Supplementing Merino ewes with melatonin during the last half of pregnancy improves tolerance of prolonged parturition and survival of second-born twin lambs

Abstract High preweaning mortality rates continue to limit sheep production globally, constituting a major economic and welfare concern. Greater losses in twin lambs (≥30%) compared with singletons (≥10%) are attributed primarily to lower birth weight and increased risk of intrapartum hypoxia, leading to impairment of thermoregulation, neuromotor activity, and maternal bonding behavior. Previous intensive studies demonstrated that supplementing pregnant ewes with melatonin reduced the adverse effects of fetal growth restriction and perinatal hypoxia on the neonatal brain via increased umbilical blood flow, placental efficiency, and antioxidant actions. The current study examined the effects of supplementing pregnant ewes with melatonin on lamb survival, birth weight, and behavior under intensive conditions. From gestational day (gD) 80 until parturition, pregnant singleton and twin-bearing ewes were supplemented with melatonin via a 2-mg capsule fed daily (Mel-FED, n = 61) or 18 mg subcutaneous implant (Regulin), with one implant administered at gD80 and another at gD125 (Mel-IMP, n = 60). Control ewes received no supplementation (CTL, n = 60). Ewes and lambs were monitored via video throughout parturition. Postpartum measures were taken from lambs at 4 and 24 h (live weight [LW], rectal temperature, serum immunoglobulin G, and latency to stand and suck after birth) and LW at 72 h, 7 d, marking (49.7 ± 0.2 d), and weaning (124.2 ± 0.8 d). Chi-square analysis was used to compare lamb survival between treatment groups. There were no treatment effects on singleton lamb survival. Melatonin supplementation tended to increase the proportion of twin lambs surviving from birth to weaning (Mel-FED = 85.5%; Mel-IMP = 85.9%; CTL = 72.9%; each P < 0.1). Survival of first-born twins did not differ between treatment (each ~90%, P = 0.745) but within second-born twins, survival of Mel-FED was greater than CTL (81.6 vs. 57.1%, P = 0.023), and Mel-IMP (78.1%) tended to be greater than CTL (P = 0.068). Similarly, in second-born twins exposed to prolonged parturition (≥ 90 min), survival of lambs from Mel-FED ewes was greater than CTL (86.7% vs. 42.9%, P = 0.032), while Mel-IMP was intermediate (66.7%). These data suggest that the neuroprotective actions of melatonin may improve twin lamb survival by increasing tolerance of prolonged parturition and provide a sound basis for continued testing in extensively managed sheep flocks.

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Perinatal Outcomes of Small for Gestational Age in Twin Pregnancies: Twin vs. Singleton Charts

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10040643 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 643

Author(s):

Veronica Giorgione ◽

Corey Briffa ◽

Carolina Di Fabrizio ◽

Rohan Bhate ◽

Asma Khalil

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Perinatal Death ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Chi Square ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Twin Pregnancies

Twin pregnancies are commonly assessed using singleton growth and birth weight reference charts. This practice has led to a significant number of twins labelled as small for gestational age (SGA), causing unnecessary interventions and increased risk of iatrogenic preterm birth. However, the use of twin-specific charts remains controversial. This study aims to assess whether twin-specific estimated fetal weight (EFW) and birth weight (BW) charts are more predictive of adverse outcomes compared to singleton charts. Centiles of EFW and BW were calculated using previously published singleton and twin charts. Categorical data were compared using Chi-square or McNemar tests. The study included 1740 twin pregnancies, with the following perinatal adverse outcomes recorded: perinatal death, preterm birth <34 weeks, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and admissions to the neonatal unit (NNU). Twin-specific charts identified prenatally and postnatally a smaller proportion of infants as SGA compared to singleton charts. However, twin charts showed a higher percentage of adverse neonatal outcomes in SGA infants than singleton charts. For example, perinatal death (SGA 7.2% vs. appropriate for gestational age (AGA) 2%, p < 0.0001), preterm birth <34 weeks (SGA 42.1% vs. AGA 16.4%, p < 0.0001), HDP (SGA 21.2% vs. AGA 13.5%, p = 0.015) and NNU admissions (SGA 69% vs. AGA 24%, p < 0.0001), when compared to singleton charts (perinatal death: SGA 2% vs. AGA 1%, p = 0.029), preterm birth <34 weeks: (SGA 20.6% vs. AGA 17.4%, p = 0.020), NNU admission: (SGA 34.5% vs. AGA 23.9%, p < 0.000). There was no significant association between HDP and SGA using the singleton charts (p = 0.696). In SGA infants, according to the twin charts, the incidence of abnormal umbilical artery Doppler was significantly more common than in SGA using the singleton chart (27.0% vs. 8.1%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, singleton charts misclassify a large number of twins as at risk of fetal growth restriction. The evidence suggests that the following twin-specific charts could reduce unnecessary medical interventions prenatally and postnatally.

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Abstract 192: Intra-Placental Gene Transfer of Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Reprograms Fetal Predisposition to Obesity in Intra-uterine Growth Restriction

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.60.suppl_1.a192 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Khaled R Omar ◽

Helen Jones ◽

Swathi Balaji ◽

Young Nam ◽

Kitcheol Kil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gene Transfer ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Mice Model ◽

Fasting Serum ◽

Chi Square ◽

Serum Leptin ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Fetal Reprogramming

We have shown that intra placental adenoviral mediated gene transfer of (Ad hIGF1) corrects birth weight in a new surgical mouse IUGR model. Evidence shows that IUGR offspring are predisposed to increased risk of adult diseases. We hypothesized that intraplacental Ad hIGF1 not only restores birth weight in this IUGR model but prevents adult onset obesity through fetal reprogramming Laparotomy was done at day 18 on time pregnant C57BL/6J mice, divided into 3 groups. Control: Sham operated; IUGR: birth weight <10% for gestational age; Treated: IUGR+IGF1; n= 16. Pups were delivered on day 20, cross fostered to surrogate CD1 mice, sorted by gender at 4 weeks and followed up to 24 weeks. Body weight, fat pad weight, fasting serum leptin and food consumption were measured. Data analyzed by Chi-square or ANOVA Compared to SHAM, IUGR significantly reduced birth weight, restored to normal in IUGR+IGF-1 (1.12± .1vs 0.9± .1 vs 1.09± .1 g, p= .001). At 8 weeks, IUGR achieved mean body weight equivalent to SHAM and IUGR+IGF-1. By week 21, regardless of sex, IUGR significantly increased weight (obesity) compared to sham and IUGR+IGF-1 (fig A). Total fad pad weights were significantly higher in IUGR compared to SHAM but were restored to normal in IUGR+IGF1 (fig B). IUGR significantly increased fasting serum leptin, compared to Sham and restored to normal in IUGR+IGF1 ( .6± .4vs 5.7± 1.1 vs .8± .4 pg/ug, p= .01). No difference in food consumption amongst the groups Intra placental gene transfer of Ad hIGF1 corrects birth weight in IUGR mice model and attenuates the risk of postnatal obesity, This support the concept that in utero reprogramming of fetal predisposition to obesity is a novel approch to treatment of IUGR.

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Abstract 16584: Association of Lower Height and Higher LDL-c in a Statewide Schoolchild Cholesterol Screening Program

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.16584 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Lee A Pyles ◽

Christa Lilly ◽

Eloise Elliott ◽

William A Neal

Keyword(s):

Short Stature ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Screening Program ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Chi Square ◽

Primordial Prevention ◽

Lipid Panel ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Lower Height ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Introduction: The Coronary Artery Risk Detection in Appalachian Communities (CARDIAC) Project has screened West Virginia 5th graders since 1998 to facilitate primordial prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) in WV. LDL-c levels above 175 mg/dl in children suggest Familial Hyperlipidemia (FH) in the child’s family and a level above 160 mg/dl with history of CHD in relatives can also establish a diagnosis. Hypothesis: Based on previous adult literature, the association of lower height with higher LDL level observed in adults begins in childhood and is prominent in children with LDL in FH range. Methods: Fifth graders are screened yearly in WV schools with parental consent for Body Mass Index and lipid panel. Lipids were analyzed with respect to either short stature < 2 SD for height or comparing 1st (shortest) and 4th quartiles of the population. Statistical analysis for age- and gender-adjusted height percentiles was performed in SAS. Results: 59,386 children had lipid and height data. Mean LDL-c for 1st vs. 4th quartile of height was 94.08 mg/dl (95% Confidence Interval-CI 93.66-94.51) vs. 90.03 mg/dl (CI 89.65-90.42). First quartile of height students had average 4.05 mg/dl higher LDL-c (95% CI 3.48 -4.62 mg/dl). 4398 children had an LDL level above 130 g/dl, 632 above 160 mg/dl and 247 above 175 mg/dl. The Chi square analysis of short stature (height 130 g/dl was also significant (p=0.013) with increased odds of LDL-c above 130 g/dl compared to non-short stature (OR= 1.37, CL 1.07-1.75). Table 1 shows odds ratio for varying levels of elevated LDL-c for the first (shortest) vs. 4th (tallest) quartile of students. Conclusions: Shorter stature is associated with higher LDL-c level in WV 5th graders generally and in those children with increased risk for genetic dyslipidemia. The trend to increasing odds ratio in strata of higher LDL-c supports a recent report of association of single nucleotide polymorphisms selecting for lower genetic height and higher LDL-c.

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THE INFLUENCE OF SEX AND BIRTH WEIGHT OF THE CALF AND THE PARITY AND LENGTH OF GESTATION ON THE TIME OF CALVING

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas89-100 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 871-875

Author(s):

J. THARMARAJ ◽

Y. SHINDE ◽

F. KASHIWAMURA ◽

M. NAKAMURA ◽

T. IKETAKI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Key Words ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Light Weight ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

Early Late ◽

Weight Groups ◽

Length Of Gestation

Data on 721 calvings of Holstein cows recorded over a 10-yr period at the Obihiro University Dairy Farm were analyzed using chi-square analysis of variance. Calvings were not evenly distributed over the 24 h (P < 0.05). Calf birth weight affected the time of calving (P = 0.02). Sex of the calf (P = 0.73), parity (P = 0.55) and length of gestation (P = 0.10) did not directly influence the time of calving. Calves were divided into three groups according to their birth weights, within subclasses of sex (male, female), parity (early, late) and length of gestation (short, long). The groups were: light weight (≤ mean − SD under that subclass), average (mean + SD) and heavy (≥ mean + SD). Chi-square analysis comparing the three birth weight groups revealed that most of the lightest calves were born during the night. Weight of the mature fetus was related to the time of calving, but the mechanism for it was not resolved. Key words: Calving time, calf birth weight, parturition

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Identifying High-Risk Children in the Emergency Department

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine ◽

10.1177/0885066615571893 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (10) ◽

pp. 660-666 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Katie R. Nielsen ◽

Russ Migita ◽

Maneesh Batra ◽

Jane L. Di Gennaro ◽

Joan S. Roberts ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

High Risk ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Pediatric Intensive Care ◽

Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve ◽

Clinical Deterioration ◽

Chi Square ◽

Inpatient Ward ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Purpose: Early warning scores (EWS) identify high-risk hospitalized patients prior to clinical deterioration; however, their ability to identify high-risk pediatric patients in the emergency department (ED) has not been adequately evaluated. We sought to determine the association between modified pediatric EWS (MPEWS) in the ED and inpatient ward-to-pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) transfer within 24 hours of admission. Methods: This is a case–control study of 597 pediatric ED patients admitted to the inpatient ward at Seattle Children’s Hospital between July 1, 2010, and December 31, 2011. Cases were children subsequently transferred to the PICU within 24 hours, whereas controls remained hospitalized on the inpatient ward. The association between MPEWS in the ED and ward-to-PICU transfer was determined by chi-square analysis. Results: Fifty children experienced ward-to-PICU transfer within 24 hours of admission. The area under the receiver–operator characteristic curve was 0.691. Children with MPEWS > 7 in the ED were more likely to experience ward-to-PICU transfer (odds ratio 8.36, 95% confidence interval 2.98-22.08); however, the sensitivity was only 18.0% with a specificity of 97.4%. Using MPEWS >7 for direct PICU admission would have led to 167 unnecessary PICU admissions and identified only 9 of 50 patients who required PICU care. Conclusions: Elevated MPEWS in the ED is associated with increased risk of ward-to-PICU transfer within 24 hours of admission; however, an MPEWS threshold of 7 is not sufficient to identify more than a small proportion of ward-admitted children with subsequent clinical deterioration.

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BERAT LAHIR SEBAGAI FAKTOR DOMINAN TERJADINYA STUNTING PADA BALITA (12–59 BULAN) DI SUMATERA (ANALISIS DATA RISKESDAS 2010)

Photon: Jurnal Sain dan Kesehatan ◽

10.37859/jp.v4i1.173 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 77-88

Author(s):

Fitri

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Motor Development ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Economic Status ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Chi Square Test

Stunting is very short state of body so that the deficit exceeded -2 SD below the median length or height. Stunting is a public health issue because it deals with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, delayed motor development, and mental growth retardation. The general objective of research is to know the dominant factor related with stunting in infants (12-59 months) in Sumatra in 2010. This study uses cross sectional research design and quantitative method with 3126 toddlers sample. Processing and analyzing data using chi square test (bivariate) and multiple logistic regression (multivariate). The analysis showed that based on the index TB/U, stunting toddlers as much as 37.5% and 62.5% of normal. The results of chi square test showed significant relationship between stunting with birth weight, energy intake, protein intake, sex, maternal education, area of residence and economic status of families. The results of multivariate analysis showed the birth weight variable is the most dominant factor associated with stunting after being controlled with sex, area of residence and economic status of families variables.

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Mortality From Burns Sustained on Home Oxygen Therapy Exceeds Predicted Mortality

Journal of Burn Care & Research ◽

10.1093/jbcr/iraa097 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 976-980

Author(s):

Kathleen E Singer ◽

Jalen A Harvey ◽

Victor Heh ◽

Elizabeth L Dale

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Length Of Stay ◽

Average Length ◽

Severity Index ◽

Burn Severity ◽

Chi Square ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Secondary Outcomes ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Abstract The Boston Criteria and the Abbreviated Burn Severity Index are two widely accepted models for predicting mortality in burn patients. We aimed to elucidate whether these models are able to predict the risk of mortality in patients who sustain burns while smoking on home oxygen given their clinical fragility. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 48 patients admitted to our burn center from November 2013 to September 2017 who sustained a burn while smoking on home oxygen. Yearlong mortality was the primary outcome of the investigation; secondary outcomes included discharge to facility, length of stay, and need for tracheostomy. We calculated the expected mortality rate for each patient based on Boston Criteria and Abbreviated Burn Severity Index and compared the mortality rate observed in our cohort. Patients in our cohort suffered a 54% mortality rate within a year of injury, compared to a 23.5% mortality predicted by Boston Criteria, which was found to be statistically significant by chi-square analysis (P < .05). Abbreviated Burn Severity Index predicted mortality was 19.7%. While the absolute value of the difference in mortality was greater, this was not significant on chi-square analysis due to sample size. Our secondary outcomes revealed 42% discharge to facility, the average length of stay of 6.2 days, and 6.25% required tracheostomy. Patients whose burns are attributable to smoking on home oxygen may have an increased risk of mortality than prognostication models would suggest. This bears significant clinical impact, particularly regarding family and provider decision making in pursuing aggressive management.

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PENGARUH TEKNIK MARMET TERHADAP KELANCARAN ASI PADA IBU MENYUSUI

Voice of Midwifery ◽

10.35906/vom.v6i08.20 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (08) ◽

pp. 17-30

Author(s):

Andi Kasrida Dahlan

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Control Groups ◽

Milk Ejection ◽

Microsoft Excel ◽

Chi Square ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Milk Ejection Reflex ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Background: The marmet technique is removing the milk manually and assisting the milk exclusion reflex (Milk Ejection Reflex). Objective: Marmet technique influence to fluid breastfeeding in breastfeeding mothers.Method: design in this research is quasi experiment, population in this research are all postpartum gave birth with a normal gestational age with normal birth weight. Sampling using total sampling, with 24 samples, divided into 2 groups, 12 intervention groups and 12 control groups. Data collection using observation sheet and checklist. The data collected was then processed and analyzed using computer program of microsoft excel and statistic program (SPSS) version 20 with data bivariat analysis using chi-square analysis presented in table 2x2 form.Result: No effect of Marmet technique on breastfeeding in breastfeeding mothers before treatment, (ρ- Value = ,640 > 0,05), There is Marmet technique influence to fluid activity of breastfeeding mother after treatment (ρ-Value = 0,027 < 0,05).Conclusion: There is no effect of Marmet technique on breastfeeding in breastfeeding mothers before treatment is given and Marmet technique exists on the smoothness of breastfeeding in breastfeeding mothers after being given treatment. Keywords : PostPartum, Marmet Technique, Smoothness of Breast Milk

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HUBUNGAN KEJADIAN BAYI BERAT BADAN LAHIR RENDAH DENGAN HIPERBILIRUBINEMIA

JURNAL MEDIA KESEHATAN ◽

10.33088/jmk.v8i1.251 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 25-29

Author(s):

Dina Andesty

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Blood Disorder ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

Relationship Of

According to the result of Riskesdas 2010, one of the causes of neonatal mortality inIndonesia was a blood disorder / jaundice / hyperbilirubinemia (6.6%). Hyperbilirubinemia oneof the causes of infant mortality, one of which caused low birth weight. The incidence of hyperbilirubinemiain hospitals dr.M.Yunus Bengkulu in 2013 was 8.9%. The purpose of this studywas to determine the relationship of LBW with hyperbilirubinemia in space perinatalogi dr. M.Yunus Bengkulu 2013. This study used a case-control design. The population in this study all infantsborn in dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu in 2013, amounting to 1,580 babies. Samples were taken fora total of 35 cases in total sampling in the ratio 1: 2 to take control using systematic random samplingtechnique. The study used secondary data from the register book perinatal room. Data analysisusing univariate and bivariate analysis using chi-square analysis. The results showed almosthalf (34.3%) experienced LBW infants and almost half (33.3%) experienced hyperbilirubinemia.Infants with hyperbilirubinemia most (57.1%) had low birth weight. Results of Chi-Square statisticaltest showed a p-value = 0.001 < α of 0.05, meaning that there is a relationship between theincidence of LBW with hyperbilirubinemia. Obtained value OR = 4.5, which means the incidenceof hyperbilirubinemia have a 4.5 times greater risk in LBW infants than non-LBW. It isrecommended for health care workers, especially in the baby room can improve health care inproviding midwifery care to newborns who had low birth weight and increased infant with hyperbilirubinemiahandling.

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21 Effects of supplementing late gestation sow diets with zinc on pre-weaning mortality of pigs under commercial rearing conditions

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 36-37

Author(s):

Julia P Holen ◽

Pedro E Urriola ◽

Mark Schwartz ◽

Jae-Cheol Jang ◽

Gerald C Shurson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Statistical Model ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Chi Square ◽

Rearing Conditions ◽

Piglet Mortality ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine pre-weaning survival of pigs when sows were supplemented with 3 dietary levels of Zn in late gestation. Gilts and sows (n = 339) were assigned to one of three dietary treatments based on parity. Treatments were: 1) Control – corn-soybean meal-based diet containing 125 ppm supplemental Zn as ZnSO4 (75 ppm Zn) and AvailaZn™ (50 ppm Zn, CON); 2) Intermediate – as Control + 240 ppm supplemental Zn as ZnSO4 (INT); and 3) High – as Control + 470 ppm supplemental Zn as ZnSO4 (HI). Final supplemental Zn concentrations of diets were: 1) CON – 125 ppm; 2) INT – 365 ppm; and 3) HI – 595 ppm. Sows received dietary treatments from about d 85 of gestation until farrowing. Individual piglet birth weights were recorded within 12 h of parturition and all instances of piglet mortality were recorded. The statistical model considered fixed effects of diet and random effects of parity. Chi-square analysis was used to determine diet effects on piglet mortality. There were no differences in total pigs born, born alive, or weaned per litter. However, piglets from sows fed the INT diet had heavier (P < 0.05) birth weights (1.42 kg) than those fed CON (1.38 kg). Furthermore, incidence of low birth weight pigs was less (P < 0.05) for sows consuming INT compared with sows fed CON and HI (Table 1). Overall piglet mortality tended to decrease (P < 0.10) as dietary Zn increased. Furthermore, mortality of low birth weight pigs decreased (P < 0.05) as dietary Zn increased. Overall, effects of supplemental dietary Zn at 365 and 595 ppm in late gestation improved pre-weaning survival of low birth weight piglets and reduced overall pre-weaning mortality of piglets.

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