X-Ray Spectroscopy in the Clinical Laboratory

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Natelson ◽  
Bertrum Sheid
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Total Sulfur ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Content Ratio ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Operation Results

Abstract Chlorine and sulfur are assayed in serum with the X-ray spectrometer. The serum samples are dried in confined spots on a long strip of filter paper. The strip is passed continuously through the X-ray field and the element assayed by the peak of the curve drawn on the recorder. An attachment for the spectrometer is described for this purpose, as well as an instrument for making the confined spots. Results for chlorine in serum are compared with those obtained by mercurimetric titration. The results are comparable as regards accuracy and reproducibility. Using 20 µ1. of serum and the automatic feed, the results for chlorine indicate a reproducibility, by X-ray, of ± 3.4 per cent (2σ). No significant difference was observed in comparing the values for sulfur obtained by X-ray with those obtained by ashing and treatment with barium chloranilate. The X-ray technic with 25 µ1. of serum is reproducible to ± 2.2 per cent (2σ). Serum was dialyzed against saline and assayed for sulfur content before and after dialysis. The dialyzable sulfur is small in comparison with the total protein sulfur. In comparing normal and pathologic sera with respect to their sulfur-to-protein content ratio it is observed that this varies apparently because the serum globulins contain amounts of sulfur different from serum albumin. The abnormal protein observed in multiple myeloma contains less than half the sulfur of the albumin from the same patient. This was determined by scanning the electrophoretic pattern of the serum for sulfur and protein. It is pointed out that the X-ray technic is practical for routine analysis in the clinical laboratory in that no reagents are required for total sulfur, chlorine, calcium and potassium; furthermore, only an ultramicrosample is needed and the instrument is easily adapted to automatic operation. Results are comparable with those obtained by conventional methods with regards to accuracy and precision.

scholarly journals Accuracy and precision guidelines for optimal breeding time in bitches using in-house progesterone measurement compared with chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-588
Author(s):  
Nutnaree Kunanusont ◽  
Darsaniya Punyadarsaniya ◽  
Sakchai Ruenphet
Keyword(s):  
Test Results ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Breeding Time ◽  
Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay ◽  
Mating Time

Background and Aim: The concentration of serum progesterone is commonly used to determine the optimal mating time in bitches, and to diagnose reproductive-related abnormalities. This study aims to compare the serum progesterone results obtained by rapid fluorescence immunochromatography assay (RFICA) with those obtained by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) from the same serum samples to develop a standard guideline for optimal breeding time. Materials and Methods: Serum progesterone levels were measured in 124 bitches using RFICA and CMIA. Simple linear regression and correlation analyses were performed to analyze the data. The percentage difference between the maximum and minimum progesterone values in the same serum sample in the same assay was compared using Wilcoxon's rank-sum test. Results: The present study showed a strong linear dependence of the results obtained by RFICA on those obtained by CMIA as R2=0.8976, with regression coefficient of 0.9474 and p<0.05, including the regression model was CMIA = (0.9483 × RFICA) - 0.761. Moreover, five critical measurement times during estrous in bitches showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05), except at the fertilizable period, which showed a non-significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that it is presumably acceptable to use the RFICA and CMIA methods interchangeably for quality progesterone measurements in serum samples from bitches. However, when considering the use of the RFICA method, it is advisable to carefully interpret the results and follow the interpretation guidelines. Finally, RFICA in the present study provides a reliable and convenient option for veterinarian practitioners to measure canine progesterone levels in-house.

X-Ray Spectroscopy in the Clinical Laboratory

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Natelson ◽  
Bertrum Sheid
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Ashing

Abstract X-ray spectroscopy was applied to the determination of the total phosphorus content of serum and the iron content of whole blood (hemoglobin). Samples were placed on confined spots on paper, dried, then passed through the X-ray field. Concentration was then determined from the peaks as drawn on a recorder. A device is described that permits automatic assay of successive samples dried on paper without delays between readings. Samples are placed in the field and rapidly withdrawn at 30-sec. intervals, the response of the recorder serving as a measure of concentration. Results for total phosphorus in serum and total iron in whole blood were compared with those obtained by a wet ashing procedure. No significant difference with respect to both mean values and precision was observed except that total iron by the wet ashing procedure was more precise. However, the X-ray technic was adequate for clinical purposes. Hemoglobin levels calculated from whole-blood iron values demonstrated that bilirubin, red cell debris, leukocytes, and lipids interfered in the colorimetric but not in the X-ray procedure. A hemoglobinometer based on the X-ray spectroscopic technic may, therefore, yield results of greater clinical significance.

Anti-Angiogenic Effect of Bortezomib in Multiple Myeloma Patients.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4912-4912
Author(s):  
Marianna Politou ◽  
Kikeri Naresh ◽  
Evangelos Terpos ◽  
Danielle Crowley ◽  
Irvin Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Partial Response ◽  
Angiogenic Factors ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Bone Marrow Biopsies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Angiogenic Effect

Abstract Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor, which is an effective treatment for multiple myeloma (MM). Bortezomib inhibits NF-κB and thus enhances apoptosis and leads to reduced levels of growth factors, angiogenic factors and cell adhesion molecules, which are crucial for the growth and survival of myeloma. The aim of this study was to investigate whether bortezomib has an anti-angiogenic effect in MM patients and whether that effect correlates with response to treatment. We have studied the effect of bortezomib on angiogenesis in bone marrow biopsies and serum samples of nine patients with MM, who were treated with bortezomib. The patients studied (6M/3F median age 59 years, range 35–71 years) had received more than 4 lines of treatment before bortezomib administration. Six patients had IgG, one IgA, one non-secretory and one light-chain MM. Bortezomib was given at a dose of 1.3 mg/m2, iv, in 3-week cycles, on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of each cycle. Microvessel density (MVD) was assessed in bone marrow trephine biopsies before and after 8 cycles of treatment by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal mouse antibodies to CD34 (QBEND-10, DAKO, Denmark). Serum samples were assessed for VEGF and angiogenin levels before and after every cycle of treatment with an ELISA (R&D systems). Five out of 9 patients achieved a partial response (PR), two patients had a minimal response (MR),one achieved a good partial response (GPR) and one a complete response (CR) to bortezomib administration, according to EBMT criteria. In six out of 9 patients there was a decrease of the MVD. More specifically in two of the patients with PR (P2,P4) and the two patients with MR (P5 and P7) there was a significant decrease in the MVD ( 1.7, 3.8, 4.2 and 1.4 fold decrease respectively). Patient 9, who achieved GPR had also a 2.3 fold decrease in MVD. In patients P2,P4,P5 and P6, who received 8 cycles of treatment, further reduction of MVD was noticed with further treatment. In patient 1, who achieved a PR, MVD did not show any significant change after 8 cycles of treatment. The patient relapsed soon after he has completed the treatment. In patient 5, the MVD increased over 2-fold and she relapsed very soon after the 4th cycle and died of disease progression. There was a significant reduction in mean angiogenin levels by cycle 4 (380 ng/ml) when compared with cycle 1 (537ng/ml) (p=0.028). On the contrary, there was no significant difference between the levels of VEGF at cycles 1 and 4 (122.5 pg/ml and 127.2 pg/ml respectively) (p=0.173).All data are shown in Table 1. We conclude that PS-341 may exert its anti-myeloma effect partly through anti- angiogenic mechanisms. Whether Bortezomib acts directly on endothelial cells or indirectly through modulation of the expression of angiogenic factors and angiopoetins which influence endothelial cell proliferartion and survival is unclear. Before treatment After 4th Cycle of treatment After 8th Cycle of treatment response to treatment VEGF(pg/ml)/Ang (ng/ml) MVD vessels/mm 2 VEGF(pg/ml)/Ang (ng/ml) MVD vessels/mm 2 VEGF(pg/ml)/Ang (ng/ml) MVD vessels/mm 2 patient 1 PR 213/642 74.1 813/432 428/361 83.99 Patient 2 PR 172/425 124.7 449/334 77.48 243/371 73.85 patient 3 PR 84/404 61/256 175/2 65 patient 4 PR 160/800 109.55 180/316 37.5 80/359 28.5 patient 5 MR 57/615 195.8 70/517 85.51 94/447 46.1 patient 6 PR 47/459 267 82/335 591.8 patient 7 MR 105.88 75.55 patient 8 GPR 48.89 2 patient 9 CR 135.78 57.14

scholarly journals Correlation between lumbar sagittal alignment, Modic changes, and endplate erosion in patients with degenerative disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Lv ◽  
Haosheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Sagittal Alignment ◽  
Modic Changes ◽  
Degenerative Disease ◽  
Defect Group ◽  
Sacral Slope ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Operation Results

Abstract Purpose To explore the role of lumbar sagittal alignment in the occurrence of Modicchanges and endplate defects (MC&ED) development in patients with a spinal degenerative disease, and the relationship between lumbar sagittal alignment and patient-report outcomes. Background Increasing attention has been focused on MC&ED as playing a potential role in the etiopathogenesis of lumbar degeneration. The precise understanding of the mechanisms leading to progression of MC&ED is lacking. Hence, we investigated how lumbar sagittal alignment influences the MC&ED. Patients and methods Ninety-six consecutive asymptomatic or symptomatic patients with Modic changes or endplate defect were retrospectively recruited in this study from August 2016 to December 2018. MC&ED were observed in 76 patients and not observed in 20 patients, representing two groups for comparison. The lumbar sagittal parameters were measured, including lumbar lordosis (LL),pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), and pelvic tilt (PT). The lumbar lordosis index (LLI) and idea LL were then calculated. Clinical outcomes were assessed using a visual analog scale(VAS) and a Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) before and after operation. Results There were no significant differences in the distribution of demographics and baseline clinical variables between both groups. Mean age and BMI showed a significant difference between both groups (P<0.05). There were significant correlations between LL, LLI, Lossof LL, and Level 1 (r=0.281, 0.230, and 0.284, P<0.05) Also, PI, PT were significantly correlated with Level 4 (r=0.249, 0.202, P<0.05).Compared with presurgery scores, an improvement was seen in postoperative VAS and ODI scores (P<0.05). Further, the postoperative scores at 24 months in the without Modicor end plate defect group showed greater improvements compared with the with Modic or endplate defect group (P<0.05). Conclusion This analysis indicated that maintaining lumbar sagittal alignment was related to a lower risk of Modic changes in patients with the spinal degenerative disease. The lumbar sagittal alignment might be a factor that influenced the posterior inclination of the pelvis in symptomatic lumbar disease.

scholarly journals Soluble CD163 as a Potential Biomarker in Systemic Sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camelia Frantz ◽  
Sonia Pezet ◽  
Jerome Avouac ◽  
Yannick Allanore
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Signaling System ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urine And Serum ◽  
Age And Sex

Objective. To evaluate the performance of serum and urinary sCD163 concentrations as possible biomarker in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Methods. Urine and serum samples were obtained from SSc patients and age- and sex-matched controls. Serum and urinary sCD163 concentrations were measured by commercially available ELISA kit. SSc patients were assessed following international guidelines. Cross-sectional analyses were performed. Results. Two hundred and three SSc patients were included. The control group consisted of 47 age- and sex-matched patients having noninflammatory diseases, mainly osteoporosis. Serum sCD163 levels were significantly higher in SSc patients compared with controls (mean ± SD: 529 ± 251 versus 385 ± 153 ng/mL; p<0.001). Urinary sCD163 concentrations were higher in SSc patients than controls, but this did not reach significance (236 ± 498 versus 176 ± 173 ng/mg uCr; p=0.580). The sCD163 concentrations were not associated with clinical, laboratory, and instrumental characteristics of SSc patients. Conclusion. To our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of both serum and urinary sCD163 levels in SSc. Our results show a significant difference for sera values that should be prioritized for further studies as compared to urinary measurements. Our results further support that the M2 macrophages/CD163 signaling system may play a role in the pathogenesis of SSc, although we could not identify a subset of SSc patients with higher concentrations.

Effect of Fluoxetine on Melatonin in Patients with Seasonal Affective Disorder and Matched Controls

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Childs ◽  
I. Rodin ◽  
N. J. Martin ◽  
L. Plaskett ◽  
C. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Seasonal Affective Disorder ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Melatonin Concentration ◽  
Secretion Profile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

BackgroundThe aim was to investigate the secretion profile of melatonin and seasonal affective disorder before and after treatment with fluoxetine.MethodA six-week case-controlled study with repeated overnight blood sampling was conducted. Ten patients fulfilling the criteria for major depressive disorder, seasonal type, with a 29-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) score of at least 20 were compared with ten age- and sex-matched healthy controls in a clinical laboratory. The effects of fluoxetine (20 mg/day) on the HDRS and melatonin concentration were measured.ResultsFluoxetine significantly reduced melatonin levels in both groups. There was no significant difference in melatonin secretion between the groups.ConclusionsThe effect of fluoxetine differs from tricyclics and fluvoxamine, both of which increase melatonin.

scholarly journals Application of open-door laminoplasty with ARCH plate fixation in cervical intraspinal tumors

BMC Surgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Chao Wang ◽  
Shu-Zhong Li ◽  
Xin-Fei Qu ◽  
Chu-Qiang Yin ◽  
Yuan-Liang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Cobb Angle ◽  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Open Door ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background The open-door laminoplasty is an effective procedure for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. However, little information is available about the surgical results of open-door laminoplasty in the treatment of intraspinal tumors. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the clinical effect of open-door laminoplasty with ARCH plate fixation in the treatment of cervical intraspinal tumors. Methods This was a retrospective study. From January 2013 to May 2018, 38 patients (13 males and 25 females, the average age of 44 ± 17 years) with cervical intraspinal tumors underwent open-door laminoplasty with ARCH plate fixation in our hospital. The operation time, blood loss, pre- and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS), and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores were determined. To determine the radiographic outcomes, cervical X-ray film and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed before and after the operation, and cervical X-ray sagittal film was used to measure Cobb angle. The clinical data before and after the operation were compared by t-test. Results A total of 38 patients underwent a successful operation and demonstrated primary healing. The average operation time was 113 ± 12 min. The average blood loss was 120 ± 19 mL. All patients were followed up for 26.1 ± 2.8 months, and the final follow-up time was more than 24 months. VAS scores were much better at 24 months after operation compared with those before the operation, which were decreased from 6.1 ± 1.1 to 1.4 ± 0.7 (t = 32.63, P < 0.01). The JOA score was improved from 9.9 ± 1.5 to 15.5 ± 0.6 (t = − 18.36, P < 0.01), and the mean JOA recovery rate was 79% ± 11% at 24 months after the operation. There was no significant difference in Cobb angle between pre-operation and 24 months after the operation, which was 9.8 ± 2.6 and 10.3 ± 3.1 respectively (t = − 0.61, P > 0.05). Neither spinal malalignment on the coronal plane nor displacement of the laminoplasty flap was observed on postoperative cervical X-ray and MRI examinations at the final follow-up. Conclusions Open-door laminoplasty with ARCH plate fixation was a safe and effective surgical approach for the treatment of cervical intraspinal tumors.

scholarly journals SIMVASTATIN GENERIK

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
DAP. Rasmika Dewi ◽  
DG. Diah Dharma Santhi ◽  
DM Sukrama ◽  
AA. Raka Karsana
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

This study aims to know and determine the lipid profile in patients with hyperlipidemia who consumed Generic Simvastatin comparedwith its patent product contained in the Formularium at Sanglah Hospital. The observations made, were the measurement of the totalcholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) before and after the drug administration. A total of 30 subjects who met the inclusioncriteria, were divided into two (2) groups, each group consist of 15 persons, the first group was given 20 mg generic Simvastatin(1 tablet daily) for 15 days and Group II given 20 mg patent Simvastatin (1 tablet daily) for 15 day. After 15 days, their blood sampleswere taken and examined for total cholesterol and LDL. Once the data were collected, statistical analysis was done by using the normalitytest, homogeneity and t. Statistical analysis using p-value less than or equal to 0.05 was the limit of significance. The statistical analysisshowed that the data was normally distributed and homogeneous (p≥0.05). The T-test showed that there were significant differencesin the levels of total cholesterol and LDL serum samples before and after the administration of generic simvastatin and patents the(sig.=0.000). However, there was no significant difference in decreased levels of totall cholesterol samples between the generic Simvastatinand patent (sig=0.365 with α=0.05 level). Besides this, there was also no significant difference in the decreased levels of LDL betweengeneric Simvastatin and the patent one (sig=0.372 with α=0.05 level).

Development of a simple indocyanine green measurement method using an automated biochemical analyser

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-495
Author(s):  
Yuka Sato ◽  
Masanori Seimiya ◽  
Toshihiko Yoshida ◽  
Yuji Sawabe ◽  
Eisaku Hokazono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Green Method ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Indocyanine Green Retention Rate

Background The indocyanine green retention rate is important for assessing the severity of liver disorders. In the conventional method, blood needs to be collected twice. In the present study, we developed an automated indocyanine green method that does not require blood sampling before intravenous indocyanine green injections and is applicable to an automated biochemical analyser. Methods The serum samples of 471 patients collected before and after intravenous indocyanine green injections and submitted to the clinical laboratory of our hospital were used as samples. The standard procedure established by the Japan Society of Hepatology was used as the standard method. In the automated indocyanine green method, serum collected after an intravenous indocyanine green injection was mixed with the saline reagent containing a surfactant, and the indocyanine green concentration was measured at a dominant wavelength of 805 nm and a complementary wavelength of 884 nm. Results The coefficient of variations of the within- and between-run reproducibilities of this method were 2% or lower, and dilution linearity passing the origin was noted up to 10 mg/L indocyanine green. The reagent was stable for four weeks or longer. Haemoglobin, bilirubin and chyle had no impact on the results obtained. The correlation coefficient between the standard method (x) and this method (y) was r=0.995; however, slight divergence was noted in turbid samples. Conclusion Divergence in turbid samples may have corresponded to false negativity with the standard procedure. Our method may be highly practical because blood sampling before indocyanine green loading is unnecessary and measurements are simple.

scholarly journals Increased Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio After Thrombolysis Improves Prediction of 3-Month Stroke Outcome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duanlu Hou ◽  
Chunjie Wang ◽  
Xiaofei Ye ◽  
Ping Zhong ◽  
Danhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patient Groups

Abstract Objectives-Thrombolysis is the effective therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) within 4.5 hours of onset. It improves prognosis by increasing blood perfusion to the lesion. Though inflammation is a predictor of 3-month outcomes after thrombolysis, the temporal effect of thrombolysis on inflammation and the correlation between inflammation after thrombolysis and patients’ prognosis remain to be elucidated. Materials and Methods-Demographic, clinical, laboratory data before and after thrombolysis, and 3-month mRS scores were collected and compared. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was divided into low and high NLR subgroups and functional outcomes at 3 months were compared. Multivariate regression analysis was used to test independent predictors of 3-month prognosis. Results- 493 patients with AIS were prospectively enrolled between 1st August, 2017 and 1st September, 2019. 170 received thrombolysis and 323 patients did not. The NLR after thrombolysis was higher than that before thrombolysis among patients who received thrombolysis (p<0.001) and higher than that of patients who did not receive thrombolysis (p<0.001). The NLR after thrombolysis was an independent predictor of 3-month functional outcomes (OR =1.20, 95% CI: 1.01-1.42, p=0.03). The best discriminating value for the NLR is 4.51 (sensitivity 65.7%, specificity 73.1%, AUC: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.77-0.92). Significant difference (62% vs 88%, p<0.001) was observed in the patients with good 3-month outcome between patient groups with the NLR>4.51 and <4.51, respectively. Conclusions-NLR increase after thrombolysis was a predictor of poor 3-month functional outcome in AIS patients.

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