid levels in the seminal vesicles also remained unchanged. These studies suggest that Nisin did not affect the normal physiology of these organs. In addition, no adverse effects were observed on the reproductive performance of Nisin-treated male rats and their offspring. In conclusion, the current studies support our earlier studies, which demonstrated suitability of Nisin as a safe and effective microbicide.

Discussion on rationality of administration of Angong Niuhuang Pills from pharmacological and toxicological perspectives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhao Chen ◽  
Yushuang Chai ◽  
Yuanfeng He ◽  
Jisheng Huang ◽  
Ting Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Neurological Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicology Study ◽  
Body Weights

Abstract Background: Investigate the different treatment course of ANP from pharmacology and toxicology to provide scientific basis for clinic use. Method: In pharmacology study, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was made; rats were divided into six groups, Sham, model, aspirin 25 mg/kg, ANP 270 mg/kg (1 day, 4 days and 7 days) groups. Rats were fed for 30 days. Neurological function, cerebral infraction volume, brain histopathology, cytokines were detected; in toxicology study, rats were divided into four groups, normal control, ANP (550, 1640, 4910 mg/kg) group. ANP was daily administered by gavage for 30 days. Detection indicators included appearance, behavior, excrement character, food-intake, body weight, hematological parameters, etc. In addition, biomarkers such as TBA, GSTα, Cystatin C, clusterin, GSH, S-100B and MBP were also detected. Result: In pharmacology study, compared with model group, the neurological function scores of ANP 270mg/kg (1 day, 4 days and 7 days) were decreased (P<0.11 or P<0.05); the volume of ANP 270mg/kg (1 day and 7 days) were decreased (P<0.05); the R value of ANP 270mg/kg (1 day, 4 days and 7 days) groups were decreased (P<0.11 or P<0.05); the serum content of IL-1β, TNFα and NO of ANP 270 mg/kg(1 day, 4 days and 7 days) groups were decreased (P< 0.05); the brain content of IL-1β and NO of ANP 270 mg/kg(1 day, 4 days and 7 days) groups were decreased (P<0.05). In toxicology study, no mortality, ophthalmic abnormalities were identified. Compared with normal control group, body weights were significantly lower in ANP 4910 mg/kg group; TBA was significantly increased in ANP 4910mg/kg group; liver organ coefficient of female rats of ANP 4910 mg/kg group was increased (P < 0.05); kidney organ coefficient of male rats of ANP 1640mg/kg, 4910 mg/kg groups were increased (P < 0.05), these all recovered after drug withdraw for 8 weeks. Conclusion: The effect of ANP 270 mg/kg (7 days) was much better than ANP (1 day and 4 days). ANP 550mg/kg is non toxicity dose. So, ANP is taken one pill peer day for 7 days is safety and effective, it can be used as the scientific basis for clinic use.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and antifungal activities of essential oils from medicinal plants found in the South Pacific

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Chand ◽  
A. D. Jokhan ◽  
R. D. Gopalan ◽  
T. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
The South ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Natural products such as essential oils have been studied since ancient times to understand their biological properties. Essential oils are noted for their antimicrobial activity. Thus, the focus of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of five essential oils (EOs) from selected medicinal plants found in the South Pacific, on selected human pathogenic bacteria and fungi affecting agricultural industries. The disc diffusion method was carried out and the diameter of inhibition zones (mm) (DZI) using 0.25, 0.5, 5, 25, 50 and 100% (v/v) of essential oil concentrations were reported. The activity of Cananga odorata essential oils against Thermus thermophiles and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were among the selected bacteria that only showed the susceptibility at the lowest concentration (0.25% v/v). The diameter inhibition zones were 1.60 mm and 4.20 mm, respectively. The inhibitory effect of Ocimum tenuiflorum L essential oils at the highest concentration (100%) showed DZI ranging above 14 mm for all the selected bacteria and above 25 mm for the all selected fungi. The inhibitory effect of selected bacteria and fungi increased with stronger concentrations of essential oils. Hence, the essential oils from medicinal plants found in the South Pacific hold great potential for the antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Antimicrobial Activity of Some Egyptian Spice Essential Oils

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 665-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. FARAG ◽  
Z. Y. DAW ◽  
F. M. HEWEDI ◽  
G. S. A. EL-BAROTY
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Filter Paper Disc ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Structures

Six spice essential oils (sage, rosemary, caraway, cumin, clove, and thyme) and their basic ingredients were tested for their inhibitory effect against 3 strains of Gram-negative bacteria, 4 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, one acid fast bacterium, and one yeast. Preliminary screening of antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was done using the filter paper disc agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration for each essential oil against various micro-organisms was also measured. Very low concentrations (0.25 – 12 mg/ml) of the various essential oils were sufficient to prevent microbial growth. The data show that Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to the antimicrobial compounds in spices than Gram-negative. The inhibition zones of different microbial growth produced by various essential oils were similar to those produced by their basic compounds. Thyme and cumin oils possessed very strong antimicrobial activity compared with the other essential oils. There was a relationship between the chemical structures of the most abundant compounds in the essential oils under investigation and the antimicrobial activity.

Effect of two plant extracts and Lactobacillus fermentum on colonization of gastrointestinal tract by Salmonella enterica var. Düsseldorf in chicks

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Koščová ◽  
Radomíra Nemcová ◽  
Soňa Gancarčíková ◽  
Zuzana Jonecová ◽  
L’uboslava Sciranková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Commercial Poultry

AbstractAccording to published data, it is well known that essential oils from plants possess antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogens, including Salmonella strains. The influence of the administration of essential oils from oregano (Origanum vulgare) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) as well as Lactobacillus fermentum on crop, caecum, liver and spleen colonization by Salmonella enterica var. Düsseldorf in chicks was investigated in this study. For the experiment, one hundred 1-day old chicks were used, and they were divided into four groups: (i) untreated (C); (ii) treated with L. fermentum (L); (iii) treated with a mixture of oregano and thyme essential oils (OT); and (iv) treated with a combination of L. fermentum and a mixture of oregano and thyme essential oils (LOT). Essential oils from oregano and thyme were mixed with commercial poultry diet, which was offered ad libitum to chicks in appertaining groups. L. fermentum was added daily to drinking water. After 3 days all the chicks were challenged orally with S. enterica var. Düsseldorf. The crops, ceca, spleens and livers of the birds were examined for S. enterica var. Düsseldorf colonization 5 days after the challenge. Our results showed that a combined administration of L. fermentum and essential oils (oregano and thyme) in group with combined application of essential oils and lactobacillus strain reduced the percentage of colonized crops and ceca when compared to the control group without any treatment.

Note: Inhibition of Pathogenic Bacteria by Essential Oils at Different Concentrations

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Özkan ◽  
O. Sağdiç ◽  
M. Özcan
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Paper Disc

The antimicrobial effect of 11 selected Turkish spice essential oils was investigated against seventeen pathogenic bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of six spices (cumin, fennel, laurel, mint, marjoram, oregano, pickling herb, sage, savory, thyme (black) and thyme) was tested at four concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 1 and 2%) on various microorganisms ( E. aerogenes, E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, K. pneumoniae, P. vulgaris, S. enteritidis, S. gallinarum, S. typhimurium, S. aureus, Y. enterocolitica, A. hydrophila, C. xerosis, M. luteus, M. smegmatis, E. feacalis, P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens). All preparations showed antibacterial activity against at least one or more bacteria. The inhibitory effect of the essential oils was evaluated through paper disc diffusion method. In general, the essential oils at 1 and 2% levels were effective. The most active essential oils were marjoram, thyme and oregano. According to the results, the studied essential oils potentially might be used as antibacterial agents to prevent the spoilage of food products, although further research is needed.

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