scholarly journals Methodology of the U.S. Army’s Suicide Prevention Leadership Tool Study: The Behavioral Health Readiness and Suicide Risk Reduction Review (R4)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin M Curley ◽  
Farifteh F Duffy ◽  
Paul Y Kim ◽  
Kristina M Clarke-Walper ◽  
Katie L Nugent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Walter Reed Army Institute ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Introduction The Secretary of the U.S. Army issued two directives in late 2017 to directly combat the problem of suicide in the U.S. Army. The first was to develop an Army tool to assist commanders and first-line leaders in preventing suicide and improving behavioral health (BH) outcomes, which has been previously published as the BH Readiness and Risk Reduction Review (R4). The second was to conduct an evaluation study of the tool with Army units in the field. This study is the first to empirically examine the Army’s tool-based methods for identifying and caring for the health and welfare of soldiers at risk for suicide, and this article outlines the methodology employed to study the effectiveness of the R4 tools and accomplish the Secretary’s second directive. Methods The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Institutional Review Board approved the R4 study. The study employed a repeated measurements in pre/post quasi-experimental design, including a nonequivalent but comparable business-as-usual control group. The R4 intervention consisted of the R4 tools, accompanying instructions, and an orientation. Samples were drawn from two geographically separated U.S. Army divisions in the continental United States, each composed of four comparable brigades. Study implementation consisted of three phases and three data collections over the course of 12 months. Soldiers completed anonymous survey instruments to assess a range of health factors, behaviors, characteristics, tool-related decision-making processes, and the frequency, type, and quality of interactions between soldiers and leaders. Results The R4 study commenced on May 6, 2019, and concluded on June 4, 2020. Sample size goals were achieved for both the divisions at all three data collection time points. Conclusions The methodology of the R4 study is critical for the U.S. Army from both a precedential and an outcome-based standpoint. Despite the use of many previous tools and programs for suicide prevention, this is the first time the Army has been able to empirically test the effectiveness of tool-supported decision-making among Army units in a rigorous fashion. The methodology of such a test is a critical marker for future interventional inquiries on the subject of suicide in the Army, and the results will allow for more informed decision-making by leaders when approaching these ongoing challenges.

scholarly journals Development of the U.S. Army’s Suicide Prevention Leadership Tool: The Behavioral Health Readiness and Suicide Risk Reduction Review (R4)

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (5-6) ◽  
pp. e668-e677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin M Curley ◽  
Elizabeth A Penix ◽  
Jayakanth Srinivasan ◽  
Dennis M Sarmiento ◽  
Leslie H McFarling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Institutional Barriers ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Introduction Although numerous efforts have aimed to reduce suicides in the U.S. Army, completion rates have remained elevated. Army leaders play an important role in supporting soldiers at risk of suicide, but existing suicide-prevention tools tailored to leaders are limited and not empirically validated. The purpose of this article is to describe the process used to develop the Behavioral Health Readiness and Suicide Risk Reduction Review (R4) tools for Army leaders that are currently undergoing empirical validation with two U.S. Army divisions. Materials and Methods Consistent with a Secretary of the Army directive, approximately 76 interviews and focus groups were conducted with Army leaders and subject matter experts (SMEs) to obtain feedback regarding existing practices for suicide risk management, leader tools, and institutional considerations. In addition, reviews of the empirical literature regarding predictors of suicide and best practices for the development of practice guidelines were conducted. Qualitative feedback, empirical predictors of suicide, and design considerations were integrated to develop the R4 tools. A second series of 11 interviews and focus groups with Army leaders and SMEs was also conducted to validate the design and obtain feedback regarding the R4 tools. Results Leaders described preferences for tool processes (eg, incorporating engaged leadership, including multiple risk identification methods), formatting (eg, one page), organization (eg, low-intermediate-high risk scoring system), content (eg, excluding other considerations related to vehicle safety, including readiness implications), and implementation (eg, accounting for leadership judgment, tailoring process to specific leadership echelons, consideration of institutional barriers). Evidence-based predictors of suicide risk and practice guideline considerations (eg, design) were integrated with leadership feedback to develop the R4 tools that were tailored to specific leadership echelons. Leaders provided positive feedback regarding the R4 tools and described the importance of accounting for potential institutional barriers to implementation. This feedback was addressed by including recommendations regarding the implementation of standardized support meetings between different echelons of leadership. Conclusions The R4 development process entailed the simultaneous integration of leadership feedback with evidence-based predictors of suicide risk and design considerations. Thus, the development of these tools builds upon previous Army leadership tools by specifically tailoring elements of those tools to accommodate leader preferences, accounting for potential implementation barriers (eg, institutional factors), and empirically evaluating the implementation of those tools. Future studies should consider utilizing a similar process to develop empirically based resources that are more likely to be incorporated into the routine practice of leaders supporting soldiers at risk of suicide, very often located at the company level and below.

scholarly journals Results of the Behavioral Health Readiness Evaluation and Decision-Making Instrument Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
Justin M Curley ◽  
Katie L Nugent ◽  
Kristina M Clarke-Walper ◽  
Elizabeth A Penix ◽  
James B Macdonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Walter Reed Army Institute ◽  
End User ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Decision Making Support

ABSTRACT Introduction Recent reports have demonstrated behavioral health (BH) system and individual provider challenges to BH readiness success. These pose a risk to winning on the battlefield and present a significant safety issue for the Army. One of the most promising areas for achieving better BH readiness results lies in improving readiness decision-making support for BH providers. The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) has taken the lead in addressing this challenge by developing and empirically testing such tools. The results of the Behavioral Health Readiness Evaluation and Decision-Making Instrument (B-REDI) field study are herein described. Methods The B-REDI study received WRAIR Institutional Review Board approval, and BH providers across five U.S. Army Forces Command installations completed surveys from September 2018 to March 2019. The B-REDI tools/training were disseminated to 307 providers through random clinic assignments. Of these, 250 (81%) providers consented to participate and 149 (60%) completed both initial and 3-month follow-up surveys. Survey items included a wide range of satisfaction, utilization, and proficiency-level outcome measures. Analyses included examinations of descriptive statistics, McNemar’s tests pre-/post-B-REDI exposure, Z-tests with subgroup populations, and chi-square tests with demographic comparisons. Results The B-REDI resulted in broad, statistically significant improvements across the measured range of provider proficiency-level outcomes. Net gains in each domain ranged from 16.5% to 22.9% for knowledge/awareness (P = .000), from 11.1% to 15.8% for personal confidence (P = .001-.000), and from 6.2% to 15.1% for decision-making/documentation (P = .035-.002) 3 months following B-REDI initiation, and only one (knowledge) failed to maintain a statistically significant improvement in all of its subcategories. The B-REDI also received high favorability ratings (79%-97% positive) across a wide array of end-user satisfaction measures. Conclusions The B-REDI directly addresses several critical Army BH readiness challenges by providing tangible decision-making support solutions for BH providers. Providers reported high degrees of end-user B-REDI satisfaction and significant improvements in all measured provider proficiency-level domains. By effectively addressing the readiness decision-making challenges Army BH providers encounter, B-REDI provides the Army BH health care system with a successful blueprint to set the conditions necessary for providers to make more accurate and timely readiness determinations. This may ultimately reduce safety and mission failure risks enterprise-wide, and policymakers should consider formalizing and integrating the B-REDI model into current Army BH practice.

Enhanced Valve Placement Decision Making Approach for Liquid Transmission Pipelines That Utilizes Risk Reduction Techniques

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Weir ◽  
Yanping Li
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Potential Reduction ◽  
Sensitive Areas ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Placement Decision ◽  
Valve Placement ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

The Intelligent Valve Placement (IVP) approach that considers risk (defined as likelihood × consequence) reduction techniques to identify optimum locations for sectionalizing (block valves) for new liquid transmission pipelines has been enhanced to straightforwardly optimize valve placements based on the effectiveness and potential volume out reduction of valves. Valve effectiveness is a measure that quantifies the effectiveness of a valve in reducing volume out for pipe sections that can affect one or more identified sensitive areas. The valve effectiveness calculation does not adequately consider those situations where there is significant volume out reduction potential with few or no sensitive areas present, thus the potential volume out reduction for a given valve must also be considered. The enhanced IVP approach incorporates risk reduction by reducing consequence. This is achieved through potential reduction of impacts to sensitive areas and potential volume out reduction for pipeline ruptures. A method of establishing a decision making threshold for both the valve effectiveness and potential volume out calculations has been incorporated into the approach. The valve placement effectiveness and volume out calculations are applied in an iterative manner that facilitates quick and simplified interpretation and identification of optimum valve placement. The IVP approach meets and exceeds the requirements set forth in both the National Energy Board’s On-shore Pipeline Regulations and the U.S. Department of Transport’s Emergency Flow Restricting Device expectations set out in its HCA Rulemaking. This paper outlines the approach used to augment decision making within the enhanced IVP process and presents its application to new pipeline development. Limitations to the approach are also addressed.

Interventions for Family Members Caring for an Elder with Dementia

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
GAYLE J. ACTON ◽  
MARY A. WINTER
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Science Index ◽  
Study Evaluation ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control

This chapter reviews 73 published and unpublished research reports of interventions for family members caring for an elder with dementia by nurse researchers and researchers from other disciplines. Reports were identified through searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Social Science Index, PsycINFO, ERIC, Social Work Abstracts, American Association of Retired Persons database, CRISP index of the National Institutes of Health, Cochrane Center database, and Dissertation Abstracts using the following search terms: care giver, care giving, dementia, Alzheimer’s, intervention study, evaluation study, experimental, and quasi-experimental design. Additional keywords were used to narrow or expand the search as necessary. All nursing research was included in the review and nonnursing research was included if published between 1991 and 2001. Studies were included if they used a design that included a treatment and control group or a one-group, pretest-posttest design (ex post facto designs were included if they used a comparison group). Key findings show that approximately 32% of the study outcomes (e.g., burden, depression, knowledge) were changed after intervention in the desired direction. In addition, several problematic issues were identified including small, diverse samples; lack of intervention specificity; diversity in the length, duration, and intensity of the intervention strategies; and problematic outcome measures.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Drug Prevention Education Program

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artie L. Kearney ◽  
Max H. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Drug Prevention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factual Knowledge ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
National Model ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
The U.S

The study was designed to measure the effectiveness of a drug prevention education program in grades 2–6. With 935 students in the experimental group and 449 students in the control group, the results were as follows: (a) children in the experimental group significantly increased their feelings of self worth; (b) significantly increased their decision making abilities; (c) significantly increased their factual knowledge about drugs; and (d) improved their attitude towards use and misuse of drugs. As a result of this study, the U.S. Office of Education has recognized this program as a national model. Presently this program is being disseminated nationwide via the National Diffusion Network (NDN) and is being replicated by schools in twenty-five states.

scholarly journals The Effect of Violent and Melodrama Movies on Risky Decision Making and Behavioral Inhibition in Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Roya Ghandali ◽  
◽  
Peyman Hassani-Abharian ◽  
Vahid Sadeghi-Firoozabadi ◽  
Roghieh Nooripour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Introduction: Brain Functional Performance is a collection of excellent mental processing that provides a framework for achieving goals based on targeted behaviors. Disorders in executive functions make it difficult for a person to perform everyday tasks. One of the phenomena that have been highlighted in various media is the violent phenomenon that adolescents welcome with the production of violent movies. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of violent movies on risky decision making and behavioral inhibition of adolescents and compare it with melodrama. Method: This study was conducted with a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group among 60 adolescents in Tehran (30 girls and 30 boys) using the available sampling method. For this purpose, neurological tests of Iowa Gambling and Go-No Go were used. Findings: The results showed that violent movies caused a significant increase in risky decision making (P<0.05). In addition, these types of movies caused a significant decrease in behavioral inhibition among adolescents (P<0.05). Conclusion: Movies that have a rude story and content that glorifies violence harm adolescents' decision making and deterrence, leading them to make risky decisions and inadequate inhibition.

scholarly journals Research on correlation and relationship between graphic literacy activities, decision making abilities and concept learning of third grade studentsOrtaokul 7. Sınıf öğrencilerinin grafik okuryazarlığı etkinlikleri ile karar verme becerileri ve kavram öğrenmeleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyide Senanur Talaslıoğlu ◽  
Fatma Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Concept Learning ◽  
English Summary ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Literacy Activities ◽  
Third Grade Students ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Graphic Literacy ◽  
Experimental Group

A period in which we are in that the information is becoming increasingly important. Today, progress and development follow each other. Thus literacy concepts have gained importance and have begun to diversify in line with the needs of individuals. One of these varied literacy is graphic literacy. Visual literacy is at the forefront together with graphic literacy. The aim of this study was to improve the graphic literacy of 7th grade students of middle school with Graphic literacy activities. In the study, pre-test-post-test control group research model was used from the quasi-experimental research models. In 2015-2016 academic year, study was conducted on the students in the central school in Yunak, Konya. A total of 45 students were surveyed, consisting of 21 students in the experimental group and 24 students in control groups. While the control group learns as the curriculum requires, in the experimental group students continued to use the graphic literacy activities besides the courses. A study was conducted by a researcher for a total of 8 weeks. It is seen that the relationship between decision making skills and concept learning in this study, which is made by using graphical literacy activities, is in a positive direction.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özetİçinde bulunduğumuz dönem bilginin giderek arttığı ve önem kazandığı bir devirdir. Günümüzde ilerleme ve gelişmeler birbirini takip etmektedir. Böylece okuryazarlık kavramları önem kazanmaya ve bireylerin ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda çeşitlenmeye başlamıştır. Bu çeşitlenen okuryazarlıklardan birisi de grafik okuryazarlığıdır. Grafik okuryazarlığı ile birlikte görsellik ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Grafik okuryazarlık etkinlikleri ile ortaokul 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin grafik okuryazarlığının geliştirilmesi olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma yarı deneysel araştırma modellerinden biri olan ön test- son test kontrol gruplu araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır.2015-2016 Eğitim öğretim yılı Konya ili Yunak ilçesinde merkez okulda öğrenim gören öğrenciler üzerinde çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deney grubu içerisinde 21 kontrol grubu içerisinde 24 öğrenci olmak üzere toplam 45 öğrenci üzerinde araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kontrol grubu öğrencileri müfredatın gerektirdiği gibi öğrenim görürken deney grubu öğrencilerinde ise derslerin yanında grafik okuryazarlık etkinlikleri kullanılarak ders işlenmeye devam edilmiştir. Toplam 8 hafta süren bir çalışma araştırmacı tarafından gerçekleştirilmiştir. Grafik okuryazarlık etkinliklerinden yararlanılarak yapılan bu çalışmada karar verme becerileriyle ve kavram öğrenmeleriyle olan ilişkinin olumlu yönde olduğu görülmüştür.

Responsive Aggression Regulation Therapy (Re-ART): An Evaluation Study in a Dutch Juvenile Justice Institution in Terms of Recidivism

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (14) ◽  
pp. 4403-4424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa M. Hoogsteder ◽  
Geert-Jan J. M. Stams ◽  
Eveline E. Schippers ◽  
Daphne Bonnes
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
Property Crimes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Waitlist Control Group ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
General Recidivism

This article describes a quasi-experimental study of the effectiveness of Responsive Aggression Regulation Therapy (Re-ART) in terms of recidivism for 16- to 21-year-old juveniles with aggression problems and high risk of recidivism. In a Dutch juvenile justice institution, an experimental group received Re-ART ( n = 63, Re-ART group) and a waitlist control group received Treatment as Usual ( n = 28, TAU group). Results indicated that Re-ART is significantly more effective than TAU in reducing the juveniles’ recidivism risk for violent offending. Compared with the TAU group, the Re-ART group showed significantly less violent crimes after 2 and 3 years, less property crimes after 2 years, and less general recidivism after 2 and 3 years. There was no significant difference between groups in recidivism of property crimes with violence. Ethnicity, mild intellectual disabilities, substance abuse, and age did not moderate the effects on recidivism outcome, which indicates that Re-ART was equally effective for various groups.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MODEL SETS TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN SISWA SMP TOPIK PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hairida Hairida ◽  
Fitri Rahmadanti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Model Sets ◽  
Quasi Experimental

This study aims to determine the effect of the SETS learing model (Science, Environement, Technology, and Society) on the decision-making skills of students of SMP Negeri 01 Belitang on environmental pollution material. The form of research used was a quasi experimental design with are search nonequivalent control group design. The sample of this research is class VII A as a control class amounting to 25 students and class VII B as an experimental class totaling 25 students, using saturated sampling technique. Data calculation techniques are measurement and interview techniques. Based on the analysis using the U-Mann Whitney test ( which shows the differences in the decision-making skills of students who were given the SETS learning model and given conventional learning model. The effect size value obtained is 1,3 with high criteria and has an effect of 90 % on improving decision-making skills.

scholarly journals The Influence of Choice Theory Anger Management Program (CTAMP) on the Ability of Prospective Psychological Counselors for Anger Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rezzan Gundogdu
Keyword(s):  
Anger Management ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Trait Anger ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Counseling And Guidance ◽  
Experimental Group

This research is a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest-fallow up test and experiment-control group to investigate the influence of Choice Theory-based Anger Management Psychoeducation Program (CTAMP) on the ability of students of Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance (PCG) for anger management. The Trait Anger-Anger Style Scale was used for the dependent variable. 40 students were identified as eligible to participate in the study based on the scores from subscales of STAS. Then a total of 18 volunteer students (14 females and 5 males) were identified that had time to participate in activities. The control group included 19 students (14 females, 5 males). The CTAMP was administrated to the experimental group for twelve weeks, and no procedures were performed for the control group. Then, reminder sessions were held for 3 more weeks for the control group and the final follow-up measurement was taken. The data was analyzed by SPSS 18 packet program. The t-test was performed to find the differences between the follow up pretest–follow up posttest scores in the experimental and control groups, and ANOVA was carried out to find the within-group differences for repeated measurements. At the end of CTAMP that lasted 12 weeks, it is observed that the trait anger-anger, anger-in and anger-out scores for the experimental group were reduced from the pretest to posttest, but the anger control scores were increased. At the end of follow-up sessions, the variance in the scores was similar.

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