scholarly journals EMS-based mutants are useful for enhancing drought tolerance in spring wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Zahra ◽  
Sana Zulfiqar ◽  
Momina Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Akhtar ◽  
Tayyaba Shaheen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Abc Transporter ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Relative Reduction

AbstractSustainable wheat production in drought prone areas can be achieved by developing resilient wheat varieties. In the present study, chemical mutagenesis was used to induce mutations in a cultivated wheat variety ‘NN-Gandum-1’. In total, 44 mutants were selected based on their high yield potential for exposing to well-watered (W1) and rainfed (W2) conditions for one season. Then 24 mutants were selected, and were exposed to W1 and W2 regimes. On the basis of least relative reduction in physiological parameters under W2 regime, five mutants were selected for conducting exome capturing assays. In total, 184 SNPs were identified in nine genes (ABC transporter type 1, Aspartic peptidase, Cytochrome P450, transmembrane domain, Heavy metal-associated domain, HMA, NAC domain, NAD (P)-binding domain, S-type anion channel, Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 and UDP-glucuronosyl/UDP-glucosyltransferase). Maximum number of mutations were observed in chr.2D, which contained mutations in three genes i.e. ABC transporter type 1, NAD (P)-binding domain and UDP-glucuronosyl/UDP-glucosyltransferase which may have a role in conferring drought tolerance. The selected mutants were further tested for studying their biochemical responses under both the regimes for two years. The extent of membrane damage was estimated through malondialdehydeand hydrogen per oxidase and tolerance to drought stress was assessed via antioxidant enzymes in leaves. The selected mutants under drought stress increased the accumulation of proline content, total soluble sugars, total free amino acids, while decreased total chlorophyll content, carotenoids and total soluble protein. Finally, the procedure of narrowing down the number of developed mutants from a large mutation population (>4000) is found useful for exploring the complex trait like drought without compromising yield potential. These mutants can further be explored to understand the genetic circuits of drought tolerance in wheat which will pave the way towards improving livelihood of resource poor farming community mostly relying on cereal food.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Selected Rice Genotypes under Water Stress Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Gaballah ◽  
Azza M. Metwally ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohamed M. Hassan ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Drought is the most challenging abiotic stress for rice production in the world. Thus, developing new rice genotype tolerance to water scarcity is one of the best strategies to achieve and maximize high yield potential with water savings. The study aims to characterize 16 rice genotypes for grain and agronomic parameters under normal and drought stress conditions, and genetic differentiation, by determining specific DNA markers related to drought tolerance using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers and grouping cultivars, establishing their genetic relationship for different traits. The experiment was conducted under irrigated (normal) and water stress conditions. Mean squares due to genotype × environment interactions were highly significant for major traits. For the number of panicles/plants, the genotypes Giza179, IET1444, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 showed the maximum mean values. The required sterility percentage values were produced by genotypes IET1444, Giza178, Hybrid2, and Giza179, while, Sakha101, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 achieved the highest values of grain yield/plant. The genotypes Giza178, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2, produced maximum values for water use efficiency. The effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.20 alleles to 3.0 alleles with an average of 1.28 alleles, and the He values for all SSR markers used varied from 0.94 to 1.00 with an average of 0.98. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for the SSR were varied from 0.83 to 0.99, with an average of 0.95 along with a highly significant correlation between PIC values and the number of amplified alleles detected per locus. The highest similarity coefficient between Giza181 and Giza182 (Indica type) was observed and are susceptible to drought stress. High similarity percentage between the genotypes (japonica type; Sakha104 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.45), Sakha101 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.40), Sakha105 with Hybrid1 (0.40), Hybrid1 with Giza178 (0.40) and GZ1368-S-5-4 with Giza181 (0.40)) was also observed, which are also susceptible to drought stress. All genotypes are grouped into two major clusters in the dendrogram at 66% similarity based on Jaccard’s similarity index. The first cluster (A) was divided into two minor groups A1 and A2, in which A1 had two groups A1-1 and A1-2, containing drought-tolerant genotypes like IET1444, GZ1386-S-5-4 and Hybrid1. On the other hand, the A1-2 cluster divided into A1-2-1 containing Hybrid2 genotype and A1-2-2 containing Giza179 and Giza178 at coefficient 0.91, showing moderate tolerance to drought stress. The genotypes GZ1368-S-5-4, IET1444, Giza 178, and Giza179, could be included as appropriate materials for developing a drought-tolerant variety breeding program. Genetic diversity to grow new rice cultivars that combine drought tolerance with high grain yields is essential to maintaining food security.

scholarly journals Molecular interaction of nitrate transporter proteins with recombinant glycinebetaine results in efficient nitrate uptake in the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0257870
Author(s):  
Prashant Swapnil ◽  
Mukesh Meena ◽  
Ashwani K. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Abc Transporter ◽  
Molecular Interaction ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Nitrate Transport ◽  
Atp Binding ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Transporter Proteins ◽  
Pcc 7120

Nitrate transport in cyanobacteria is mediated by ABC-transporter, which consists of a highly conserved ATP binding cassette (ABC) and a less conserved transmembrane domain (TMD). Under salt stress, recombinant glycinebetaine (GB) not only protected the rate of nitrate transport in transgenic Anabaena PCC 7120, rather stimulated the rate by interacting with the ABC-transporter proteins. In silico analyses revealed that nrtA protein consisted of 427 amino acids, the majority of which were hydrophobic and contained a Tat (twin-arginine translocation) signal profile of 34 amino acids (1–34). The nrtC subunit of 657 amino acids contained two hydrophobic distinct domains; the N-terminal (5–228 amino acids), which was 59% identical to nrtD (the ATP-binding subunit) and the C-terminal (268–591), 28.2% identical to nrtA, suggesting C-terminal as a solute binding domain and N-terminal as ATP binding domain. Subunit nrtD consisted of 277 amino acids and its N-terminal (21–254) was an ATP binding motif. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that nitrate-ABC-transporter proteins are highly conserved among the cyanobacterial species, though variation existed in sequences resulting in several subclades. Nostoc PCC 7120 was very close to Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413, Anabaena sp. 4–3 and Anabaena sp. CA = ATCC 33047. On the other, Nostoc spp. NIES-3756 and PCC 7524 were often found in the same subclade suggesting more work before referring it to Anabaena PCC 7120 or Nostoc PCC 7120. The molecular interaction of nitrate with nrtA was hydrophilic, while hydrophobic with nrtC and nrtD. GB interaction with nrtACD was hydrophobic and showed higher affinity compared to nitrate.

scholarly journals Screening of Key Drought Tolerance Indices for Cotton at the Flowering and Boll Setting Stage Using the Dimension Reduction Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
FengLei Sun ◽  
Qin Chen ◽  
QuanJia Chen ◽  
Menghui Jiang ◽  
Wenwei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Total Variability ◽  
Drought Tolerance Indices ◽  
Tolerance Indices

Drought is one of the main abiotic stresses that seriously influences cotton production. Many indicators can be used to evaluate cotton drought tolerance, but the key indicators remain to be determined. The objective of this study was to identify effective cotton drought tolerance indicators from 19 indices, including morphology, photosynthesis, physiology, and yield-related indices, and to evaluate the yield potential of 104 cotton varieties under both normal and drought-stress field conditions. Combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and a regression analysis method, the results showed that the top five PCs among the 19, with eigenvalues > 1, contributed 65.52, 63.59, and 65.90% of the total variability during 2016 to 2018, respectively, which included plant height (PH), effective fruit branch number (EFBN), single boll weight (SBW), transpiration rate (Tr) and chlorophyll (Chl). Therefore, the indicator dimension decreased from 19 to 5. A comparison of the 19 indicators with the 5 identified indicators through PCA and a combined regression analysis found that the results of the final cluster of drought tolerance on 104 cotton varieties were basically consistent. The results indicated that these five traits could be used in combination to screen cotton varieties or lines for drought tolerance in cotton breeding programs, and Zhong R2016 and Xin lu zao 45 exhibited high drought tolerance and can be selected as superior parents for good yield performance under drought stress.

scholarly journals Natural Variation Uncovers Candidate Genes for Barley Spikelet Number and Grain Yield under Drought Stress

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar G. Thabet ◽  
Yasser S. Moursi ◽  
Mohamed A. Karam ◽  
Andreas Börner ◽  
Ahmad M. Alqudah
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike

Drought stress can occur at any growth stage and can affect crop productivity, which can result in large yield losses all over the world. In this respect, understanding the genetic architecture of agronomic traits under drought stress is essential for increasing crop yield potential and harvest. Barley is considered the most abiotic stress-tolerant cereal, particularly with respect to drought. In the present study, worldwide spring barley accessions were exposed to drought stress beginning from the early reproductive stage with 35% field capacity under field conditions. Drought stress had significantly reduced the agronomic and yield-related traits such as spike length, awn length, spikelet per spike, grains per spike and thousand kernel weight. To unravel the genetic factors underlying drought tolerance at the early reproductive stage, genome-wide association scan (GWAS) was performed using 121 spring barley accessions and a 9K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) chip. A total number of 101 significant SNPs, distributed over all seven barley chromosomes, were found to be highly associated with the studied traits, of which five genomic regions were associated with candidate genes at chromosomes 2 and 3. On chromosome 2H, the region between 6469300693-647258342 bp includes two candidate drought-specific genes (HORVU2Hr1G091030 and HORVU2Hr1G091170), which are highly associated with spikelet and final grain number per spike under drought stress conditions. Interestingly, the gene expression profile shows that the candidate genes were highly expressed in spikelet, grain, spike and leaf organs, demonstrating their pivotal role in drought tolerance. To the best of our knowledge, we reported the first detailed study that used GWAS with bioinformatic analyses to define the causative alleles and putative candidate genes underlying grain yield-related traits under field drought conditions in diverse barley germplasm. The identified alleles and candidate genes represent valuable resources for future functional characterization towards the enhancement of barley cultivars for drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Selection of upland rice lines in advanced yield trials and response to abiotic stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Tirtana ◽  
Bambang Sapta Purwoko ◽  
ISWARI SARASWATI DEWI ◽  
Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Research Station ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Yield Trials ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Tirtana A, Purwoko BP, Dewi IS, Trikoesoemaningtyas. 2021. Selection of upland rice lines in advanced yield trials and response to abiotic stress. Biodiversitas 22: 4694-4703. Breeding programs to obtain superior upland rice varieties with high productivity and adaptive in dryland must be prioritized to maximize the potential of dryland. This research aimed to obtain information on the agronomic performance of upland rice lines in advanced yield trials and select the best lines with high productivity and tolerance to drought stress and aluminum toxicity. Advanced yield trials were conducted from November 2016 until March 2017 in Bogor and Sukabumi using a randomized complete block design, where three replications were nested in the environments. Aluminum and drought stress evaluations were conducted at Muara Research Station, Bogor, in May-June 2018 and September-October 2018. Based on the selection index, twelve lines were selected with superior agronomic characters and high yield potential. These lines had characteristics as follows: days to harvesting (110.2-116.0 days), number of filled grains (70.6-101.3 grains), number of unfilled grains (27.9-58.4 grains), and productivity (2.2-2.9 tons ha-1). Evaluation of drought tolerance showed four lines with better drought tolerance than the drought-sensitive check IR20. The aluminum tolerance evaluation obtained two tolerant lines and nine lines with moderate responses to aluminum toxicity. The selected lines need to be further evaluated in multilocation trials.

scholarly journals Persulfidation of Nitrate Reductase 2 Is Involved in L-Cysteine Desulfhydrase-Regulated Rice Drought Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12119
Author(s):  
Heng Zhou ◽  
Yin Zhou ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Wenxue Guan ◽  
Ye Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Overexpression Line ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Cysteine Desulfhydrase ◽  
H2s Production ◽  
Nr Activity

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important signaling molecule that regulates diverse cellular signaling pathways through persulfidation. Our previous study revealed that H2S is involved in the improvement of rice drought tolerance. However, the corresponding enzymatic sources of H2S and its regulatory mechanism in response to drought stress are not clear. Here, we cloned and characterized a putative L-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD) gene in rice, which encodes a protein possessing H2S-producing activity and was named OsLCD1. Overexpression of OsLCD1 results in enhanced H2S production, persulfidation of total soluble protein, and confers rice drought tolerance. Further, we found that nitrate reductase (NR) activity was decreased under drought stress, and the inhibition of NR activity was controlled by endogenous H2S production. Persulfidation of NIA2, an NR isoform responsible for the main NR activity, led to a decrease in total NR activity in rice. Furthermore, drought stress-triggered inhibition of NR activity and persulfidation of NIA2 was intensified in the OsLCD1 overexpression line. Phenotypical and molecular analysis revealed that mutation of NIA2 enhanced rice drought tolerance by activating the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and ABA-responsive genes. Taken together, our results showed the role of OsLCD1 in modulating H2S production and provided insight into H2S-regulated persulfidation of NIA2 in the control of rice drought stress.

scholarly journals Backbone NMR assignment of the nucleotide binding domain of the Bacillus subtilis ABC multidrug transporter BmrA in the post-hydrolysis state

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Hugo Pérez Carrillo ◽  
Dania Rose-Sperling ◽  
Mai Anh Tran ◽  
Christoph Wiedemann ◽  
Ute A. Hellmich
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Abc Transporter ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Molecular Motor ◽  
Nucleotide Binding ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Nucleotide Binding Domain ◽  
Backbone Chemical Shift ◽  
Nucleotide Interactions

AbstractATP binding cassette (ABC) proteins are present in all phyla of life and form one of the largest protein families. The Bacillus subtilis ABC transporter BmrA is a functional homodimer that can extrude many different harmful compounds out of the cell. Each BmrA monomer is composed of a transmembrane domain (TMD) and a nucleotide binding domain (NBD). While the TMDs of ABC transporters are sequentially diverse, the highly conserved NBDs harbor distinctive conserved motifs that enable nucleotide binding and hydrolysis, interdomain communication and that mark a protein as a member of the ABC superfamily. In the catalytic cycle of an ABC transporter, the NBDs function as the molecular motor that fuels substrate translocation across the membrane via the TMDs and are thus pivotal for the entire transport process. For a better understanding of the structural and dynamic consequences of nucleotide interactions within the NBD at atomic resolution, we determined the 1H, 13C and 15N backbone chemical shift assignments of the 259 amino acid wildtype BmrA-NBD in its post-hydrolytic, ADP-bound state.

Overexpression of AtDREB1 and BcZAT12 Genes Confers Drought Tolerance by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Double Transgenic Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum Mill.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Krishna ◽  
Waquar Akhter Ansari ◽  
Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal ◽  
Ram Prasad ◽  
JAY PRAKASH VERMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Element Binding Protein ◽  
Responsive Element

Abstract A large number of genes has been targeted at the molecular level and transferred in tomato varieties from different sources for drought stress tolerance. Developed single transgenic (ST) plants exhibited better yield under drought stress, although the yield was comparatively lower and the plant growth was reduced. Hence, double transgenic plants were developed to improve yield potential without compromising drought tolerance; for this Dehydration Responsive Element Binding protein 1A (AtDREB1A) and Brassica carinata Zinc finger proteins (BcZAT12) genes were stacked. Developed double transgenic (DT) tomato plants by co-over expressing of both the genes exhibited more enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative activities than control. Double transgenic (DZ1-DZ5) tomato lines, co-overexpressing AtDREB1A and BcZAT12 showed enhanced drought tolerance than their counterpart and wild type (WT) plants at 0, 07, 14, and 21 days of water deficit (DWD), respectively. DT plants showed increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, like catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants like ascorbic acid, glutathione as compared to ST and WT. Additionally, the transcript analysis of antioxidant enzymes revealed the level of gene expression in DT tomato plants. In the present study, co-overexpression of AtDREB1A and BcZAT12 genes in tomato showed superior drought tolerance as compared to ST and WT by elevating activity and quantity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. This is the primary report in tomato, which forms the basis for a multigene transgenic approach to cope with drought stress.

Limited Proteolysis of Vitronectin by Plasmin Destroys Heparin Binding Activity

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (03) ◽  
pp. 310-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C Sane ◽  
Tammy L Moser ◽  
Charles S Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Limited Proteolysis ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Inhibitor Type ◽  
Activator Inhibitor Type ◽  
Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Pai 1

SummaryVitronectin (VN) stabilizes plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) activity and prevents the fibrin(ogen)-induced acceleration of plasminogen activation by t-PA. These antifibrinolytic activities as well as other functions are mediated by the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) binding domain of VN. Since the GAG binding region is rich in arginyl and lysyl residues, it is a potential target for enzymes such as plasmin. In this paper, the dose and time-dependent proteolysis of VN by plasmin is demonstrated. The addition of urokinase or streptokinase (200 units/ml) to plasma also produced proteolysis of VN. With minimal proteolysis, the 75 kDa band was degraded to a 62-65 kDa form of VN. This minimal proteolysis destroyed the binding of [3H]-heparin to VN and reversed the neutralization of heparin by VN.Thus, the plasmin-mediated proteolysis of the GAG binding activity of VN could destroy the antifibrinolytic activity of VN during physiologic conditions and during thrombolytic therapy. Furthermore, other functions of VN in complement and coagulation systems that are mediated by the GAG binding domain may be destroyed by plasmin proteolysis.

The Effects of Drought on Leaf Gas Exchange and Growth of Three Species of Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 540a-540
Author(s):  
K.J. Prevete ◽  
R.T. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Analysis System

Three species of herbaceous perennials were tested on their ability to withstand and recover from drought stress periods of 2, 4, and 6 days. Eupatorium rugosum and Boltonia asteroides `Snowbank' were chosen because of their reported drought intolerance, while Rudbeckia triloba was chosen based on its reported drought tolerance. Drought stress began on 19 Sept. 1997. Plants were transplanted into the field the day following the end of each stress period. The effects of drought on transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthetic rate were measured during the stress and throughout recovery using an infrared gas analysis system. Leaf gas exchange measurements were taken through recovery until there were no differences between the stressed plants and the control plants. Transpiration, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis of Rudbeckia and Boltonia were not affected until 4 days after the start of stress. Transpiration of Eupatorium decreased after 3 days of stress. After rewatering, leaf gas exchange of Boltonia and Rudbeckia returned to non-stressed levels quicker than Eupatorium. Growth measurements were taken every other day during stress, and then weekly following transplanting. Measurements were taken until a killing frost that occurred on 3 Nov. There were no differences in the growth between the stressed and non-stressed plants in any of the species. Plants will be monitored throughout the winter, spring, and summer to determine the effects of drought on overwintering capability and regrowth.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document