Investigating the Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours of Parents Regarding Vaccine Rejection

Abstract Background With an escalating prevalence, vaccine rejection is one of the ten threats to global health as identified by the World Health Organization in 2019. Vaccine rejection and hesitancy can be defined as the hesitancy of individuals to get vaccinated against diseases that can be prevented by vaccination. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of parents who use primary healthcare services. Methods Conducted between August and September 2019, this study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design. The sample size of the study was calculated to be 378, considering a 95% confidence interval and 80% power. The survey form, the data collection tool of the study, included questions concerning sociodemographic characteristics of individuals and their knowledge, attitudes and behaviours regarding vaccination. The data were analysed on SPSS 22.0. Chi-square test was used in statistical analyses, and the significance level was set as p < 0.05. Results In the study group, 15.5% of the parents stated that they were hesitant about vaccines in childhood, 81.3% stated that their source of information on vaccines was healthcare staff and 28% stated that it was the internet. The hesitancy level was significantly high among those who believed that vaccines led to autism and infertility and those who did not trust pharmaceutical companies (p < 0.05). The hesitancy level regarding vaccines was significantly lower among those whose source of information was healthcare staff, whereas it was significantly higher among those whose source of information was the internet (p < 0.05). Conclusions Parents' beliefs that vaccines led to autism and infertility increased their hesitancy levels. The inaccurate information on the internet and social media increased their hesitancy levels. Hesitancy levels were lower among the parents who received information from healthcare staff. Key messages Healthcare staff should organise public trainings on vaccines to reduce the hesitancy levels of parents. Anti-vaccination statements on the internet and social media influence individuals’ vaccination behaviours.

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The Knowledge and Behaviours of the Healthcare Staff Regarding Vaccine Rejection

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1447 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

A Gokce ◽

A T Ozdemir ◽

G Boz ◽

M Aslan ◽

A Ozer

Keyword(s):

Primary Healthcare ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

City Centre ◽

The Internet ◽

Healthcare Staff ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Primary Body ◽

Source Of Information

Abstract Background Vaccination is a cost-effective method to protect individuals from diseases and complications that might emerge due to diseases. The healthcare staff in primary healthcare services, as the primary body concerned with vaccines, are notably more likely to encounter families who reject vaccines in childhood. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of the healthcare staff in primary healthcare services regarding vaccine rejection in childhood. Methods Conducted between July and August 2019, this study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design. The population of the study comprised 392 healthcare staff working in primary healthcare services in Malatya City Centre. The sample size was calculated as 193, considering a 95% confidence interval and 80% power. The survey form used in the study included questions concerning sociodemographic characteristics of individuals, their views on vaccination and the views of parents regarding vaccine rejection according to the perspectives of the healthcare staff. Chi-square test was used in statistical analyses, and the significance level was set as p < 0.05. Results In the study group, 25.4% of the healthcare staff stated that they were hesitant about vaccines in childhood. Also, 18.2% of the individuals indicated that they were hesitant about vaccines due to the chemicals in vaccines, 14.4% were hesitant due to the pharmaceutical industry and the relationships based on self-interest and 10.5% were hesitant due to the side effects. The hesitancy level was significantly higher among those whose source of information regarding vaccines in childhood was the internet (37.0%) compared with those whose source was not the internet (21.6%) (p = 0.004). Conclusions One-fourth of the healthcare staff, who are supposed to be the most informed group about vaccines, were hesitant about them. Moreover, the inaccurate information acquired from the internet and social media could be increasing the hesitancy level. Key messages Vaccination hesitancy is high among the healthcare staff in primary healthcare services. The source of information regarding vaccination influences the hesitancy levels of individuals.

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Internet Addiction Status and Related Factors among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Western Iran

International Quarterly of Community Health Education ◽

10.1177/0272684x211025438 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0272684X2110254

Author(s):

Habibolah Khazaie ◽

Javad Yoosefi Lebni ◽

Jaffar Abbas ◽

Behzad Mahaki ◽

Fakhreddin Chaboksavar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Medical Students ◽

Internet Addiction ◽

Technology Use ◽

Standard Deviation Score ◽

The Internet ◽

Human Society ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Internet And Social Media

Background In recent years, Internet and social media technology use have emerged as an integral tool of human society, and the evolution of technological integration, cyberspace, and web-technology has become a common practice in educational institutions. Internet usage among students has played an indispensable role in learning behavior; however, the excessive usage of the internet and social media leads to internet addiction. This original study has performed a focalized scrutiny on revealing relationships between internet addiction and associated factors among the students of medicine, dentistry, and pharmaceutical departments. Methods This descriptive and analytical study recruited medical students from the Self-governing Education Incubator of Kermanshah. This survey distributed questionnaires among the respondents’ three departments, and this statistical data reported on 420 valid responses of the respondents. They represent first and second-semester medical students of the academic year 2017–2018. The study selected medical students by applying Cochran's Sample Size Formula through Stratified Random Sampling and cross-sectional research design. The survey has utilized a demographic questionnaire of Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) for the data collection. The study analyzed received data by using SPSS version 23 and performed the descriptive statistics, and analytical statistics (t-test and ANOVA). Results The results of the present study established that the majority of subjects were female students (53.3%), and the average age was 23.84 ± 2.14, including the students of all departments. Besides, findings specified that the overall mean and standard deviation scores were 3.34 and ±0.88. Internet addiction revealed mean and the standard deviation score measured for all students 3.29 ± 0.73, 3.17 ± 0.92, and 3.57 ± 0.64 correspondingly. The survey results illustrated that medical students’ internet addiction substantially correlated with demographic variables, such as age, marital status, the field of study, academic term, significant time of consuming the internet, the key reason of utilizing the internet, and daily usage of the internet ( p < .05). Conclusion The results of the study specified that 25% of medical students showed internet addiction. The students are increasingly using the internet, and it has penetrated among students. The design and implementation of adequate educational programs and the application of internet-based efficiency interventions are essential for both knowledge acquisition and medical students’ healthy behavior.

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Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of COVID-19 Pandemic in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria- The Initial Experience

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2021/v33i2031101 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 27-37

Author(s):

E. K. Mgbe ◽

C. G. Mgbe ◽

S. N. Ezeofor ◽

J. F. Etiki

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

World Health ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The World ◽

Enugu State ◽

Health Organization

Background: The world is experiencing a global corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic. As of 9th June 2020, over 7 million confirmed cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and more than 400,000 deaths had been reported in more than 30 countries of the world according to World Health Organization. Aim: We aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and vulnerability perception of Enugu state residents during the coronavirus outbreak in order to facilitate better health care outcomes. Methodology: A prospective Web-based cross-sectional survey was designed for this study which was conducted in March 2020 among Enugu state residents. The obtained data were coded, validated, and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS software, version 24. Descriptive analysis was applied to calculate the frequencies and proportions and Chi-Square Test was also used. A preliminary phase was conducted to assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire before its use. Results: The study showed that significant number (99.6%) of the respondents had heard about Covid-19 and the most stated source of knowledge was social media (57.6%), followed by Newspaper and television shows (50.2%) while the least was from General Practitioner (GP) (8.9%). There was over 75% agreement with, and practice, of all known covid precautionary measures and less than 35% responses for wrong claims and practices about covid -19. Conclusion: The overall knowledge, attitude, and perception are high in Enugu state population although few still has background combined superstitious believes. Social media and internet are the highest used facility for acquisition of knowledge and information in Enugu, Nigeria.

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The correlation between laboratory skills frequency and the result of intranatal care practicum of midwifery program students of health faculty in Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin

International Journal of Health Science and Technology ◽

10.31101/ijhst.v1i2.1101 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Afiatun Rahmah ◽

Rizki Amalia ◽

Nelly Mariati

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

World Health ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Live Births ◽

Data Tables ◽

Health Organization

Based on IDHS Survey in 2012, the average Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) was recorded at 359/100,000 live births. The average mortality rate was much higher compared to the results of IDHS survey in 2007 which was reached 228/100,000 live births. World health organization (WHO) in 2000s introduced Intranatal Care to prevent complications in childbirth. Intranatal care then was introduced to the student through university subject, in which 40% was theory and 60% was laboratory clinic practicum. This research aimed to determine the correlation between laboratory skills frequency and the result of intranatal care practicum of midwifery program students of health faculty in Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin. Methods: This research was quantitative study using descriptive analytic method with cross sectional approach. Sampling technique used was total sampling. The data were collected using secondary data which was presented in the form of data, tables, diagrams, or research topics by using Chi Square test with 95% significance level of 5,991. 32 (37,2%) respondents with <5 times of lab skill frequency showed <75 test scores, while 51 out of 54 (59,3%) respondents who had ≥5 lab skill frequency had ≥ 75 exam scores. Statistical analysis using Chi Square showed the value of p=0,000, which means that there was a correlation between lab skill frequency and the results of the practical test. Conclusion: It can be concluded that improving learning activities in the laboratory will improve students' practical abilities

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Knowledge, Attitudes, And Access To Information Related To The Prevention Practices During The Covid-19 Pandemic (A study to undergraduate students of Public Health Diponegoro University)

Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region ◽

10.14710/joph-tcr.v3i2.9500 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 31-39

Author(s):

Laura Respati Denta Elygio ◽

Bagoes Widjanarko ◽

Novia Handayani

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Social Media ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Access To Information ◽

Questionnaire Data ◽

Significant Relation ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Source Of Information

Background: Health protocols of COVID-19 prevention need to be applied to suppress the cases. However, the application requires good understanding that has never been studied before, especially among public health students of Diponegoro University. Therefore, this study investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and access to information towards prevention of COVID-19 pandemicMethods: This type of research was descriptive analytic with quantitative approach, and cross sectional research design with a sample of 100 respondents (student from Faculty of Public Health Diponegoro University) selected by using probability sampling. The instrument used was an online questionnaire. Data analysis used is univariate and bivariate with chi-square testResults: The results showed that the respondent's age was dominated by age ≥ 20 years (63%) with the gender mostly female (85%). Knowledge (p = 0.015), attitude (p = 0.013), and access to information (p = 0.000) were related to the practice of Public Health student in preventing COVID-19. Besides, access to information has a significant relation with the prevention practices and internet particularly social media is the source of information most accessed by student (89%).Conclusion: It is necessary to increase Public Health student awareness, mainly about the dangers of COVID-19, avoiding misinformation, and there required to be more surveillance for personal activities and communities that have the potential to be exposed to COVID-19.

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Overweight in Goiás'quilombola students and food insecurity in their families

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/1415-52732014000400002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 405-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mariana de Morais Cordeiro ◽

Estelamaris Tronco Monego ◽

Karine Anusca Martins

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Chi Square ◽

Apparent Contradiction ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Association Analyses ◽

Chi Square Test

Objective: To characterize the nutritional status of quilombola students and determine the food security status of their households. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with students aged six to nineteen years from quilombola communities in twelve municipalities of Goiás categorized by age, gender, school location (urban/rural), and nutritional status based on the World Health Organization's height-for-age and body mass index for-age charts. The Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale was used for measuring food (in)security in their families. Descriptive and association analyses were conducted using the Chi-square test at a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: In a sample of 226 students, overweight (17.2%) was more common than malnutrition (1.3%), especially in students attending urban schools (28.2%) (p<0.05). Most (75.2%) quilombola families experienced food insecurity, especially mild. Conclusion: The apparent contradiction of excess weight and food insecurity occurring simultaneously indicates the need of revising the study instruments and the causal network that identify poverty.

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FENOMENA ADIKSI INTERNET DAN MEDIA SOSIAL PADA GENERASI XYZ

ETNOREFLIKA: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya ◽

10.33772/etnoreflika.v10i3.1081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 290-308

Author(s):

Imelda Uli Vistalina Simanjuntak ◽

Endang Darwati ◽

Desti Madya Saputri ◽

Hurianti Vidyaningtyas ◽

Sulistyaningsih Sulistyaningsih ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Generation X ◽

Hypothesis Test ◽

The Internet ◽

Chi Square ◽

Social Media Addiction ◽

The Social ◽

Mathematical Physicist ◽

Internet And Social Media

The phenomenon of internet and social media addiction has attracted the attention of many people. We have conducted a research to examine whether or not the phenomenon of addiction to the internet and social media is a scientific reality. Then, we follow up this research. About 2014 respondents have been surveyed. Pearson’s Product Moment and Cronbach's Alpha tests were conducted to find out whether or not all the questions on this survey questionnaire were valid and reliable. The Chi Square hypothesis test was put forward Helmert’s theory around 1960; Helmert was a German Mathematical Physicist who mainly studied the field of Geodesy, even though Ernst Abbe and Irenne Jules Bienayme had already discovered this Chi Square distribution. The results of the internet addiction survey showed that 74.68% of respondents were not addicted and the rest were addicted mildly, moderately and severely. For the social media addiction survey, 79.94% of respondents were not addicted and the rest were addicted. Variables affecting addiction are age, occupation, and education. Internet and social media addiction is mostly experienced by Generation Y and Z, while Generation X has less addiction. The results of the measurement of Internet and social media addiction include scientific reality and attention should be paid to it and steps should be taken in the context of prevention and recovery for those who are addicted. Prevention and recovery for those who are addicted can be done by involving three major components: family, community, and state.

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Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Knowledge and Perceptions: A Survey of Healthcare Workers

10.1101/2020.03.09.20033381 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula ◽

Wafa Ali Aldhaleei ◽

Jamal Rahmani ◽

Mohammadjavad Ashrafi Mahabadi ◽

Deepak Kumar Bandari

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Educational Interventions ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Delayed Treatment ◽

Control Factors ◽

Novel Coronavirus

AbstractBackgroundDuring the first week of March, the surge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases reached over 100 countries with more than 100,000 cases. Healthcare authorities have already initiated awareness and preparedness activities beyond borders. A poor understanding of the disease among healthcare workers (HCWs) may result in delayed treatment and the rapid spread of infection. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and perceptions of HCWs about COVID-19.MethodsA cross-sectional, web-based study was conducted among HCWs about COVID-19 during the first week of March 2020. A 23-item survey instrument was developed and distributed randomly to HCWs using social media; it required 5 minutes to complete. A chi-square test was used to investigate the level of association among variables at the significance level of p<0.05.ResultsOf 529 participants, a total of 453 HCWs completed the survey (response rate: 85.6%); 51.6% were males, 32.1% were aged 25-34 years, and most were doctors (30.2%) and medical students (29.6%). Regarding COVID-19, most of the participants used social media to obtain information (61%), and a significant proportion of HCWs had poor knowledge of its transmission (61%) and symptom onset (63.6%) and showed positive perceptions of COVID-19 prevention and control. Factors such as age and profession were associated with inadequate knowledge and poor perception of COVID-19.ConclusionAs the global threat of COVID-19 continues to emerge, it is critical to improve the knowledge and perceptions of HCWs. Educational interventions are urgently needed to reach HCWs beyond borders, and further studies are warranted.

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ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN INFERTILITAS DI POLI KANDUNGAN RS PKT SIAGA RAMANIA TAHUN 2018

KESMAS UWIGAMA: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.24903/kujkm.v4i1.297 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Lisa Septiana

Keyword(s):

Employment Status ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Female Infertility ◽

World Health ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

East Kalimantan ◽

Health Organization ◽

Infertile Patients

Background: Female infertility is one of the most important issues for public health. According to the World Health Organization, the incidence of infertile cases are increasing each year. Likewise, according to the Central Bureau of Statistics, infertile incidence in Indonesia has been increasing. Pupuk Kaltim Siaga Ramania Hospital is one of the hospitals in East Kalimantan Province with improving number for visiting infertile patients. This study aimed to analyze the factors related to the incidence of infertility. Subjects and Method: The design of this study is cross-sectional. The study was conducted at Poly obstetric Pupuk Kaltim Siaga Ramania Hospital from January to March, 2018. A sample of 180 fertile women with sampling through purposive sampling technique. The dependent variable was infertility. The independent variables were age, obesity, long married, and employment status on the incidence of infertility. The data were collected by medical records and questionnaires. Data were analyzed with Chi Square statistical analysis with significance level of 0.05.Results: Female infertility was affected by age (p=0.000, X2 count= 18,037), obesity (OR=3.360; CI 95%=1.773-6.367; p<0.000; X2 count = 13.155), long married (OR=4.972; CI 95%=2.525-9.790; p<0.000; X2 count = 21.670), dan employment status (OR=2.764; CI 95%=1.478-5.171; p<0.002; X2 count = 9.401). Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is correlation of age, obesity, long married, and employment status on the incidence of infertility. It is necessary for improving the knowledge regarding risk factors and for couples who had obesity to applied a pattern of a healthy diet by keeping weight ideally. Keywords : age, obesity, long married, employment and infertilityBibliography : 26 (2007-2017)

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The impact of internet Addiction and predictor factors on medical students: a cross-sectional study in western Iran

10.21203/rs.2.23640/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Neda Kianipour ◽

Razie Toghroli ◽

Jaffar Abbas ◽

Manoj Sharma ◽

Seyyed Amar Azizi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Medical Students ◽

Internet Addiction ◽

Technology Use ◽

The Internet ◽

Human Society ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact ◽

Internet And Social Media

Abstract Background: In recent years, Internet and social media technology use have emerged as an integral tool of human society, and the evolution of technological integration, cyberspace, and web-technology has become a common practice in educational institutions. Internet usage among students has played an indispensable role in learning behavior; however, the excessive usage of the internet and social media leads to internet addiction. This original study has performed a focalized scrutiny on revealing relationships between internet addiction and associated factors among the students of medicine, dentistry, and pharmaceutical departments.Methods: This descriptive and analytical study recruited medical students from the Self-governing Education Incubator of Kermanshah. This survey distributed 753 questionnaires among the respondents’ three departments, and this statistical data reported on 420 valid responses of the respondents. They represent first and second-semester medical students of the academic year 2017-2018. The study selected medical students by applying Cochran's Sample Size Formula through Stratified Random Sampling and cross-sectional research design. The survey has utilized a demographic questionnaire of Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) for the data collection. The study analyzed received data by using SPSS version 24 and performed the descriptive statistics, and analytical statistics (t-test and ANOVA).Results: The results of the present study established that the majority of subjects were female students (53.3%), and the average age was 23.84±2.14, including the students of all departments. Besides, findings specified that the overall mean and standard deviation scores were 3.34 and ±0.88. Internet addiction revealed mean and the standard deviation score measured for all students 3.29±0.73, 3.17±0.92, and 3.57±0.64 correspondingly. The survey results illustrated that medical students’ internet addiction substantially correlated with demographic variables, such as age, marital status, the field of study, academic term, significant time of consuming the internet, the key reason of utilizing the internet, and daily usage of the internet (p<0.05).Conclusions: The results of the study specified that 25% of medical students showed internet addiction. The students are increasingly using the internet, and it has penetrated among students. The design and implementation of adequate educational programs and the application of internet-based efficiency interventions are essential for both knowledge acquisition and medical students’ healthy behavior.

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