scholarly journals PSVI-32 The effects of varying amylose levels in different diets on digestibility and glycemic response in canines

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
Chloe Quilliam ◽  
Yikai Ren ◽  
Tressa Morris ◽  
Yongfeng Ai ◽  
Lynn P Weber
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Rice Diet

Abstract This study was conducted to compare the digestibility of pulse-based diets to grain-based diets based on varying levels of amylose and study how changes in digestibility impacts glycemic response in dogs. To establish glycemic response, six diets were formulated at an inclusion level of 20% available starch with varying amylose content. A grain-based diet was formulated using rice, while pulse-based diets consisted of smooth pea, wrinkled pea (4140–4 and Amigold varieties), faba bean, or lentil. Beagles (n = 8, 4 females, 4 males) were fed the 6 different test diets for 7 days in a randomized, cross-over, blinded design. At the end of each feeding period, fecal samples were collected and beagles were fasted overnight and subjected to a glycemic test (1g/kg of diet or glucose fed). Data collected were statistically analyzed using SigmaPlot 12.0 and significance was declared at P ≤ 0.05. Amylose levels of diets varied from 4.64% to 14.82% on a dry basis. The rice-based diet had the lowest amylose content, while the wrinkled pea (Amigold variety) diet had the highest amylose content. Following the collection of glycemic response and fecal data, repeated-measures, 1-way ANOVA’s were conducted. There were significant differences observed between diets based on peak glucose levels (mmol/L, P = 0.01). The rice diet had the highest peak in glucose, while the lentil-based diet had the lowest glucose peak. Significant differences were also seen between diets based on their digestibility (P < 0.001). Rice, lentil, faba bean and smooth pea-based diets had the highest levels of digestibility, while wrinkled pea varieties had decreased digestibility. Furthermore, varying amylose found in diets can be viewed as an impacting factor on glycemic response and digestibility. Incorporating pulses with higher amounts of amylose could be utilized in dog diets to promote a low glycemic response through decreased rates of digestibility.

Acute Effect of Chili Consumption on Thermogenesis and Glycemic Response Following Oral Glucose Load in Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-294
Author(s):  
Muriel Ávila-Seguel ◽  
Constanza Márquez-Urrizola ◽  
Gislaine Granfeldt ◽  
Katia Saez-Carrillo ◽  
Javad Sharifi-Rad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Effect ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Hypoglycemic and thermogenic effects are attributed to the capsaicinoid compounds (capsaicin). The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of the consumption of 5g of chili pepper on thermogenesis and the glycemic response. In a pretest-post-test quasi-experimental study, the energy expenditure (EE) of 15 healthy men was evaluated by using indirect calorimetry at rest and with the consumption of 5g of Capsicum annum. In addition, the glycemic response after an oral glucose load was evaluated. After the consumption of C. annum, there was a significant increase in the EE of all the participants during the first few seconds postchili consumption. In sedentary participants, the consumption of chili pepper caused a significant decrease of blood glucose levels. The consumption of chili pepper has a potential immediate thermogenic effect during the first few seconds and, in sedentary people, it has a potential hypoglycemic effect.

scholarly journals Metabolic and Stress Responses in Senegalese Soles (Solea senegalensis Kaup) Fed Tryptophan Supplements: Effects of Concentration and Feeding Period

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelino Herrera ◽  
Juan M. Miró ◽  
Inmaculada Giráldez ◽  
Natalia Salamanca ◽  
Juan A. Martos-Sitcha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Solea Senegalensis ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Stress Control ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Related Enzyme ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Stress

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of different dietary Trp concentrations on the stress and metabolism response of juvenile Senegalese soles (Solea senegalensis). Fish (38.1 ± 1.9 g) were fed different Trp-enriched feeds (0%, 1% and 2% Trp added) for two and eight days, and later exposed to air stress for three min. Samples were taken pre- and 1 h post-stress (condition). Plasma cortisol, lactate, glucose and proteins were significantly affected by the sampling time, showing higher values at 1 h post-stress. Trp concentration in food also had significant effects on lactate and glucose levels. However, the feeding period did not affect these parameters. Post-stress values were higher than in the pre-stress condition for every plasma parameter, except for lactate in two days and 1% Trp treatment. Nevertheless, cortisol, glucose and lactate did not vary significantly between pre- and post-stress samplings in fish fed the 1% Trp-enriched diet for two days. The lack of variability in cortisol response was also due to the high pre-stress value, significantly superior to pre-stress control. The exposure time to Trp feeding did not significantly affect any enzyme activity; however, Trp added and condition influenced protein-related enzyme activities. In spite of decreasing stress markers, Trp-enriched diets altered the protein metabolism.

Glycemic response of Emblica officinalis powder-incorporated Indian recipes

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shonima Venugopal ◽  
Uma Iyer ◽  
Richa Sanghvi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Emblica Officinalis ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Capillary Sampling ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Overnight Fasting

Purpose Glycemic index (GI) is a physiological basis for ranking carbohydrate foods based on the blood glucose responses they produce after ingestion. Emblica officinalis (E. officinalis) is a medicinal plant that purportedly has hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic properties. This study aims to determine the glycemic and lipemic responses of freeze-dried E. officinalis powder-incorporated recipes. Design/methodology/approach Two sets of four equicarbohydrate (50 g) recipes (vegetable cutlet, handvo, muthiya and methi thepla) were developed, one without E. officinalis powder incorporation (standard) and one with E. officinalis powder incorporation at the 2 g level (test). After overnight fasting, 50 g glucose, standard and test recipes were administered to healthy adult volunteers at different instances (each 3–4 days apart) and blood glucose levels were measured using capillary sampling every 15 min for 2 h. The glycemic response and GI values were then calculated. Findings Among the standard recipes, lowest glycemic response was obtained by methi thepla (60.90 ± 15.54) and highest glycemic response by handvo (90.57 ± 33.88). Incorporation of E. officinalis powder brought about a non-significant reduction in the GI of methi thepla (p = 0.94), vegetable cutlet (p = 0.54), muthiya (p = 0.69) and handvo (p = 0.09). Maximum per cent reduction was for handvo, which shifted from the high to medium GI category. The lipemic response was lowest with muthiya, showing a fall in triacylglycerol (TG) levels (3.9%). E. officinalis powder incorporation in muthiya led to a further fall (7.8%) in TG levels. Originality/value Incorporation of freeze-dried E. officinalis powder in Indian recipes can bring about a reduction in the postprandial glycemic and lipemic responses.

scholarly journals Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Response to a Cookie with or Without Added RS4 Wheat Starch After 3 Days of Pre-Feeding: A Double Blind, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial (P08-081-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Jenkins ◽  
Clodualdo Maningat ◽  
Paul Seib ◽  
Janice Campbell ◽  
Adish Ezatagha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Gi Symptoms

Abstract Objectives Research on the effect of resistant starch on postprandial glucose levels has mainly focused on the attenuation achieved by substituting it for the available carbohydrate (avCarb), few studies have looked at the effect on glucose levels when the resistant starch is added to avCarb. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the acute effect on postprandial glycemia and insulinemia of a cross-linked RS4 wheat starch (Fibersym® RW) in a test cookie compared to a control cookie matched for available carbohydrate after a 3-day habituation period. Methods This study used a double blind, randomized, cross-over design. Nineteen healthy subjects were screened of which 16 were eligible and randomized into the study. A total of 15 subjects completed the study (5M:10F; 32 ± 11y; 24.9 ± 2.5 kg/m2; BP 112/70 mmHg). After 3-day pre-feeding of Control (dietary fiber 1.6 g/d) or Fibersym sugar snap cookies (dietary fiber 29 g/d), the subjects, after an overnight fast, consumed either the respective Control or Fibersym cookie, both meals contained 40 g avCarb. Blood samples were collected over 2 h. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were recorded during the pre-feeding period and during the postprandial visit. Subjective appetite scores were measured at the same time points when blood samples were collected. Results The 90-min blood glucose incremental area under the curve (IAUC) was statistically significantly lower after ingesting the Fibersym cookie (71.9 ± 8.5 mmolxmin/L) compared to the Control cookie (86.7 ± 9.3 mmolxmin/L) (P < 0.02). In addition, the peak glucose concentrations at 30 and 45 min after consumption of the Fibersym cookie was significantly lower than the Control cookie (P < 0.05). Insulin levels at 90-min (P < 0.016) and the 2-h (P < 0.02) insulin IAUC's were significantly lower after consumption of the Fibersym cookie compared to the Control cookie. There were no significant differences in GI symptoms over the 3-day pre-feeding period and during the 2 h postprandial visit between the two cookies and neither did the appetite scores differ significantly. Conclusions The cross-linked RS4 wheat starch, Fibersym, when formulated into a cookie, is well tolerated and attenuates blood glucose and insulin levels in healthy subjects compared to a Control cookie containing the same amount of available carbohydrate. Funding Sources MGP Ingredients, Inc.

scholarly journals Assessment of Blood Glucose and Electrolytes during Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients of Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Abdul Haseeb ◽  
Mohammad Hassaan Khan ◽  
Akash Khetpal ◽  
Muhammad Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Blood Electrolytes ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION: </strong>Perioperative hyperglycemia has been shown to be related to higher levels of morbidity and mortality in patients on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), both diabetic and non-diabetic. Blood electrolytes, like sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride play a very important role in the normal functioning of the body and can lead to a variety of clinical disorders if they become deficient. A minimal number of studies have been conducted on the simultaneous perioperative changes in both blood glucose and electrolyte levels during CPB in Pakistan. Therefore, our aim is to record and compare the changes in blood glucose and electrolyte levels during CPB in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.</p><p><strong>MATERIALS &amp; METHODS: </strong>This was a prospective, observational study conducted on 200 patients who underwent CABG with CPB, from October 2014 to March 2015. The patients were recruited from the Cardiac Surgery Ward, Civil Hospital Karachi after they complied with the inclusion criteria. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the trend of the changes perioperatively for the two groups.</p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>There was no significant difference in changes in blood glucose between the two groups (<em>P</em> = 0.62). The only significant difference detected between the two groups was for PaCO<sub>2</sub> (<em>P</em> = 0.001). Besides, further analysis revealed insignificant group differences for the trend changes in other blood electrolytes (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05).</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>Our findings highlighted that there is no significant difference in blood electrolytes changes and the increase in blood glucose levels between diabetic and non-diabetic patients.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of Protein, Fat and Both Protein and Fat on Glycemic Response of a Meal (P18-094-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Taai ◽  
Lesley Lilly ◽  
Cynthia Heiss ◽  
Beth Senne-Duff
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Spike Timing ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Carbohydrate Load

Abstract Objectives To determine if isocaloric supplementation of a high glycemic load breakfast with protein, fat, or a combination of the two attenuates the glycemic response in non-diabetic subjects. Elevated blood glucose (BG) levels from a diet high in refined carbohydrates, even in the absence of diabetes, may increase the risk for chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Addition of protein and fat have shown inconsistently delay the glycemic response to a carbohydrate load. Methods Thirteen healthy adults, age 24.7 ± 4y, BMI 25.1 ± 4.5 completed four trials for this crossover study. The participants had to be non-smoker, between 18–30 years of age, with no known allergy to any components of the control or treatment meals. Exclusion criteria included weight under 110 Ib, pregnancy or breastfeeding, and any medical condition or medication that affects BG considered. The participants received the control and all treatments in different sessions at random. The subjects consumed 2 slices of white bread and 250 mL of apple juice (60 g carbohydrate) alone (control), or with an added protein (100 kcal egg white), fat (100 kcal butter), or protein + fat (50 kcal egg white and 50 kcal butter) within 15 min. Fasting BG was measured and BG was measured at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min, after the meals was consumed. A One way Repeated measures ANOVA test used to compare the BG spike, timing and iAUC in the BG among the four trials, Tukey's post-hoc test was performed to indicate if there was a difference in the spike, timing and iAUC. Results The results indicated the spike in BG (peak minus baseline) was significantly lower with added fat group compared to added protein group (69.0 ± 15.4 vs 46.9 ± 13.0, respectively, P < 0.05). At 15 and 30 min, BG was higher in the added protein group (142.77 + 13.73 and 150.38 + 21.82) compared to the added fat group (126.35 + 9.97 and 126.5 + 17.23). However; the spike was not significantly different between the control and the treatments. There was no significant difference in iAUC among the control and the treatments. Conclusions In this study added protein, fat, or protein + fat in a 100 kcal amount did not influence the spike in BG in response to a high refined carbohydrate meal. The fat delays the spike in the BG compared to the protein and protein + fat groups. Funding Sources University of the Incarnate Word.

Erythropoietin Treatment Is Associated with Decreased Blood Glucose Levels: A Preliminary Study in Hematologic Patients

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 4793-4793
Author(s):  
Howard S Oster ◽  
Moran Gvili ◽  
Odelia Katz ◽  
Michael Hoffman ◽  
Drorit Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Average Glucose

Abstract Abstract 4793 Introduction: Erythropoietin (EPO) is the major hormone which enhances proliferation and maturation of the red cell lineage, and its recombinant form (rHuEPO) is used extensively to treat various types of anemia. rHuEPO has also been found to exert effects in other organ systems, and our previous work has demonstrated an immunomodulatory role for EPO. Recently, we have also found that mice exposed to high levels of EPO (either rHuEPO injections or transgenic mice overexpressing human EPO), have significantly lower levels of blood glucose than those of their respective controls (Katz et al., J Endocrinol 2010;205:87-95). The current retrospective study was designed to determine whether rHuEPO treatment in hematologic patients, is associated with decreased blood glucose levels. Methods: Patients receiving rHuEPO were examined, comparing glucose levels (morning blood tests, assumed to be fasting) while on rHuEPO treatment to those off treatment. All patients served as their own controls. To test the association between rHuEPO treatment and blood glucose levels, we employed a mixed-model repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The charts of 19 patients were reviewed to determine the starting date of rHuEPO and the levels of blood glucose in relation to rHuEPO treatment. Mean age: 77 (range: 54–93). Thirteen patients had myelodysplastic syndrome, and six had multiple myeloma. Two patients had diabetes mellitus. Average glucose levels (mean±95%CI) without rHuEPO treatment were 116.07±4.98. Glucose measurements were available for a median of 9.23 (interquartile range: 7.90–16.80) months after the initiation of rHuEPO treatment. The average glucose level over that period of time was 101.77±4.86 (p<0.0001). The two diabetic patients also demonstrated a trend towards reduced serum blood glucose and lower HbA1C while being treated with rHuEPO. Conclusions: Treatment of hematologic patients with rHuEPO is associated with significantly lower blood glucose levels, and might serve in the future to improve glucose control in anemic patients with hyperglycemia. Further studies with both diabetic and non-diabetic patients are currently underway to clarify this association. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals PSXI-28 Commercial grain-free diet improved taurine status, but increased bile acid excretion when fed to Labrador Retrievers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 317-318
Author(s):  
Renan Antunes Donadelli ◽  
Julia G Pezzali ◽  
Patrícia M Oba ◽  
Kelly S Swanson ◽  
Craig N Coon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Bile Acid Excretion ◽  
Labrador Retrievers

Abstract In 2018 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a statement that grain-free diets may be related to the increased incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs. This statement was made despite all implicated diets meeting nutrient requirements published by the Association of American Feed Controls Official (AAFCO) and enforced by State Officials. Many of these dogs presented with low plasma or whole blood taurine concentrations, and as such, we hypothesized that feeding these diets would result in reduced taurine status over a 26 wk feeding period. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding a grain-free diet to large breed dogs on taurine status and overall health. Eight Labrador Retrievers (4 males, 4 females; Four Rivers Kennel, MO) were individually housed and fed a commercial complete and balanced grain-free diet (Acana Pork and Squash formula; APS; moisture 8.40%, crude protein 37.81%, crude fat 18.78%, ash 8.06%, and total dietary fiber 11.40%) for 26 weeks. Fasted blood samples were collected at week 0 and 26 for analyses of plasma and whole blood taurine. Urine was collected by free catch and analyzed for taurine and creatinine. Fresh fecal samples were collected and analyzed for bile acids. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure with repeated measures in SAS (v. 9.4). Dogs were healthy throughout the duration of the trial. Urinary taurine to creatinine ratio did not change throughout the feeding period (wk 0 = 0.25 vs. wk 26 = 0.28). Fecal bile acid excretion increased after 26 weeks of feeding APS to dogs. Despite the higher fecal excretion of bile acids, plasma and whole blood taurine increased over the 26 wk feeding period. In conclusion, feeding APS for 26 wk results in increased taurine status in large breed dogs, despite higher excretion of fecal bile acids.

scholarly journals Glycemic Index values of some Jaffna fruits

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selladurai Pirasath ◽  
Kulasingam Thayananthan ◽  
Sandrasekarampillai Balakumar ◽  
Vasanthy Arasaratnam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Overnight Fasting ◽  
Body Mass Indexes

Background: The incidence of diabetes mellitus has recently increased in developing countries. Scientific data on glycemic index values of common meals is essential to modify the diets for diabetes mellitus patients. This study aimed to evaluate the glycemic index (GI) values of fruits such as ‘Kathali’ (Yellow plantain), ‘Kappal’ (Golden plantain), and ‘Itharai’ (Green plantain) varieties of plantains, jack fruit and papaya. The results will be helpful to physicians and the general public to decide the benefits of the consumption of fruits, particularly by diabetic and coronary heart disease patients.Methods: Healthy volunteers (20 Nos.) of 21.05(±0.92) years, 53.90 (±9.36) kg body weights, 153.92 (±9.15) m heights, and 20.55 (±2.22) kgm-2 body mass indexes were selected with their written consent. After overnight fasting, 75g glucose and each test fruit containing 75g digestible carbohydrate were administered at different instances and blood glucose levels were measured half hourly for two hours. The glycemic response and GI values were calculated and analyzed by Randomized Complete Block Design using SAS analytical package.Results: The mean GI values of the ‘Kathali’, ‘Kappal’, ‘Itharai’ varieties of plantains, jack fruit and papaya were 54.45 (±9.26), 50.43 (±5.79), 48.47 (±10.13), 65.36 (±8.00) and 34.80 (±12.78) % respectively. The GI value of papaya differed significantly (P<0.05) from other fruits. The GI value of ‘Itharai’ variety of plantain differed significantly (P<0.05) from other fruits except the ‘Kappal’ variety of plantain.Conclusion: The three varieties of plantains and papaya were low GI fruits, and jack fruit was found to be an intermediate GI fruit. The presence of dietary fiber, esp. soluble fiber, reduces the glycemic response and glycemic index of foods. Keywords: Glycemic index, glycemic response, fiber, fruits.

scholarly journals Health benefits of barley for diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Idehen ◽  
Weixin Wang ◽  
Shengmin Sang
Keyword(s):  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
The United States ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders in the United States. Increased blood glucose levels and improper crucial metabolism ensuing from insulin action, insulin secretion defect, or both are characteristics of this disease. The risk of developing T2D is associated with many factors, including obesity, race, inactivity, and genetics. Increased whole-grain (WG) consumption has been reported to lower the risk of obesity and T2D. Among WGs, barley shows a comparative advantage in its fiber content, especially the soluble fiber, beta-glucan (β-glucan), an active component credited for this benefit. Barley also contains important phytochemicals, mostly intertwined with its fiber, reported to also offer glycemic response benefits. The mechanism by which barley exerts these changes in glycemic response is not entirely understood. However, the physical properties of barley fiber, the function of microbial metabolites of fiber, short chain fatty acids, and the beneficial effects of its phytochemicals through multiple pathways have all been reported as the potential mechanisms for its antidiabetic effects. This review summarizes recent studies concerning the health-promoting benefit of barley in preventing and moderating the risk factors associated with diabetes and the potential underlying mechanisms.

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